BIBLICAL VALUES CONVEYED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN MITCH ALBOM’S THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

BIBLICAL VALUES CONVEYED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS

  

IN MITCH ALBOM’S THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN

A THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

  

By:

Ria Faksriani

Student number: 021214112

  

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2008

  

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

  I honesty declare that this thesis, which I wrote, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and bibliography, as a scientific paper should.

  Yogyakarta, September 15, 2008 The writer

  Ria Faksriani 021214112

  

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

  Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : Ria Faksriani Nomor Mahasiswa : 021214112

  Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul :

BIBLICAL VALUES CONVEYED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS

  IN MITCH ALBOM’S THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN

  beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, me- ngalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

  Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Yogyakarta, 14 November 2008 Yang menyatakan

  ( Ria Faksriani )

  To my dearest Lord Jesus Christ and my beloved parents Life has to end, but love doesn’t .

  That death doesn’t just take someone, it misses someone else, and in the small distance between being taken and being missed,

  lives are changed

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  First of all, I would like to express my highest and deepest gratitude to the

  

Almighty Lord Jesus Christ for His gratest love and blessing in my life, especially in

every single time when struggle comes and life becomes so hard.

  I am deeply indebted to Drs. L. Bambang Hendarto Y, M. Hum., as my sponsor for his suggestions, correction and guidance, encouragement in writing my thesis. This thesis would be nothing without his noteworthy advice. My gratitude also goes to all my lecturers in English Language Study Program of Sanata Dharma

  University for their help and the service during my study.

  I mostly tha nk my lovely late father, who I believe has rested in peace in heaven, my lovely mother, my erderly brother, Itiu and Ibu in Fakfak, and my big family in Irian Jaya for their love, encouragement, faith and prayer. Neither any of spoken nor written words could ever describe how much they really mean to my life.

  I also send big thanks to my cell group, Joyfull for their support and prayer, my friends Miko, Bunga, Sesil, Deddy for the dear friendship in the bitter moments and the sweet moments. I am so gratefull to have dear friends like them.

  Finally, I sincerely thank all the people whom I cannot mention one by one and who have so kindly lent their hands during my study in Sanata Dharma University and the completion of this thesis. Their participation and contribution are very much appreciated.

  Ria Faksriani

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………….. i APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………… ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE…………………… ……………………………………….. iii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………………………………........... iv DEDICATION PAGE……………………………………………………………… v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..……………………………………………………….. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………… vii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… ix

  

ABSTRAK ……..…………………………………………………………………….. x

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.

  1 Background of the study…………………………………………………… 1.2.

  3 Problem Formulation……………………………………………………….

  1.3.

  4 Objective of the Study……………………………………………………… 1.4.

  4 Benefits of the Study………………………………………………………..

  1.5.

  5 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………… CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW…………………………………………..

  7

  2.1.Review of Related Theories…………………………………………………

  7 2.1.1.

  7 Character and Characterization……………………………………...

  2.1.2.

  10 Critical Approaches………………………………………………… 2.1.3.

  11 Theory of Values…………………………………………………… 2.1.3.1.

  12 Fairness…………………………………………………… 2.1.3.2.

  13 Sacrificing………………………………………………… 2.1.3.3.

  15 Forgiveness………………………………………………..

  2.1.3.4.

  16 Love……………………………………………………….

  2.1.3.5.

  18 Purpose of life……………………………………………..

  2.1.4.

  19 Relationship of the Bible and Literature…………………………….

  2.2.Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………...

  20 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY…………………………………….....................

  21

  3.1.Subject Matter…………………………….…………………………………

  21 3.2.Approach of the Study…………………….………………………………...

  22

  3.3.Method of the Study…………………………………………………………

  22 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………

  24 4.1.The Portrayals of the Characters…………………………………………….

  24 4.1.1.

  24 The Portrayal of Eddie………………………………...…….

  4.1.2.

  31 The Portrayal of The Blueman…………………………...….

  4.1.3.

  32 Rhe Portrayal of The Captain………………………...……...

  4.1.4.

  33 The Portrayal of Ruby…………………………...…………..

  4.1.5.

  34 The Portrayal of Marguerite……………………...………….

  4.1.6.

  35 The Portrayal of Tala…………………………...…………...

  4.2.The Biblical Values Conveyed Through the Five People Eddie Meets in Heaven……………………………………………………...

  35 4.2.1.

  35 Fairness…………………………………………...………… 4.2.2.

  37 Sacrificing…………………………………...……………… 4.2.3.

  40 Foergiveness………………………………...……………… 4.2.4.

  41 The Power of Love………………………………………….

  4.2.5.

  42 The Purpose of Life……………………………………...….

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………...............................

  44 5.1.Conclusions………………………………………………………………….

  44 5.2.Suggestions…………………………..……………………...........................

  45 5.2.1.

  46 Suggestions for the Future Researchers………..…………… 5.2.2.

  46 Suggestions for the English Teachers……………...……….. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………...…

  49 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 THE SUMMARY OF THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN…………………………………………. (1)

  APPENDIX 2 THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MITCH ALBOM……………………... (2) APPENDIX 3LESSON PLAN……………………………………………………... (5) APPENDIX 4 READING MATERIAL……………………………………………. (7)

  

ABSTRACT

  Faksriani, Ria. 2008. Biblical Values Conveyed Through the Characters in Mitch

  

Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Yogyakarta: English Language

  Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University

  This thesis discusses the bibilical values conveyed through the characters in Mitch Albom’s novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven. The death of Eddie as the main character, a veteran war who works in a pier named Ruby, leads him to heaven and meets five people. Each person that he meets teaches him a biblical value.

  The aims of this study are to find out the portrayals of the characters and the biblical values conveyed through the five people that Eddie meets in heaven in Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven. The problems are formulated as follows: (1) How are the character of Eddie, the Blueman, the Captain, Ruby, Marguerite, and Tala are portrayed in the novel? (2) What are biblical values conveyed by the five people Eddie meets in heaven?

  This study employs the novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven as the primary source. Besides, some relevant books on literature, values and the Bible are used as the secondary sources in order to support the analysis. Since this study concerns with the biblical values conveyed through the characters in the novel, the Christian approach is applied.

  The conclusion of this study depicts the portrayal of the five people Eddie meets in heaven and Eddie himself. First is the Blueman. He is portrayed as a sideshow worker in Ruby Pier that has blue skin as his distinctive features. The second is the Captain. He is portrayed as the the oldest man in Eddie’s troop, a lifetime military man with a lanky swagger and a prominent chin that gives him a resemblance of a movie actor of the day. Although he is high tempered and has a habit of yelling inches from people’s face, but most of the soldier like him well enough. The third is Ruby. She is portrayed as an old woman with a gaunt face and sagging cheeks, rose coloured lipstick, and tightly pulled- back white hair, thin enough in parts to reveal the pink scalp beneath it. She wears wire- rimmed spectacles over narrow blue eyes. The next is Marguerite. She is portrayed as a loyal and supportive, attentive, and modest girl. She is the girl that becomes Eddie’s wife. The last is Tala. She is portrayed as a little girl around five or six years old, with a beautiful cinnamon complexion. Her hair color is dark plum. She has a small flat nose, full lips that spread joyfully over her gapped teeth, and most arresting eyes as black as seal’s hide, with pinhead of white serving as a pupil. Finally, Eddie himself is portrayed as an old working man that has white ha ir, with short a neck, a barrel chest, thick forearms and a tattoo. He is loved by children but not teenager. He loves his wife very much, and he feels great lost when his wife leaves him at her 47 because of a tumor in the brain. The values that those persons teach are fairness by the Blueman, sacrificing by the Captain, forgiveness by Ruby, love by Marguerite, and the purpose of life by Tala.

  To future researches who intend to do in-depth study on The Five People You Meet in Heaven, the analysis on the plot or the setting in the novel would still be a fascinating challenge, beside analyzing aspects of this novel. Meanwhile, English teachers could also utilize parts of this novel to increase students’ motivation to read in order to develop their reading skill.

  

ABSTRAK

  Faksriani, Ria. 2008. Biblical Values Conveyed Through the Characters in Mitch

  

Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Yogyakarta: Program Studi

  Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

  Skripsi ini mengulas tentang nilai- nilai alkitabiah yang disampaikan oleh para karakter yang terdapat dalam novel karya Mitch Albom dengan judul The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Kematian Eddie sebagai tokoh utama, seorang veteran perang yang bekerja di sebuah taman bermain yang bernama Ruby, mengantarnya ke surga dan bertemu lima orang. Setiap orang yang ia temui mengajarkannya tentang sebuah nilai alkitabiah.

  Tujuan dari skripsi adalah untuk melihat deskripsi mengena i para karakter dan nilai- nilai alkitabiah yang disampaikan oleh para karakter yang terdapat dalam novel karya Mitch Albom The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Dengan rumusan permasalahan sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana Eddie, Blueman, Captain, Ruby,

  Marguerite, dan Tala dideskripsikan dalam novel? (2) Nilai- nilai alkitabiah apa saja yang disampaikan oleh lima orang yang Eddie temui di surga? Studi ini menggunakan novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven sebagai sumber utama. Selain itu, buku-buku yang releva n mengenai kesusasteraan, nilai- nilai, dan Alkitab digunakan sebagai sumber-sumber tambahan untuk mendukung analisa. Pendekatan kekristenan diaplikasikan karena studi ini berhubungan dengan nilai- nilai alkitabiah yang disampaikan oleh para karakter dalam novel.

  Kesimpulan dari studi ini mendeskripsikan lima orang yang Eddie temui di surga dan Eddie. Pertama yaitu Blueman. Ia digambarkan sebagai seorang pekerja di Ruby Pier yang memiliki kulit berwarna biru. Yang kedua adalah si Kapten. Ia digambarkan sebagai orang tertua dalam kesatuannya Eddie, seorang prajurit sejati berkaki panjang dengan cara jalan yang aneh dan dagu terangkat yang membuatnya kelihatan seperti seorang bintang film. Meskipun ia emosian dan suka berteriak di depan wajah orang lain, tetapi para prajurit menyukainya. Ketiga adalah Ruby. Ia digambarkan sebagai seorang wanita tua berwajah tirus, memakai lipstik berwarna merah mawar, dan berambut putih sangat tipis sehingga menunjukkan kulit kepalanya yang diikat ke belakang dengan rapi. Ia memakai kacamata di atas mata birunya. Kemudian Marguerite. Ia digambarkan sebagai seorang wanita yang setia dan penuh dukungan kepada suaminya, penuh perhatian dan sederhana. Ia adalah istri Eddie. Yang terakhir adalah Tala. Ia digambarkan sebagai seorang gadis kecil berusia lima atau enam tahun, berkulit coklat. Rambutnya berwarna hitam. Ia berhidung pesek, berbibir penuh yang tersenyum sehingga memperlihatkan deretan giginya yang jarang, dan mata yang indah. Akhirnya, Eddie digambarkan sebagai seorang pekerja tua berambut putih, leher pendek, dada bidang, lengan besar dan bertato. Ia disukai oleh anak-anak tetapi tidak menyukai remaja. Ia sangat mencintai istrinya serta sangat merasa kehilangan ketika istrinya meninggal pada usia 47 tahun karena tumor otak. Nilai –nilai yang diajarkan kepada Eddie adalah keadilan hidup yang disampaikan oleh Blueman, pengorbanan yang disampaikan oleh Captain, pengampunan yang disampaikan oleh Ruby, cinta yang disampaikan oleh Marguerite, dan tujuan hidup yang disampaikan oleh Tala.

  Bagi para peneliti di waktu mendatang yang bermaksud untuk melakukan studi mendalam mengenai novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven, analisa mengenai alur cerita atau setting dari novel tersebut masih akan menjadi pembahasan yang menarik di samping analisa-analisa lain mengenai novel ini dari berbagai aspek lainnya. Sementara itu, bagi para guru bahasa Inggris dapat pula memanfaatkan bagian-bagian dari novel ini untuk meningkatkan motivasi para siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan membaca mereka.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with background of the study, problem formulation,

  objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition of terms. Background of the study describes the reason why I chose the novel and the topic. In background of the study, I describe some important informa tion related to the topic. The problem formulation gives general descriptions in the form of questions about the problems that are analyzed and discussed in this study. The objectives of the study contain the expected answers to the questions formulated in the problem formulation. The benefits of the study contain people who will get benefits from the study. The last part, definition of terms, explains the definition of key terms in this study in order to avoid misconception.

1.1 Background of the Study

  When we talk about life, we can talk about many things. When we discuss life, we discuss about faith, idealism, beliefs, behavior, attitude, dreams, and many things.

  All are based on the fact that life is a complex matter. Life contains many things and all depend on individual beliefs. In viewing life, people have different point of views.

  They also have different ways to face their life. It can be caused by their background of knowledge, experience, and faith. Those backgrounds can influence people on shaping

  As it is like a mirror, sometimes we can see literature as a reflection of our life and that makes studying literature interesting and fascinating, since it contains some kinds of human aspect of life, such as moral, history, psychology, social, and more.

  Reading a piece of literary work is similar to reading a story of life. When one reads literary work, it means he or she reads or experiences the expression of life through the media of language. By reading literary works, we gain not only pleasant things, but also some life values because literature may become one of the ways in which human learn about moral which happens in life. Moody explains that literature can give more than just pleasure and enjoyment.

  And all of us who read literary work will find our knowledge broadened and deepened, whether in the individual, the social, the racial, or in the internal sphere; we shall understand the possibilities of human life, both for good and evil, we shall understand how we come to live at a particular time and place, with all its pleasure and vexations and problems; we shall understand onward which are open to us, and we shall perhaps be able to make right rather than wrong choices (2-3)

  Therefore, by reading literary works, we can enrich our knowledge more on the values in life, such as the good and the evil.

  One of literary works is novel. In a novel, characters play an important role, and convey the message from the author to the readers. The author may use human, plants, animals, and even supernatural beings such as ghosts, gods and goddess, or other creatures as the characters in order to build the story. Those characters are usually the representatives of the human being. Their experience, conflicts, problems and achievements usually represent what we, humans, experience in our life. Holman and Harmon state that “all novels are representations in fictional narrative of life or

  (336). It means that novel is like a mirror in which we see our life in it. That is why sometimes when we read a literary work we can find that a character in literary work is just like us.

  Since a novel is like a mirror in which we see our life in it, then it also contains values in human life. The values that are presented in literary work usually are carried by the characters. The author usually provides the characters with certain values, so that they can conve y those values to the readers. By reading a novel, sometimes the readers can get more values besides the pleasure.

  Mitch Albom’s novel entitled The Five People You Meet in Heaven is a novel that portrays the things described above. It tells a story of the life after death of the main character, named Eddie, a veteran war who works as the maintenance person in a pier named Ruby Pier. When Eddie dies, he goes to heaven and meets five people that answer all the questions about the life that he has been through, and also conveys the Biblical values.

  This novel is interesting to discuss because there are some biblical values that are conveyed through the five people that Eddie meets in heaven. Therefore, this study, focuses on analyzing the biblical values conveyed through the characters, in this study is the five people that Eddie meets in heaven, in Albom’s the Five People You Meet in Heaven.

1.2 Problem Formulation

  Based on the background, there are six characters found in the novel. They are Eddie, Blueman, Captain, Ruby, Marguerite, and Tala. Therefore, I formulate the

1. How are the character of Eddie, the Blueman, the Captain, Ruby, Marguerite, and

  Tala are portrayed in the novel?

  2. What are biblical values conveyed by the five people Eddie meets in heaven?

  1.3 Objectives of the study

  The objectives of this study are to answer the questions that are formulated in the problem formulation above. First of all, I try to find out the portrayal of the characters that can be found in Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven, and later on, I try to find out the biblical values that are conveyed by those characters.

  1.4 Benefits of the Study

  This study is expected to give some contribution to many people. First of all, this study is expected to give contribution to literature teachers that use Albom’s The

  

Five People You Meet in Heaven as the reading material for literature course especially

  if the topic chosen concerns any values that are conveyed in the novel, including the biblical values.

  Secondly, this study is expected to give contribution to the students who analyze the biblical values or other values in fiction. Thirdly, it is expected to give contribution to enrich my knowledge as the writer of the study about values, especially Biblical values.

  This study may also be used by other researchers as the additional source in analyzing biblical values that are presented in any literary works. The result of this study may be used by them as a consideration in exploring more about values that are conveyed in literary works.

1.5. Definition of Terms

  This part is presented to define some terms written in the title of this thesis in order to avoid misunderstanding. Those terms are:

  1.5.1 Biblical Values

  In A Concise Dictionary of Theology, the Bible means the sacred writings inspired by God and expressing Christian faith in a way that is normative for all time (25).

  Dictionary of Religion states that the bible comprises two parts that Christians call the Old Testame nt and the New Testament (64). For Christians, the Bible is the basis for all of their core beliefs. Baker’s Concise Dictionary of Religion notes that the Bible is the name of Christianity’s sacred scriptures, consisting of the Books of the Old and New Testaments, beginning with Genesis and ending with Revelation (321). The term value in Theological Dictionary is the science of moral; that is, it seeks to analyze and explore the moral facts from which the norms of human behavior may derive (151- 152). Therefore, in this study, biblical value means Christian values that are presented by the Bible that are believed by Christians as true beliefs on the sayings of Christ.

  1.5.2 Characters

  Another term to be defined is character. Abrams, in his book, A Glossary of Literary Terms, defines a character as the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue-and by what they do-the action (20). It means that the character is the person who can be described with moral defined as the person with moral principles and dispositional qualities that is presented by the author to convey the biblical va lues in the novel.

1.5.3 Heaven

  

Heaven in A Mini-dictionary of the Bible, Contemporary English Version, is defined

  as the place for those persons that have finished their life on earth. It is also known as God’s home, where God’s rule over people with no tears and suffers for good.

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL REVIEW This chapter is divided into two parts. The y are review of related theories, and

  theoretical framework. The review of related theories consists of literary theories and theory of values. The literary theories consist of three theories namely, theory of character and characterization, theory of critical approaches, and the relationships of Bible and literature. The last part is theoretical framework, which describes a guidance to analyze the problems formulated in the problem fo rmulation.

2.1 Review of Related Theories

  This section presents characters and characterization and theories of value. The literary theories consists of three theories namely theory of character and characterization, theory of critical approaches and relationship of bible and literature.

2.1.1 Character and Characterization

  Characters according to Abrams in A Glossary of Literary Terms are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities through dialogue and action (20). According to Henkle (87-97), characters can be divided as major and minor characters. Major characters are the most important and complex characters in the novel. They can be identified as such through the complexity of the characterization, the attention given to them (by the author or other characters) who deserve our fullest attention because they perform a key structural function. Upon them we built expectations and desires, when in modification shift of establish or value.

  Murphy categorizes characters on the basis of important into major and secondary characters. The major characters are the center and important characters of the story. They play important roles in shaping and making up the story. The secondary characters are those who perform more limited roles (121).

  Besides the major and secondary characters that is categorized by Murphy, Robert and Jacobs (145-146) propose that a character can be either static or dynamic.

  A character may ha ve many individual and various human traits, and also because she or he may be considered as a dynamic character. Whereas a static character is the one who changes a little, but usually he or she remains the same because there are no changes or growth happen.

  Character and characterization cannot be separated to each other. The author always reveals the characters of imaginary persons in the story, and that it is called characterization. It means that characterization can be defined as the creation of these imaginary persons so that they exist for the reader as if the people in real life (Holman and Harmon, 81).

  An author can characterize his character by using many ways and means. Abrams (21) states that there are two methods of characterization, namely showing and telling. In showing method, called “the dramatic method”, the author only presents his characters’ talking and acting and therefore leaves the reader to get a clear understanding on what motives and disposition lie behind in what they say and do. In telling method, the author himself becomes a kind of narration in order to describe and evaluate the motive s and dispositional qualities of the character.

  Furthermore, Murphy (162-173) explains how the author can convey the reader through character and personalities of the people. According to Murphy, there are several ways in which the author attempts to make his character alive to the reader. The first is personal description. In personal description, the author can describe a character’s physical appearance. The personal description is very important because each character in the story has certain characteristics and aspects. The reader can imagine the story well, especially if the character has a specific or certain appearance.

  The next is characters as seen by another. Here, the author can describe a character by considering any opinion of another and through the eye of other characters in the story.

  The third is speech. In speech, the author can give the reader some clues about the characters in the book through the conversation with another person and whenever he gives his opinion, he is giving us some clues to his personality. After speech, there is past life. Here, the author can also give the readers description about some past events that will help the reader to shape a person’s character.

  The fourth is conversation with other. In conversation with others, some clues to a person’s character can be given to the reader by the author through the conversations of other people and things they say about the character. The next is reaction. In reaction, the author can give the reader clues to a person’s character by showing the reaction in some events. The next is thought. Here, the author can give the reader direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. What actually in the person’s mind and what he feels reflect on his character. The last is mannerism. In mannerism, the character’s personality also can be described by the author through

2.1.2 Critical Approaches

  According to Klarer, religion has always played an important influence on literary studies. He says, “This religious and magical words of textual studies can be traced from preliterate eras all the way to temporary theology and has always exerted a major influence on literary studies” (76). Literature teaches many things about life.

  Reading a piece of literary work is similar to reading a story of life. Literary works that reflect and explore human life cannot also be separated to religious values that are expressed through the work and religious values are found through Bible. Since literature and religion have a close relation, a Christian approach needs employing as a means to interpret a work of literature. According to Norton, using a positive Christian approach will lead to the road of truth as well as to all the good (1961: ixxi).

  Every literary works cannot be seen from the surface only. Studying works of literature will include the studying about life that also has religious va lues, including love, sacrifice, forgiveness and many more. Therefore, the religious aspects should be a consideration in interpreting the literary works in order to get a deeper meaning of the work. Brother Leo, in Norton’s A Christian Approach to Western Literature, says, “The religious conception of existence is the open sesame to the spacious treasure house of the written world, to the imperishable record of what all though all the ages man has thought and felt in terms of beauty and of truth” (Norton, 1961: 5). It means that interpreting a literary work without ignoring the religious problem will enable the reader not only to see the beauty of the work, but also the biblical values through the

  Therefore, a Christian approach is used to help the writer in analyzing the novel. Since this study deals with religious values, the biblical values become the focus. In conclusion, the religious values are important aspects of the novel to analyze.

2.1.3 Theory of value s

  Value, according to Pratt, is “a character possessed by an object, event, or experience in virtue of the fact that some sentient being likes it when he gets it; or would like it if he got it”. (121). It means that value can make human becomes better in life. Value as a character that is possessed by human will help him/her to integrate his/her life to be better each day.

  However, Edward states that the object, event, and experience do not refers to the virtue only. He proposes rightness, obligation, beauty, truth, and holiness (229).

  Value also has its connection with religion that is called religious value. Religious value lay dominantly in the relationship between an individual and the sacred-God (O’Murchu, 45). This relationship is fundamental to his well being. His life is good because he does what the religion teaches him to do. His attitude and behavior are based on the religious teaching. A man must do the order of God that mediated throughout a religion to have a god life. The religious value also includes an individual relationship to other human beings in term of partnership and cooperation. It means that religious value is any value that is based on the religious teaching.

  In this study, the religious values are closely related to the biblical values that will be discussed, because in this study, the writer will try to analyze religious value from Christian point of view. Therefore, the values tha t are discussed in this study are

  There are five biblical values that are likely to be discussed in this study. They are fairness, sacrificing, forgiveness, love, and purpose of life. The basis of these values are based on the verses in the Bible.

2.1.3.1 Fairness

  Fairness in the Bible can be seen in Galatians 6: 7-8. It says that you will harvest what you plant. It means that every thing we do in life has the cause and the effect side. It is fair because the evil will go to hell and the good go to heaven. This verse teaches us that there is fairness in life.

  Another verse that tells us about fairness is in Matthew 6:33. This verse states that if we focus on looking for the Kingdom of God first, then the other things will be ours as well. It means that there will be always payment for what we have done. If we focus on God, then he promises us for more blessing. So, everything has its own time, however, we cannot get something if we do not want use our effort to get that.

  The Bible also states that everything in this world has its turn. Life is fair, sometimes fortune is in our side and sometimes it leaves us behind. There is a time for us to laugh and vice versa. There is a time for us to plant, and there is a time for us also to harvest. Everything happens in its time. Ecclesiastes 3:1-11 says that God will make everything happen at the right time.

  As the summary, the Bible tells us that life is fair. We will get what we want if we use our effort to get that and everything in this life happens in the right time. It is fair because it has the cause and effect side whereas it will happen in its time as God

2.1.3.2 Sacrificing

  Sacrifice is the fact of giving up something valuable that we possess for a good purpose. There are many people thinking sacrifice something for other is considered as heroes. However it is also written on the Bible that heroes sacrifice their most valuable things for good purpose.

  In the Old Testament, it is described that once, there was a man almost killed his son as a sacrifice to please God, yet God replaces it with a sheep (Genesis 22:1-14).

  Because of that, Christians know him as the father of Faith, and we call him Abraham.

  Then there came a man who gave his position and wealth, also his position as the prince of Egypt by bringing all his people out from Egypt, and led them to the land that was promised by God for them to live (Exodus 12:31-40:34), yet we called him Moses.

  Oftentimes, we fail to understand how great God's love is. We easily question His justice, when we get deprived of what we consider good things in life. Such is our attitude towards God, without realizing that He has already provided us with the best gift in life - something that we are not capable of accomplishing for ourselves. He has given us righteousness, or purification from sin, through the sacrifice of His Only Son.

  When John the Baptist asked Jesus Christ why He had to humble Himself as a man, our Lord responded: "Let it be so now; it is proper for us to do this to fulfill all righteousness" (Matthew 3:15). If Jesus Christ is the Son of God, why did He have to die? Two apostles asked the same question on their way to Emmaus, days after Jesus died near Jerusalem (Luke 24:13-35). They were hoping that Jesus was the one who from the dead, confronted them and said: "Did not the Christ have to suffer these things and then enter His glory?" (Luke 24:26).

  Why did Jesus Christ have to die for our sins? "The law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and witho ut the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness." (Hebrews 9:22) God told Moses: "For the life of the creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one's life." (Leviticus 17:11) The blood of Christ, the perfect sacrifice, had to be shed for our atonement. Jesus Christ "did not enter by means of the blood of the goats and calves; but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, having obtained eternal redemption." (Hebrews 9:12)

  "For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. He was chosen before the creation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake" (1 Peter 1:18-20).

  Unlike the Levite priests who had to offer sacrifices again and again, Jesus Christ is the only high priest who is "holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens". Paul, the first Christian missionary, explained that "unlike other high priests, He does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when He offered Himself. For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever." (Hebrews 7:26-28)

  It was God's will that Jesus Christ died on the cross for the redemption of mankind from sin. Talking to the Father, Jesus Christ said: "Sacrifices and offerings, burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire, nor were you pleased with them (although the la w required them to be made). Here I am, I have come to do Your will" (Hebrews 10:8-9). Paul said that Jesus Christ came to set aside the first covenant to establish the second. "Christ is the mediator of the new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance- now that He has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant." (Hebrews 9:15).

  And Christ did die for all of us. He died so we soul no longer live for ourselves, but for the One who died and was raised to life for us (2 Corinthians 5: 15).

2.1.3.3 Forgiveness

  No one makes us angry. Anger is our own emotional response to some action or event. More often than not, our angry feelings are based on a misinterpretation of what someone has said or did. Expressing anger tends to prolong and reinforce our anger rather than purge it. Angry words and actions are much more likely to escalate hostilities and block communication than to solve a problem. Whether between parent and child, spouses, friends, or nations, expressions of anger divide us and drive us toward open hostility.

  It is all too easy to react to life's annoyances and disappointments with anger. It is far more challenging, but much better, to react with understanding and empathy. In this way, we can quickly settle disputes and avoid turning minor incidents into major battles. The humble demeanor is a perfect tool for avoiding disputes and hard feelings .

  Jesus said there is no place for hatred, holding a grudge, revenge, retaliation or getting