d bing 049722 table of content
Table of Content
Approval Page ..................................................................................................................................... i
Declaration Page .................................................................................................................................ii
Dedication Page................................................................................................................................. iii
Preface ............................................................................................................................................. iv
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. v
Abstracts ............................................................................................................................................. vi
Table of Content ...............................................................................................................................vii
Chapter I
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
Background of the Study .......................................................................................... 1
Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................... 7
Research Questions .................................................................................................... 8
The purpose of the Study .......................................................................................... 8
Significance of the Study .......................................................................................... 8
Hypothesis ................................................................................................................. 9
Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 10
Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................................... 12
Organization of the Disseration .............................................................................. 14
Chapter II
Literature Review .................................................................................................. 15
2.1.
Computer and Language Teaching and Learning ................................................. 15
2.2.
Learning Theories .................................................................................................. 22
2.2.1.
Behavioral Learning Theories ............................................................................... 23
2.2.1.1. Behavioral Learning Theories and Language Learning ....................................... 26
2.2.2.1. Behaviorioral Learning Theories and E-learning .................................................. 27
2.2.2.
Cognitive Learning Theories ................................................................................. 33
2.2.2.1. Cognitive Theories and Language Learning ......................................................... 36
2.2.2.2. Cognitive Learning Theories and E-learning ........................................................ 38
2.2.3.
Constructivist Theory ............................................................................................. 44
2.2.3.1. Constructivist Theory and E-learning ................................................................... 47
2.2.4.
Social Learning Theories ....................................................................................... 50
2.2.4.1. Social Theories and Language Learning ............................................................... 54
2.2.4.2. Social Theories and E- learning ............................................................................. 55
2.3.
Theory of Language; Language as Communication ............................................ 58
2.4.
Principles of Material Development ..................................................................... 63
2.4.1.
Materials Design and Presentation in Web-based Learning Environment ........... 65
2.4.2.
The Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization ...................................................... 67
2.5. Learning Management System ....................................................................................... 70
2.6. Students' and Teachers' Perception of E-learning .......................................................... 74
i
Chapter III
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.4.1.
3.4.2.
3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.5.
3.5.1.
3.5.2.
3.5.3.
3.6.
Chapter IV
4.1.
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 79
Research Problems .................................................................................................. 79
Reseach Design ....................................................................................................... 79
Research Site and Participants ............................................................................... 81
A Phase of Teaching using the Web-based Model for TEFL and
Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 83
Getting the Access ................................................................................................... 84
Choosing Learning Management System (LMS) and Adapting Teaching
and Learning Materials ........................................................................................... 85
Trying Out the Model ............................................................................................ 88
Testing and Validating the Model .......................................................................... 90
Data Collection Techniques ................................................................................... 91
Questionanaire ........................................................................................................ 91
Interview Guide ....................................................................................................... 94
Observational Sheet ................................................................................................ 95
Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 95
4.6.1.
4.6.2.
4.6.3.
4.6.4.
4.6.5.
4.6.6.
Finding and Discussion ............................................................................................ 98
The Condition of Teaching and Learning of Junior High School ........................ 99
Teachers' Understanding of the Teaching and Learning Objectives ................... 99
Teaching Method at Junior High School ............................................................. 101
English Teaching Materials, Role of the Students and Learning Facilities ....... 102
Development and Presentation of the Web-based Model for TEFL ................... 105
Learning Materials in the Learning Management System (LMS) ...................... 117
The Preparatory Stage ............................................................................................ 117
The “Uploading” of the Learning Materials into the System ............................ 117
The Tryout of Web-based Model for TEFL ......................................................... 129
Students’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in the Tryout .. 129
Teachers’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in Tryout ....... 137
The Development of the Final Version of the Model ......................................... 142
The influence of the Web-based Model for TEFL to the students'
achievement .......................................................................................................... 142
The Analysis of the Test Score of A School ....................................................... 143
The Analysis of the Test Score of B School ........................................................ 148
A School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model .......................... 153
The Observation at A School ............................................................................... 161
B School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model .......................... 164
Teachers' Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL ......................... 172
Chapter V
5.1.
Conclusion, Recommendation and Limitation of the study ................................ 177
Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 177
4.2.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.5.
4.6.
ii
5.2.
Recommendation and Limitation of the Study .................................................... 180
Bibliography . ................................................................................................................................. 181
Appendicies ................................................................................................................................. 199
Appendices
Appendix 1 Questionnaire on the Condition of Teaching and Learning at Junior High
Schools
Appendix 2 Interview Guide for Teacher (to find out the teaching condition)
Appendix 3 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 4 Guideline Observation Sheet for Teachers
Appendix 5 Questionnaire on the students’ and teacher’s response about the Web-based
Model for TEFL (tryout)
Appendix 6 Interview Guide for Students
Appendix 7 Syllabus for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1
Appendix 8 Scope and Sequence for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1
Appendix 9 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 10 Guideline Observation Sheet for teachers
Appendix 11 Questionnaire on the students’ and teachers’ response about the Web-based
Model for TEFL
Appendix 12 Sample of Online Learning Material for Junior High School Class VIII
Appendix 13 Pre-test Score (A school)
Appendix 14 Post-test Score (A school)
Appendix 15 Pre-test Score (B school)
iii
Appendix 16 Post-test Score (B school)
iv
Approval Page ..................................................................................................................................... i
Declaration Page .................................................................................................................................ii
Dedication Page................................................................................................................................. iii
Preface ............................................................................................................................................. iv
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. v
Abstracts ............................................................................................................................................. vi
Table of Content ...............................................................................................................................vii
Chapter I
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
Background of the Study .......................................................................................... 1
Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................... 7
Research Questions .................................................................................................... 8
The purpose of the Study .......................................................................................... 8
Significance of the Study .......................................................................................... 8
Hypothesis ................................................................................................................. 9
Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 10
Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................................... 12
Organization of the Disseration .............................................................................. 14
Chapter II
Literature Review .................................................................................................. 15
2.1.
Computer and Language Teaching and Learning ................................................. 15
2.2.
Learning Theories .................................................................................................. 22
2.2.1.
Behavioral Learning Theories ............................................................................... 23
2.2.1.1. Behavioral Learning Theories and Language Learning ....................................... 26
2.2.2.1. Behaviorioral Learning Theories and E-learning .................................................. 27
2.2.2.
Cognitive Learning Theories ................................................................................. 33
2.2.2.1. Cognitive Theories and Language Learning ......................................................... 36
2.2.2.2. Cognitive Learning Theories and E-learning ........................................................ 38
2.2.3.
Constructivist Theory ............................................................................................. 44
2.2.3.1. Constructivist Theory and E-learning ................................................................... 47
2.2.4.
Social Learning Theories ....................................................................................... 50
2.2.4.1. Social Theories and Language Learning ............................................................... 54
2.2.4.2. Social Theories and E- learning ............................................................................. 55
2.3.
Theory of Language; Language as Communication ............................................ 58
2.4.
Principles of Material Development ..................................................................... 63
2.4.1.
Materials Design and Presentation in Web-based Learning Environment ........... 65
2.4.2.
The Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization ...................................................... 67
2.5. Learning Management System ....................................................................................... 70
2.6. Students' and Teachers' Perception of E-learning .......................................................... 74
i
Chapter III
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.4.1.
3.4.2.
3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.5.
3.5.1.
3.5.2.
3.5.3.
3.6.
Chapter IV
4.1.
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 79
Research Problems .................................................................................................. 79
Reseach Design ....................................................................................................... 79
Research Site and Participants ............................................................................... 81
A Phase of Teaching using the Web-based Model for TEFL and
Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 83
Getting the Access ................................................................................................... 84
Choosing Learning Management System (LMS) and Adapting Teaching
and Learning Materials ........................................................................................... 85
Trying Out the Model ............................................................................................ 88
Testing and Validating the Model .......................................................................... 90
Data Collection Techniques ................................................................................... 91
Questionanaire ........................................................................................................ 91
Interview Guide ....................................................................................................... 94
Observational Sheet ................................................................................................ 95
Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 95
4.6.1.
4.6.2.
4.6.3.
4.6.4.
4.6.5.
4.6.6.
Finding and Discussion ............................................................................................ 98
The Condition of Teaching and Learning of Junior High School ........................ 99
Teachers' Understanding of the Teaching and Learning Objectives ................... 99
Teaching Method at Junior High School ............................................................. 101
English Teaching Materials, Role of the Students and Learning Facilities ....... 102
Development and Presentation of the Web-based Model for TEFL ................... 105
Learning Materials in the Learning Management System (LMS) ...................... 117
The Preparatory Stage ............................................................................................ 117
The “Uploading” of the Learning Materials into the System ............................ 117
The Tryout of Web-based Model for TEFL ......................................................... 129
Students’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in the Tryout .. 129
Teachers’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in Tryout ....... 137
The Development of the Final Version of the Model ......................................... 142
The influence of the Web-based Model for TEFL to the students'
achievement .......................................................................................................... 142
The Analysis of the Test Score of A School ....................................................... 143
The Analysis of the Test Score of B School ........................................................ 148
A School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model .......................... 153
The Observation at A School ............................................................................... 161
B School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model .......................... 164
Teachers' Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL ......................... 172
Chapter V
5.1.
Conclusion, Recommendation and Limitation of the study ................................ 177
Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 177
4.2.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.5.
4.6.
ii
5.2.
Recommendation and Limitation of the Study .................................................... 180
Bibliography . ................................................................................................................................. 181
Appendicies ................................................................................................................................. 199
Appendices
Appendix 1 Questionnaire on the Condition of Teaching and Learning at Junior High
Schools
Appendix 2 Interview Guide for Teacher (to find out the teaching condition)
Appendix 3 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 4 Guideline Observation Sheet for Teachers
Appendix 5 Questionnaire on the students’ and teacher’s response about the Web-based
Model for TEFL (tryout)
Appendix 6 Interview Guide for Students
Appendix 7 Syllabus for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1
Appendix 8 Scope and Sequence for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1
Appendix 9 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 10 Guideline Observation Sheet for teachers
Appendix 11 Questionnaire on the students’ and teachers’ response about the Web-based
Model for TEFL
Appendix 12 Sample of Online Learning Material for Junior High School Class VIII
Appendix 13 Pre-test Score (A school)
Appendix 14 Post-test Score (A school)
Appendix 15 Pre-test Score (B school)
iii
Appendix 16 Post-test Score (B school)
iv