PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 20132014

  

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014

  

Pusat Relaksasi di Semarang

  Penekanan / Tema Desain

  

Arsitektur Tropis

  Permasalahan Dominan

Stimuli Arsitektural Untuk Penciptaan “ Suasana “

  Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

  

Disusun oleh

Karuna Winasti

09.11.0052

Dosen pembimbing

  

Ir. Yulita Titik S, MT

NIDN.0612066201

  

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR,

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

  

September 2013

  

PRAKATA

  Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas Berkat dan Rahmat-Nya sehingga Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) Projek Akhir Arsitektur ( PAA ) 64

Periode Semester Gasal Tahun 2013/2014 yang berjudul “ Pusat Relaksasi di Semarang “ ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik

  Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini saya haturkan terima kasih yang sebesar besarnya kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini yaitu

  1. Ir. Yulita Titik S, MT , selaku pembimbing selama penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini , yang telah banyak memberikan masukan dan saran.

  2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT, selaku koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur 64

  3. Seluruh Dosen dan Staff Tata Usaha yang telah membantu proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini.

  4. Orangtua yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan motivasi penulis.

  5. Teman teman dan Pihak lain yang telah membantu serta mendukung dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) PAA 64 ini.

  Semoga LTP PAA 64 ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Saran dan kritik sangatlah diharapkan demi penyempurnaan di kemudian hari.

  Semarang, Oktober 2013 Karuna Winasti

  

DAFTAR ISI

  Halaman Judul..............................................................................................................i Halaman Pengesahan..................................................................................................ii Prakata...................................................................................................................... ..iv Daftar Isi.......................................................................................................................v Daftar Gambar............................................................................................................vi Daftar Tabel.................................................................................................................v

  BAB I Pendahuluan

  1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek......................................................................................1

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan...................................................................2

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan.......................................................................................2

  1.4 Metoda Pembahasan........................................................................................2

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan.................................................................................5

  BAB II Tinjauan Proyek

  2.1 Tinjauan Umum.................................................................................................6

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum...................................................................................6

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................8

  2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai..................................................................9

  2.2 Tinjauan Khusus.............................................................................................10

  2.2.1 Terminologi..........................................................................................10

  2.2.2 Kegiatan...............................................................................................30

  2.2.2.1 Pelaku......................................................................................30

  2.2.2.2 Fasilitas....................................................................................30

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi Dan Persyaratan Desain....................................................33

  2.2.3.1 Aspek Arsitektur.......................................................................33

  2.2.3.2 Aspek Bangunan......................................................................33

  2.2.3.3 Aspek Lingkungan....................................................................33

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota........................................................................34

  2.2.4.1 Deskripsi Kota Semarang........................................................34

  2.2.4.2 Relevansi Antara Proyek dan Kota Semarang.........................35

  2.2.5 Studi Banding.......................................................................................35

  2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain..........................................................................38

  2.2.6.1 Permasalahan Arsitektur..........................................................38

  2.2.6.2 Permasalahan Bangunan.........................................................39

  2.2.6.3 Permasalahan Lingkungan .....................................................39

  2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, Dan Anggapan............................................................40

  BAB III Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur.......................................................................41

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas.......................................................................................41

  3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas........................................................................................50

  3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan.........................................................75

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure...................................................75

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas.............................................................................93

  3.2.2.1 Transportasi Vertikal................................................................93

  3.2.2.2 Unit Pemadam Kebakaran.......................................................96

  3.2.2.3 Pencahayaan.....................................................................,.....99

  3.2.2.4 Penghawaan..........................................................................101

  3.2.2.5 Jaringan Listrik.......................................................................103

  3.2.2.6 Jaringan Air Bersih dan Kotor................................................104

  3.2.2.7 Jaringan Telepon...................................................................107

  3.2.2.8 Jaringan Sampah ..................................................................107

  3.2.2.9 Penangkal Petir......................................................................107

  3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi............................................................108

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur....................................................................130

  5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain...................................................153

  5.1.2 Studi Preseden ...................................................................................149

  5.1.1 Interprestasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain .........................146

  5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain..................................................................146

  BAB V Kajian Teori

  4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak..................................................................138

  4.3.3 Sistem Utilitas....................................................................................134

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................................124

  3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan

  4.3 Program Arsitektur......................................................................................124

  4.2 Tujuan Perancangan , Faktor Penentu Perancangan, dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .........................................................................121

  4.1 Konsep Program.........................................................................................121

  BAB IV Program Arsitektur

  3.3.3 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak.....................................................................119

  3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi Mikro ( Koridor Jalan ).................................115

  3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan Lokasi Makro ( Skala BWK )...................................110

  5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan.........................................................159 Kepustakaan...........................................................................................................182 Lampiran

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 : Empat Kuadran Meditasi....................................................................13Gambar 2.2 : Alas Duduk Meditasi..........................................................................18Gambar 2.3 : Handuk Meditasi................................................................................19Gambar 2.4 : Selimut Meditasi.................................................................................19Gambar 2.5 : Pakaian Yang Baik Untuk Meditasi....................................................19Gambar 2.6 : Pakaian Longgar Untuk Meditasi.......................................................19Gambar 2.7 : Yoga Mat............................................................................................20Gambar 2.8 : Yoga Block.........................................................................................21Gambar 2.9 : Ilustrasi Yoga Block............................................................................21Gambar 2.10 : Ilustrasi Penggunaan Yoga Strip........................................................21Gambar 2.11 : Penggunaan Blanket Untuk Yoga......................................................22Gambar 2.12 : Penggunaan Yoga Bolster.................................................................22Gambar 2.13 : Reformer............................................................................................23Gambar 2.14 : Cadillac..............................................................................................23Gambar 2.15 : Stability Chair.....................................................................................24Gambar 2.16 : Bosu...................................................................................................24Gambar 2.17 : Ladder Barrel.....................................................................................24Gambar 2.18 : Arc Barrels.........................................................................................24Gambar 2.19 : Fitness Circles....................................................................................25Gambar 2.20 : Pilates Ball.........................................................................................25Gambar 2.21 : Pijat Refleksi......................................................................................28Gambar 2.22 : Reflexology........................................................................................28Gambar 2.22 : Aromatherapy Massage.....................................................................28Gambar 2.24 : Aromatherapy Oil...............................................................................28Gambar 2.25 : Remedial Massage............................................................................29Gambar 2.26 : Remedial Massage............................................................................29Gambar 2.27 : Hot Stone Massage............................................................................29Gambar 2.28 : Hot Stone ..........................................................................................29Gambar 2.29 : Ruang Sauna.....................................................................................30Gambar 2.30 : Ruang Sauna.....................................................................................30Gambar 2.31 : Ruang Steambath..............................................................................30Gambar 2.32 : Ruang Steambath..............................................................................30Gambar 2.33 : Gerakan Dasar Taichi........................................................................31Gambar 2.34 : Senam Taichi.....................................................................................31Gambar 2.35 : Bagian Depan Samanta Meditation Center........................................36Gambar 2.36 : Kegiatan Meditation di SMC...............................................................37Gambar 2.37 : Ruang Meditasi..................................................................................37Gambar 2.38 : Ruang Meditasi..................................................................................37Gambar 2.39 : Ruang Meditasi..................................................................................37Gambar 2.40 : Eksterior Zaza Salon..........................................................................38Gambar 2.41 : Ruang Tunggu Zaza Salon................................................................38Gambar 2.42 : Ruang Spa Standart...........................................................................38Gambar 2.43 : Ruang Tunggu Spa............................................................................38Gambar 2.44 : Steamer Listrik...................................................................................38Gambar 2.45 : R. Hair Salon......................................................................................39Gambar 2.46 : R. Facial.............................................................................................39Gambar 3.1 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung...................................................48Gambar 3.2 :Diagram Pola Aktivitas Owner............................................................48Gambar 3.3 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pembimbing..................................................49Gambar 3.5 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Bid. Admin.....................................................50Gambar 3.6 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Bid.Pembukuan.............................................50Gambar 3.7 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Marketing..............................................51Gambar 3.8 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Operasional..........................................51Gambar 3.9 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Teknisi..................................................52Gambar 3.10 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Operasional .........................................52Gambar 3.11 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Koki...............................................................53Gambar 3.12 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Karyawan Resto............................................54Gambar 3.13 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Karyawan Resto............................................54Gambar 3.14 : Diagram Pola Ruang Pengelola.........................................................59Gambar 3.15 : Diagram Pola Ruang Utama..............................................................59Gambar 3.16 : Diagram Pola Ruang Pengelola.........................................................59Gambar 3.17 : Diagram Pola Ruang Organic Resto..................................................60Gambar 3.18 : Reformer............................................................................................70Gambar 3.19 : Cadillac..............................................................................................70Gambar 3.20 : Yoga Mat............................................................................................71Gambar 3.21 : Alas Duduk Meditasi..........................................................................79Gambar 3.22 : Pondasi FootPlat................................................................................79Gambar 3.23 : Pondasi Lajur Batu Kali......................................................................80Gambar 3.24 : Pondasi Lajur Batu Kali......................................................................80Gambar 3.25 : Pondasi Sumuran...............................................................................81Gambar 3.26 :Pondasi Sumuran................................................................................81Gambar 3.27 :Lantai Kayu.........................................................................................83Gambar 3.28 : Lantai Kayu........................................................................................83Gambar 3.29 : Lantai Marmer....................................................................................84Gambar 3.30 : Lantai Marmer....................................................................................84Gambar 3.31 : Lantai Keramik...................................................................................85Gambar 3.32 : Lantai Keramik...................................................................................85Gambar 3.33 : Atap Baja Ringan...............................................................................86Gambar 3.34 : Dak Beton..........................................................................................88Gambar 3.35 : Green Roof.........................................................................................88Gambar 3.36 : Green Roof.........................................................................................88Gambar 3.37 : Partisi Movable...................................................................................89Gambar 3.38 : Partisi Movable...................................................................................89Gambar 3.39 : Hiasan Panel Kayu.............................................................................90Gambar 3.40 : Hiasan Panel Kayu.............................................................................90

  Gambar 3.41: Batu Alam..........................................................................................91

Gambar 3.42 : Batu Alam...........................................................................................91Gambar 3.43 : Sand Blasting.....................................................................................92Gambar 3.44 : Transparent Awimming Pool..............................................................92Gambar 3.45 : Peralatan RainWall............................................................................93Gambar 3.46 : RainWall.............................................................................................93Gambar 3.47 : Plafon Gypsum...................................................................................93Gambar 3.48 : Plafon Kayu........................................................................................94Gambar 3.49 : Plafon Fiber........................................................................................95Gambar 3.50 : Plafon Asbes......................................................................................95Gambar 3.51 : Plafon Akustik....................................................................................96Gambar 3.52 : Tangga...............................................................................................97Gambar 3.53 : Tangga Darurat..................................................................................97Gambar 3.54 : Lift Barang..........................................................................................98Gambar 3.55 : Kamar Mandi Difable..........................................................................99Gambar 3.56 : Ramp................................................................................................100Gambar 3.57 : Alarm Krbakaran..............................................................................100Gambar 3.58 : Detector Panas................................................................................100Gambar 3.59 : Manual Call Point.............................................................................101Gambar 3.60 : Contol Panel.....................................................................................101Gambar 3.61 : Alarm Kebakaran.............................................................................101Gambar 3.62 : Sprinkler Otomatis............................................................................101Gambar 3.63 : Fire Hydrant System........................................................................101Gambar 3.64 : Hose Reel........................................................................................101Gambar 3.65 : Alat Pemadam Dry Chemical dan CO2...........................................102Gambar 3.66 : Alat Pemadam Halon/BCP dan Foam..............................................102Gambar 3.67 : Bukaan Jendela & Pintu...................................................................105Gambar 3.68 : Ventilasi Melalui Dinding Bambu......................................................105Gambar 3.69 : Contoh Cross Ventilation.................................................................105Gambar 3.70 : Exhaust Fan.....................................................................................106Gambar 3.71 : Kipas Angin......................................................................................106Gambar 3.72 : Split Wall AC....................................................................................107Gambar 3.73 : Sound System Ruang......................................................................107Gambar 3.74 : Jaringan Listrik Bawah Tanah..........................................................107Gambar 3.75 : Genset.............................................................................................108Gambar 3.76 : Sistem Up Feed dan Down Feed....................................................108Gambar 3.77 : Sumur Artesis..................................................................................109Gambar 3.78 : Sirkulasi Overflow............................................................................110Gambar 3.79 : Sirkulasi Skimmer............................................................................110Gambar 3.80 : Tempat Sampah Organik- Non Organik...........................................111Gambar 3.81 : Septitank..........................................................................................112Gambar 3.82 : Jaringan WI-Fi..................................................................................113Gambar 3.83 : BWK II..............................................................................................115Gambar 3.84 : BWK VI.............................................................................................117Gambar 3.85 : Tapak Alternatif 1.............................................................................122Gambar 3.86 : Tapak Alternatif 2.............................................................................122Gambar 3.87 : Peta Lokasi Jalan Jangli Utara.........................................................123

  Gambar 3.88: Peta Lokasi Jalan Jangli Utara.........................................................123

Gambar 3.89 : Tanah Kosong ( Bag. Utara Tapak )................................................124Gambar 3.90 : Tanah Kosong ( Bagian Timur Tapak )............................................124Gambar 3.91 : Jalan Candi......................................................................................124Gambar 3.92 : Tanah Kosong ( Bagian Depan Tapak )...........................................124Gambar 4.1 : Pola Ruang Makro...........................................................................138Gambar 4.2 : Pola Ruang Pengelola.....................................................................138Gambar 4.3 : Pola Ruang Utama...........................................................................139Gambar 4.4 :Pola Ruang Outdoor.........................................................................139Gambar 4.5 : Pola Ruang Mikro.............................................................................140Gambar 4.6 : Hebel dan Spesifikasinya.................................................................145Gambar 4.7 : Batu Alam.........................................................................................145Gambar 4.8 : Batu Alam.........................................................................................145Gambar 4.9 : Kaca.................................................................................................145Gambar 4.10 : Kalsiboard........................................................................................146Gambar 4.11 : Dinding Kayu....................................................................................146Gambar 4.12 : Dinding Gypsum...............................................................................147Gambar 4.13 : Tangga.............................................................................................148Gambar 4.14 : Tangga.............................................................................................148Gambar 4.15 : Up Feed & Down Feed.....................................................................151Gambar 4.16 : Ficus religiosa L...............................................................................153Gambar 4.17 : Pohon Angsana................................................................................153Gambar 4.18 : Golden Trumpet...............................................................................153Gambar 4.19 : Palem Raja......................................................................................153Gambar 4.20 : Bambu..............................................................................................153Gambar 4.21 : Pohon Cemara.................................................................................153Gambar 4.22 : Teh Tehan........................................................................................156Gambar 4.23 : Bunga Bougainvillea........................................................................156Gambar 4.24 : Bung Kamboja.................................................................................156Gambar 4.25 : Tanaman Dolaran............................................................................155Gambar 4.26 : Stefanot...........................................................................................155Gambar 4.27 : Rumput Jepang...............................................................................155Gambar 4.28 : Bunga Teratai..................................................................................155Gambar 4.29 : Melati Air..........................................................................................156Gambar 4.30 : Grojogan..........................................................................................156Gambar 4.31 : Kolam...............................................................................................156Gambar 4.32 : Paving..............................................................................................157Gambar 4.33 : Grass Block......................................................................................157Gambar 4.33 : Penutup Tanah Batu Alam...............................................................157Gambar 5.1 : Diagram Hubungan Permasalahan Dominan..................................160Gambar 5.2 : Fish House.......................................................................................164Gambar 5.3 : Fish House.......................................................................................164Gambar 5.4 : Fish House.......................................................................................164Gambar 5.5 : Fish House.......................................................................................165Gambar 5.6 : Fish House.......................................................................................165Gambar 5.7 : Fish House.......................................................................................165Gambar 5.8 : Fish House.......................................................................................165Gambar 5.9 : Fish House.......................................................................................166Gambar 5.10 : Fish House.......................................................................................166Gambar 5.11 : Denah LT.2 Fish House...................................................................167Gambar 5.12 : Denah Lantai.1 Fish House..............................................................167Gambar 5.13 : Potongan Fish House.......................................................................167Gambar 5.14 : Fish House.......................................................................................168Gambar 5.15 : Fish House.......................................................................................168Gambar 5.16 : Tangga House..................................................................................168Gambar 5.17 : Movable Windows Wall....................................................................169Gambar 5.18 : Fish House.......................................................................................169Gambar 5.19 : Sun Shiding dan Layering Pada Meera Sky Garden House............170Gambar 5.20 : Cross Ventilation..............................................................................170Gambar 5.21 : Retaining Wall..................................................................................171Gambar 5.22 : Pohon Palem Raja...........................................................................157Gambar 5.23 : Pohon Bambu..................................................................................157Gambar 5.24 : Pohon Cemara.................................................................................157Gambar 5.25 : Pohon Angsana...............................................................................157Gambar 5.26 : Bukaan Melalui Jendela...................................................................157Gambar 5.27 : Cantilever.........................................................................................158Gambar 5.28 : Atap Ventilasi...................................................................................158Gambar 5.29 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159Gambar 5.30 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159Gambar 5.31 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159Gambar 5.32 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................160Gambar 5.33 : R. Makan..........................................................................................160Gambar 5.34 : Dapur...............................................................................................160Gambar 5.35 : R. Keluarga......................................................................................160Gambar 5.36 : R. Tidur............................................................................................160Gambar 5.37 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................160Gambar 5.38 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................161Gambar 5.39 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................161Gambar 5.40 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................161Gambar 5.41 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................161Gambar 5.42 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................161Gambar 5.43 : R.Tamu............................................................................................161Gambar 5.44 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.45 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.46 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.47 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.48 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.49 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162Gambar 5.50 : R.Tamu............................................................................................163Gambar 5.51 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................163Gambar 5.52 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................163Gambar 5.53 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................163Gambar 5.54 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................163Gambar 5.55 : Dapur...............................................................................................163Gambar 5.56 : Taman Air Mancur............................................................................163Gambar 5.57 : Burung Berkicau...............................................................................164Gambar 5.58 : Burung Berkicau...............................................................................164Gambar 5.59 : Tekstur Kayu....................................................................................167Gambar 5.60 : Tekstur Batu.....................................................................................167Gambar 5.61 : Fish House.......................................................................................167Gambar 5.62 : Taman..............................................................................................167

  

DAFTAR TABEL