MENUJU PEMBANGUNAN BERWAWASAN KEPENDUDUKAN | Tjiptoherijanto | Populasi 12325 24312 1 PB
POPULASI, 11(1), 2000
MENUJU PEMBANGUNAN
BERWAWASAN KEPENDUDUKAN
$
The economic crisis in Indonesia, may be interpreted as effects of a strategy
of economic development which has been unsuited to the Indonesian condition
and potency. The strategy, so far has been oriented to the static development,
top-down, and too formal. Therefore, it should be readapted to be more populist
in order to promote the interest and needs of ordinary people. The bottom-up
strategy development with a basic populist concept has a primary goal to equalize
the interest and wellfare of ordinary people, instead of emphasizing the levels of
economic development. This strategy, is an effort to optimizing the distribution
of its own natural resources, thus the development will correspond with the
potency and specific issues of each region.
&
&
11-.
0
"
.
&
&
/(
%
#
& "
0
"
&
& &
/' 5
1176
.
&
177
& &
1 -.
0
& &
.
& & .&
.
"
/,
0
&
11-.
.
&
&
/
" &
* Prof. Dr. Prijono Tjiptoherijanto, Guru Besar Tetap pada Fakultas Ekonomi,
Universitas Indonesia dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Nasional.
Populasi, 11(1), 2000
ISSN: 0853 - 0262
"
&
"
"
&
&
&/*
8"
"
& &
&
.
"
"
/)
&
&
&
0
&
4
/#
0
&
.
&
/
&
0 "
&
0 & .
/&
0 4
&
&
/
&
.
&
&
&
"
/
.
/
!!"#
8 "
.
9 4 &
.
" 0 0
& .
"
"
/
&
/
&
/ .
& &
* Demikian pula ekonom Amerika Serikat, Paul Krugman (1997), mengatakan
bahwa krisis ekonomi di Asia, termasuk di Indonesia, sebenarnya sudah dapat
diduga sebelumnya. Krisis mata uang yang terjadi pada pertengahan tahun
1997 hanyalah pencetus dan bukan penyebab. Penyebab sesungguhnya
adalah pada kesalahan strategi pembangunan ekonomi di samping adanya
masalah moral hazard.
4
' #
! (
(
)
/
.
&
"
/
&
"
.
.
/
:
.
&
0 &
" &
"/ &
.
0
.
&
"0
"/ &
"
.
&.
&
"
& &
/
0
&
& & ;,
;,
&
$,
&
5'60
.
5' 60
"
;
5;!60
"/
0 .
.
.
.
.
&
/ ,
0
&
"
4
&
5
# 6/
"0 &
.
"
&
"
.
"
/
.
"
4
< 0
&
&
/
.
9'
&
&
.
&
"
&
/
&
.
"
&
/ ) .
" .
&
0
0
0
"
"
&
.
/
5
&
"
4
"&/
"
&
&
"
"
" &
4
.
/ :
0
"
"
&
/
"
2
"
"
.
&
&
/
"
/
#
$
8
"
&
"
/
&
/
0
.
&
"
6
/ ;',
&
&#
#
/
&
/
"0
&
&
"
/
0
&
.
&
&
.
/ .
"0
&
&
"
"
/
0
"
&
"
&
&/ : &
"
0
"
0
&
/
"0 &
"
0
"
&0
&
"
' #
! (
(
)
/
5
1 36
&
"
.
&
&
&
11%
&
/
"
"0
&
&
&
13
/
0
&
& & .
&
3
/
.
"
.
0 &
0"
.
<
/
0 &
"
/
"
"
0
.
/
4
&0 & &
&
.
&
&
%
&
/
0 .
"
"
0 "
&
-/
0
&
4
"
&
"
5
17+60
&
&
/
0
"
"
/
&
& .
&
& =
/
#
0
"
&
#
0
4
"
&
&
171/
,
&0 .
&
4
&.
& .
.
"
0
&
" 4
7
/*
% #
"#
&
"
/
&
&
"
&
/
<
"
""
. /
,
0
<
.
&
/
: &
# 5
1+ 6 .
&
&
%
/
&
"
" ;,
&
1+1
;,
&
1+->
1+1/ .
&
0 &
0 "
&
&
17%>
1+-
&
0
" &
&
&
1+->
1+1/
&
&
& &
/
&
& &
"
&
1+->
1+1 &
&
" ;,
&
1+1
&
&
"
&
;,
&
1+->
1+1/
0
&
&
< &
&
/
"
&
?
5
11+6
"
&
-031
* Sejauh ini walaupun disebutkan dalam GBHN bahwa pembangunan nasional
adalah pembangunan sumber daya manusia seiring dengan pembangunan
ekonomi, dalam kenyataannya pembangunan nasional masih terlalu terfokus
pada pembangunan ekonomi. Di samping itu, tampak jelas bahwa pemilihan
sasaran pembangunan ekonomi, khususnya pengembangan industri, dalam
banyak kasus tidak memperhatikan dan memperhitungkan kondisi
kependudukan yang ada.
8
' #
! (
(
)
&
->
3
&
&
;,
/
&
-0%3
&
&
;,
/
13
/
&
4
&
"
& &
" &
&
.
"
&
.
&
/ &
&
&.
4 .
&
"
.
&
/
0
.
/
0
4
& 5#
60
&
".
0
"
&
&
"
4
/
"0
.
&
"
/
"
4
< 0
&
&
0
"
&
/
0 .
&
"
(
/
4
"
&
&
"/
: 0 "
&
"
&
& .&
/(.
"
"
"
/:
&
"
0
&
"/
' &
&
&
"
(
0
& &
4 &
9
&
"
/
8 "
.
"
&
"
6
"
4
06
"
&
0 6
"
"
*
036
.
+
(0%6 &
"4 0
0 76
" &
0
6
"
&
"
2 " 4 4
&
&
&
/
.
&
0
&
/
& &
"
.
&
& .
&
1+-.
/
4
(
, #*
4
4
/
10
0
4 &
"
.
5
+
# &
6/
&
&
&
/
.
0 4 .
"
&
.
/
"
#
+
/
0
&
& &
&
.
&
/= &
0
#
+ .
"
" .
""
& "&
&&"
& & &
.
/
" .
&
.
' #
! (
(
)
#
+
&
"
0
" 4 &
/
#
+
"
& "&
4
&
.
/
= &
0
"
.
"
&
.
"
&
" &
"
/
&0 "
&
0
&
&
&
.
& .
&
"
&
/
4 "
& &
6
& .
&0
6
&/
4
&
.
0
.
"
&
&
.
/ '
&
&/
4
.
"
"
& &
0 0 "
0
"
. 0
"
"
&
"
4 4
" & "
"
"/ 8
"
&
.
"
&
.
0
0
&0 "
"
&
"
/
0
0 0
0 .
0
11
"
&
0
/
8 4
.
"
& 4
&
4
0
&/
4
&
/
/ #& #/
"
.
&
"
"
.
/ (
" &
4
"
0 &
"
&/
"
&
< .
4&
0
"
" "
/
/ # #- $
&
& "
&
"
.
"
&
/
12
"
&
"/
/ -
&
.
5
+
6/
.
"
.
0
/
&
"
"
&
"
/
&
"
/ 8 &
0
&
/
3/ ' "#"#$
# &#/
"0
"
.
&
&
/
$
&"
/
' #
! (
(
)
&
&
.
/
0
& / (.
&
MENUJU PEMBANGUNAN
BERWAWASAN KEPENDUDUKAN
$
The economic crisis in Indonesia, may be interpreted as effects of a strategy
of economic development which has been unsuited to the Indonesian condition
and potency. The strategy, so far has been oriented to the static development,
top-down, and too formal. Therefore, it should be readapted to be more populist
in order to promote the interest and needs of ordinary people. The bottom-up
strategy development with a basic populist concept has a primary goal to equalize
the interest and wellfare of ordinary people, instead of emphasizing the levels of
economic development. This strategy, is an effort to optimizing the distribution
of its own natural resources, thus the development will correspond with the
potency and specific issues of each region.
&
&
11-.
0
"
.
&
&
/(
%
#
& "
0
"
&
& &
/' 5
1176
.
&
177
& &
1 -.
0
& &
.
& & .&
.
"
/,
0
&
11-.
.
&
&
/
" &
* Prof. Dr. Prijono Tjiptoherijanto, Guru Besar Tetap pada Fakultas Ekonomi,
Universitas Indonesia dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Nasional.
Populasi, 11(1), 2000
ISSN: 0853 - 0262
"
&
"
"
&
&
&/*
8"
"
& &
&
.
"
"
/)
&
&
&
0
&
4
/#
0
&
.
&
/
&
0 "
&
0 & .
/&
0 4
&
&
/
&
.
&
&
&
"
/
.
/
!!"#
8 "
.
9 4 &
.
" 0 0
& .
"
"
/
&
/
&
/ .
& &
* Demikian pula ekonom Amerika Serikat, Paul Krugman (1997), mengatakan
bahwa krisis ekonomi di Asia, termasuk di Indonesia, sebenarnya sudah dapat
diduga sebelumnya. Krisis mata uang yang terjadi pada pertengahan tahun
1997 hanyalah pencetus dan bukan penyebab. Penyebab sesungguhnya
adalah pada kesalahan strategi pembangunan ekonomi di samping adanya
masalah moral hazard.
4
' #
! (
(
)
/
.
&
"
/
&
"
.
.
/
:
.
&
0 &
" &
"/ &
.
0
.
&
"0
"/ &
"
.
&.
&
"
& &
/
0
&
& & ;,
;,
&
$,
&
5'60
.
5' 60
"
;
5;!60
"/
0 .
.
.
.
.
&
/ ,
0
&
"
4
&
5
# 6/
"0 &
.
"
&
"
.
"
/
.
"
4
< 0
&
&
/
.
9'
&
&
.
&
"
&
/
&
.
"
&
/ ) .
" .
&
0
0
0
"
"
&
.
/
5
&
"
4
"&/
"
&
&
"
"
" &
4
.
/ :
0
"
"
&
/
"
2
"
"
.
&
&
/
"
/
#
$
8
"
&
"
/
&
/
0
.
&
"
6
/ ;',
&
&#
#
/
&
/
"0
&
&
"
/
0
&
.
&
&
.
/ .
"0
&
&
"
"
/
0
"
&
"
&
&/ : &
"
0
"
0
&
/
"0 &
"
0
"
&0
&
"
' #
! (
(
)
/
5
1 36
&
"
.
&
&
&
11%
&
/
"
"0
&
&
&
13
/
0
&
& & .
&
3
/
.
"
.
0 &
0"
.
<
/
0 &
"
/
"
"
0
.
/
4
&0 & &
&
.
&
&
%
&
/
0 .
"
"
0 "
&
-/
0
&
4
"
&
"
5
17+60
&
&
/
0
"
"
/
&
& .
&
& =
/
#
0
"
&
#
0
4
"
&
&
171/
,
&0 .
&
4
&.
& .
.
"
0
&
" 4
7
/*
% #
"#
&
"
/
&
&
"
&
/
<
"
""
. /
,
0
<
.
&
/
: &
# 5
1+ 6 .
&
&
%
/
&
"
" ;,
&
1+1
;,
&
1+->
1+1/ .
&
0 &
0 "
&
&
17%>
1+-
&
0
" &
&
&
1+->
1+1/
&
&
& &
/
&
& &
"
&
1+->
1+1 &
&
" ;,
&
1+1
&
&
"
&
;,
&
1+->
1+1/
0
&
&
< &
&
/
"
&
?
5
11+6
"
&
-031
* Sejauh ini walaupun disebutkan dalam GBHN bahwa pembangunan nasional
adalah pembangunan sumber daya manusia seiring dengan pembangunan
ekonomi, dalam kenyataannya pembangunan nasional masih terlalu terfokus
pada pembangunan ekonomi. Di samping itu, tampak jelas bahwa pemilihan
sasaran pembangunan ekonomi, khususnya pengembangan industri, dalam
banyak kasus tidak memperhatikan dan memperhitungkan kondisi
kependudukan yang ada.
8
' #
! (
(
)
&
->
3
&
&
;,
/
&
-0%3
&
&
;,
/
13
/
&
4
&
"
& &
" &
&
.
"
&
.
&
/ &
&
&.
4 .
&
"
.
&
/
0
.
/
0
4
& 5#
60
&
".
0
"
&
&
"
4
/
"0
.
&
"
/
"
4
< 0
&
&
0
"
&
/
0 .
&
"
(
/
4
"
&
&
"/
: 0 "
&
"
&
& .&
/(.
"
"
"
/:
&
"
0
&
"/
' &
&
&
"
(
0
& &
4 &
9
&
"
/
8 "
.
"
&
"
6
"
4
06
"
&
0 6
"
"
*
036
.
+
(0%6 &
"4 0
0 76
" &
0
6
"
&
"
2 " 4 4
&
&
&
/
.
&
0
&
/
& &
"
.
&
& .
&
1+-.
/
4
(
, #*
4
4
/
10
0
4 &
"
.
5
+
# &
6/
&
&
&
/
.
0 4 .
"
&
.
/
"
#
+
/
0
&
& &
&
.
&
/= &
0
#
+ .
"
" .
""
& "&
&&"
& & &
.
/
" .
&
.
' #
! (
(
)
#
+
&
"
0
" 4 &
/
#
+
"
& "&
4
&
.
/
= &
0
"
.
"
&
.
"
&
" &
"
/
&0 "
&
0
&
&
&
.
& .
&
"
&
/
4 "
& &
6
& .
&0
6
&/
4
&
.
0
.
"
&
&
.
/ '
&
&/
4
.
"
"
& &
0 0 "
0
"
. 0
"
"
&
"
4 4
" & "
"
"/ 8
"
&
.
"
&
.
0
0
&0 "
"
&
"
/
0
0 0
0 .
0
11
"
&
0
/
8 4
.
"
& 4
&
4
0
&/
4
&
/
/ #& #/
"
.
&
"
"
.
/ (
" &
4
"
0 &
"
&/
"
&
< .
4&
0
"
" "
/
/ # #- $
&
& "
&
"
.
"
&
/
12
"
&
"/
/ -
&
.
5
+
6/
.
"
.
0
/
&
"
"
&
"
/
&
"
/ 8 &
0
&
/
3/ ' "#"#$
# &#/
"0
"
.
&
&
/
$
&"
/
' #
! (
(
)
&
&
.
/
0
& / (.
&