KAJIAN PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI METAKAOLIN TERHADAP PARAMETER BETON MEMADAT MANDIRI DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON MUTU TINGGI - UNS Institutional Repository

  

KAJIAN PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI METAKAOLIN

TERHADAP PARAMETER BETON MEMADAT MANDIRI

DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON MUTU TINGGI

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF METAKAOLIN COMPOSITION VARIATION ON

SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE PARAMETERS AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

SKRIPSI

Disusun Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik

  

Universitas Sebelas Maret

Surakarta

Oleh :

  

EMIR AHMAD DHARMAWAN

NIM. I0113041

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2017

  

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN

KAJIAN PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI METAKAOLIN

TERHADAP PARAMETER BETON MEMADAT MANDIRI

DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON MUTU TINGGI

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF METAKAOLIN COMPOSITION VARIATION ON

SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE PARAMETERS AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

SKRIPSI

Disusun Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik

  

Universitas Sebelas Maret

Surakarta

EMIR AHMAD DHARMAWAN

NIM. I0113041

  Telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Pendadaran Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

  Persetujuan : Dosen Pembimbing I, Dosen Pembimbing II,

Wibowo, S.T., D.E.A. Ir. Antonius Mediyanto, M.T.

  NIP. 19681007 199502 1 001 NIP. 19620118 199512 1 001

  

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

KAJIAN PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI METAKAOLIN

TERHADAP PARAMETER BETON MEMADAT MANDIRI

DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON MUTU TINGGI

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF METAKAOLIN COMPOSITION VARIATION

ON SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE PARAMETERS AND COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

Oleh :

EMIR AHMAD DHARMAWAN

NIM. I0113041

  Telah dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Pendadaran Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan diterima guna memenuhi persyaratan untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Teknik pada hari Jumat,

  4 Agustus 2017.

  Tim Penguji Nama/NIP Tanda Tangan 1. Wibowo, S.T., D.E.A.

  .................................. NIP. 19681007 199502 1 001 2. Ir. Antonius Mediyanto, M.T.

  .................................. NIP. 19620118 199512 1 001 3. Ir. Supardi, M.T.

  .................................. NIP. 19550504 198003 1 003 4. Ir. Slamet Prayitno, M.T.

  NIP. 19531227 198601 1 001 ..................................

  Disahkan, Tanggal : ........................................ Kepala Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik UNS

  HALAN

Wibowo, S.T., D.E.A.

  NIP. 19681007 199502 1 001

  

ABSTRAK

Emir Ahmad Dharmawan, 2017. Kajian Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi

Metakaolin Terhadap Parameter Beton Memadat Mandiri Dan Kuat Tekan

Beton Mutu Tinggi. Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.

  Beton mutu tinggi memadat mandiri adalah salah satu inovasi beton yang memiliki standar kualitas yang tinggi. Beton jenis ini memiliki kuat tekan yang tinggi dan dapat memadat tanpa bantuan alat. Metakaolin (MK) digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti semen untuk meningkatkan kualitas beton tersebut dan mengurangi kelemahannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dan parameter yang dikaji adalah waktu ikat, fillingability, passingability, segregation resistance, dan kuat tekan beton. Benda uji yang digunakan berbentuk silinder berdiameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm berjumlah 30 buah.

  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, MK meningkatkan kuat tekan beton secara linier. Metakaolin memperlambat waktu ikat semen dan menurunkan kuat tekan awal beton umur 14 hari. Semakin banyak MK yang digunakan, workabilitas semakin menurun. Hanya penambahan metakaolin dengan kadar 5%, 7,5%, dan 10% yang memenuhi parameter fillingability dan passingability berdasarkan EFNARC 2002.

  Kata Kunci: beton mutu tinggi memadat mandiri, metakaolin, kuat tekan, waktu ikat, workabilitas

  

ABSTRACT

  high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) is one of the concrete innovations that have a high quality standard. This type of concrete has a high compressive strength and can compact without tools. Metakaolin (MK) is used in this research as a cement replacement to increase the quality of HSSCC and to reduce it’s weaknesses. Metakaolin (MK) is made from kaolin which is a white powder

  o

  measuring 0,5 to 5 micron that then heated at 500 C.

  • – 900 Parameters that are studied in this research are setting time, workability, and the compressive strength of HSSCC. Setting time are measured by vicat test to understand the effect of MK replacement on HSSCC. Workability are measured by

  5minute slump-flow table test, l-box test, v-funnel test and v-funnel T test.

  Compressive strength performed on 14 and 28 days old with compressive testing machine.

  Based on this research, MK increases compressive strength of concrete linearly. MK slows down concrete setting time and reduces early compressive strength of concrete at 14 days old. Workability decreases as more MK is used. Only MK addition at 5%, 7,5%, and 10% fulfills fillingability and passingability parameter based on EFNARC 2002. keywords: high strength self compacting concrete, metakaolin, compressive strength, setting time, workability

  Puji syukur Penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga Penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Kajian Pengaruh

  Variasi Komposisi Metakaolin Terhadap Parameter Beton Memadat Mandiri dan Kuat Tekan Beton Mutu Tinggi” ini. Skripsi ini adalah salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik pada Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

  Penulis mendapat bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak dalam penulisan skripsi ini sehingga semuanya dapat berjalan lancar. Oleh karena itu Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1.

  Segenap dosen dan staff Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

  2. Bapak Wibowo, S.T., D.E.A., selaku dosen pembimbing 1.

  3. Bapak Ir. Antonius Mediyanto, M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing 2.

  4. Bapak Prima Yustana, S.Sn., M.A., dan Bapak Sudarto dari Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta yang telah membantu dalam pembuatan metakaolin.

  5. Keluarga Penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam penulisan skripsi.

  6. Rekan-rekan penelitian Skripsi.

  7. Rekan-rekan mahasiswa Teknik Sipil UNS 2013 yang terus memberikan semangat dan bantuan dalam penulisan skripsi.

  8. Semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesainya skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, Penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca khususnya mahasiswa Teknik Sipil.

  Surakarta, Juli 2017 Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

  HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xiii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................

  1 1.1. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................

  1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah...............................................................................

  2 1.3. Batasan Masalah .................................................................................

  3 1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................

  3 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ..............................................................................

  4 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI .....................

  5 3.1 Tinjauan Pustaka.................................................................................

  5 3.2 Landasan Teori ...................................................................................

  8 2.2.1 Beton ...................................................................................................

  8

  2.2.1.1 Sifat ..................................................................................................... 9

  2.2.1.2 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan ................................................................ 9

  2.2.2 Beton Mutu Tinggi (High Strength Concrete) ................................... 10

  2.2.3 Beton Memadat Mandiri (Self Compacting Concrete) ....................... 10

  2.2.4.1 Sifat Beton Memadat Mandiri ............................................................ 11

  2.2.4.2 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan ................................................................ 11

  2.2.4.3 Pengujian ............................................................................................ 12

  2.2.4 Bahan Penyusun Beton Mutu Tinggi Memadat Mandiri.................... 13

  2.2.4.1 Semen Portland ................................................................................... 13

  2.2.4.2 Agregat Kasar ..................................................................................... 14

  2.2.4.3 Agregat Halus ..................................................................................... 16

  2.2.4.4 Air ....................................................................................................... 18

  2.2.4.5 Superplasticizer .................................................................................. 19

  2.2.4.6 Metakaolin .......................................................................................... 20

  2.2.5 Pengujian Beton HSSCC .................................................................... 23

  2.2.5.1 Fillingability ....................................................................................... 24

  2.2.5.2 Passingability ..................................................................................... 24

  2.2.5.3 Segregation Resistance ....................................................................... 25

  2.2.5.4 Kuat Tekan ......................................................................................... 25

  2.2.5.5 Waktu Ikat Semen .............................................................................. 26

  

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN................................................................. 27

  3.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................. 27

  3.2 Benda Uji ............................................................................................ 27

  3.3 Alat Uji ............................................................................................... 28

  3.4 Bahan Uji ............................................................................................ 36

  3.5 Tahap Penelitian ................................................................................. 38

  3.6 Diagram Alir Penelitian ...................................................................... 40

  3.7 Standarisasi Pengujian Bahan Dasar Beton ........................................ 44

  3.7.1 Agregat Halus ..................................................................................... 44

  3.7.2 Agregat Kasar ..................................................................................... 44

  3.7.3 Semen ................................................................................................. 44

  3.7.4 Self Compacting Concrete .................................................................. 45

  3.8 Pengujian Bahan Dasar Beton ............................................................ 45

  3.8.1 Agregat Halus ..................................................................................... 45

  3.8.1.1 Pengujian Specific Gravity ................................................................. 45

  3.8.1.2 Pengujian Gradasi ............................................................................... 46

  3.8.1.3 Pengujian Kadar Lumpur.................................................................... 46

  3.8.1.4 Pengujian Kadar Zat Organik ............................................................. 46

  3.8.2 Agregat Kasar ..................................................................................... 47

  3.8.2.1 Pengujian Specific Gravity ................................................................. 47

  3.8.2.2 Pengujian Gradasi ............................................................................... 48

  3.8.2.3 Pengujian Abrasi................................................................................. 48

  3.8.3 Pengujian Waktu Ikat Semen (Setting Time) ...................................... 49

  3.9 Pembuatan dan Pengujian Metakaolin ............................................... 50

  3.9.1 Pembuatan Metakaolin ....................................................................... 50

  3.9.2 Pengujian Metakaolin ......................................................................... 51

  3.10 Perancangan Campuran Beton SCC ................................................... 51

  3.11 Pembuatan Benda Uji ......................................................................... 51

  3.12 Pengujian Beton Segar untuk SCC ..................................................... 52

  3.12.1 Pengujian Flow Table ......................................................................... 52

  3.12.2 Pengujian L-box .................................................................................. 53

  3.12.3 Pengujian V-funnel ............................................................................. 55

  3.12.4 Pengujian V-funnel T-5 menit............................................................. 56

  3.13 Perawatan Benda Uji .......................................................................... 58

  3.14 Pengujian Kuat Tekan Benda Uji ....................................................... 58

  

BAB 4 ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 59

  4.4 Hasil Pengujian Beton Keras .............................................................. 72

  5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................... 78

  

BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................... 78

  4.5.4 Workabilitas........................................................................................ 77

  4.5.3 Ball Bearing Effect ............................................................................. 76

  4.5.2 Filler Effect ......................................................................................... 75

  4.5.1 Reaksi Pozolanik ................................................................................ 75

  4.5 Pembahasan ........................................................................................ 75

  4.4.1 Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tekan ............................................................... 72

  4.3.3 Hasil Pengujian V-funnel .................................................................... 69

  4.1 Hasil Pengujian Bahan Penyusun Beton ............................................ 59

  4.3.2 Hasil Pengujian L-box ........................................................................ 66

  4.3.1 Hasil Pengujian Flow Table ............................................................... 64

  4.3 Hasil Pengujian Beton Segar .............................................................. 64

  4.2 Mix Design .......................................................................................... 63

  4.1.4 Pengujian Waktu Ikat ......................................................................... 61

  4.1.3 Pengujian Metakaolin ......................................................................... 60

  4.1.2 Pengujian Agregat Kasar .................................................................... 60

  4.1.1 Pengujian Agregat Halus .................................................................... 59

  5.2 Saran ................................................................................................... 79 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 80 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... xiii

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 flow table dan Abrams cone ........................................................ 24 Gambar 2.2 L-Box ......................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.3 V-Funnel ...................................................................................... 25 Gambar 2.4 Compression Testing Machine .................................................... 25 Gambar 2.5 Vicat ......................................................................................... 26 Gambar 3.1 Timbangan 5 kg ........................................................................... 28 Gambar 3.2 Timbangan 50 kg ......................................................................... 29 Gambar 3.3 Sieve Shaker ................................................................................. 29 Gambar 3.4 Saringan ....................................................................................... 30 Gambar 3.5 Oven ............................................................................................ 30 Gambar 3.6 Mesin Los Angeles ....................................................................... 31 Gambar 3.7 Conical Mould ............................................................................. 31 Gambar 3.8 Vicat ............................................................................................. 32 Gambar 3.9 Mould Silinder ............................................................................. 32 Gambar 3.10

   Compression Testing Machine (CTM) ........................................ 33 Gambar 3.11 Kerucut Abrams ........................................................................... 33 Gambar 3.12 Flow Table ................................................................................... 34 Gambar 3.13 L-Box ........................................................................................... 34 Gambar 3.14 V-funnel (a) Tampak Samping; (b) Tampak Atas ....................... 35 Gambar 3.15 Concrete Mixer ............................................................................ 35 Gambar 3.16 Semen OPC ................................................................................. 36 Gambar 3.17 Agregat Kasar .............................................................................. 36 Gambar 3.18 Agregat Halus .............................................................................. 37 Gambar 3.19 Kaolin .......................................................................................... 37 Gambar 3.20 Metakaolin ................................................................................... 38 Gambar 3.21 Superlasticizer SIKA Viscocrete-1003 ........................................ 38 Gambar 3.22 Diagram Alir Penelitian ............................................................... 40

Gambar 3.23 Diagram Alir Analisis Data dan Pembahasan ................................... 43 Gambar 3.24

   Setup Pengujian Waktu Ikat Semen ............................................ 49 Gambar 3.25 Mould Benda Uji Waktu Ikat Semen ........................................... 49

  Gambar 3.26 Setup Pengujian Flow Table ........................................................ 53 Gambar 3.27 Pengujian Flow Table .................................................................. 53 Gambar 3.28 Setup Pengujian L-box ................................................................. 54 Gambar 3.29 Pengujian L-box ........................................................................... 55 Gambar 3.30 Setup Pengujian V-funnel ............................................................ 56 Gambar 3.31 V-funnel Test ................................................................................ 56 Gambar 3.32 Test V-funnel T-5 menit ............................................................... 57 Gambar 3.33 Proses Perawatan (Curing) Benda Uji (a) Menaruh beton di

  Bak curing ; (b) Mengangkat beton 7 hari sebelum diuji ............. 58

  Gambar 3.34 Setup Pengujian Kuat Tekan ....................................................... 59 Gambar 3.35 Uji Kuat Tekan Beton .................................................................. 59 Gambar 4.1

   Grafik Waktu Ikat Semen ............................................................ 62 500

Gambar 4.2 ) Slump Flow ..................................... 65 Grafik Waktu Aliran (T

  Gambar 4.3 Grafik Diameter Rerata Slump Flow ........................................... 65 Gambar 4.4 Grafik Waktu Alir L-box ............................................................. 67

  2

   Grafik h Gambar 4.6 Grafik Waktu V-funnel ................................................................ 70

  1 Gambar 4.5 /h ........................................................................ 67 L-box

  

5menit

Gambar 4.7 ..................................................... 70 Grafik Waktu V-funnel T

  Gambar 4.8 Grafik Kuat Tekan Umur 14 dan 28 Hari .................................... 73 Gambar 4.9 Grafik Kuat Tekan Variasi Kadar Metakaolin ............................ 73 Gambar 4.10

   Filler Fffect .................................................................................. 76 Gambar 4.11 Ball Bearing Effect ...................................................................... 77 Gambar 4.12 Ball Bearing Effect Pada Beton ................................................... 77

  

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1

   Susunan Unsur Semen Portland ..................................................... 13 Tabel 2.2 Jenis-jenis Semen Portland ............................................................ 14 Tabel 2.3 Syarat Gradasi Agregat Kasar ........................................................ 16 Tabel 2.4 Syarat Gradasi Agregat Halus ........................................................ 17 Tabel 2.5 Hasil Pengujian Kandungan Senyawa Kimia Metakaolin ............. 22 Tabel 2.6 Kriteria Range Nilai SCC .............................................................. 23 Tabel 3.1 Kebutuhan Benda Uji ..................................................................... 28 Tabel 3.2 Tabel Perubahan Warna Pada Uji Kadar Zat Organik Pasir .......... 47 Tabel 4.1 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pengujian Agregat Halus ................................. 59 Tabel 4.2 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pengujian Agregat Kasar ................................. 60 Tabel 4.3 Analisis Kuantitatif Pengujian XRF Metakaolin ........................... 61 Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian vicat ..................................................................... 61 Tabel 4.5 Rekapitulasi Mix Design Beton ..................................................... 63 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengujian Flow Table ........................................................... 64 Tabel 4.7 Hasil Pengujian L-Box ................................................................... 66 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian V-funnel ............................................................... 69 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tekan .......................................................... 72