Trp64arg Adrenergic Reseptor ß-3 (Adrb3) Gene Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients IN Minangkabau Ethnics - Universitas Negeri Padang Repository

  The International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Education and Technology (ICOMSET 2015) Education, Mathematics, Science and Technology for Human and Natural

  Resources October 22, 2015 Inna Muara Hotel and Convention Center Padang, Indonesia Organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Science State University of Padang Padang, Indonesia

  Organizing Committee STEERING COMMITTEE

   Prof. Dr. Phil. H. Yanuar Kiram (Rector Universitas Negeri Padang)

   Prof. Dr. H. Agus Irianto (Vice Rector I, Universitas Negeri Padang)

   Prof. Dr. Lufri, M.Si (Dean Faculty of Mathematics and Science Universitas Negeri Padang)

   Dr. Yulkifli, S.Pd., M.Si (Vice Dean I, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Universitas Negeri Padang)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

   Chairman : Drs. Hendra Syarifuddin, M.Si., Ph.D

   Vice Chairman : Ananda Putra, M.Si., Ph.D

   Secretary : Yohandri, M.Si., Ph.D

EDITOR BOARD

   Prof. Dr. Elizar (UNP)

   Prof. Hadi Nur (UTM)

   Dr. Rahadi Wirawan, M.Si (Universitas Mataram)

   Prof. Dr. I Made Arnawa, M.Si (UNAND)

   Prof. Dr. Syafrizal , M.Si (UNAND)

   Dr. Yuni Ahda, M.Si (UNP)

   Prof. Akhmaloka (ITB)

   Prof. Wahyudin (UPI)

   Dr. Tan Ling Ling (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

   Prof. Akrajas (UKM)

   Luhur Bayuaji, Ph.D (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)

   Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzan, M.Pd, M.Sc (UNP)

   Prof. Dr. Lufri, M.S (UNP)

   Prof. Dr. Festiyed, M.S (UNP)

   Prof. Josaphat Tetuko SS (Chiba University)

   Yuhendra, Ph.D (Institut Teknologi Padang)

   Dr. Jefri Marsal (Univ. Jambi)

   Prof. Usman Sumo, Ph.D (Univ. Indonesia)

   Dr. Yosza Dasril (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Malaka)

  Contents Messages Rector of State University of Padang xi

Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Science xii

  Chairman of Organizing Committee xiv

  Keynote Speaker BILL ATWEH

Socially Response-able Mathematics, Science and Technology Education: xv

Quality, Engagement, and Sustainability ANDRIVO RUSYDI

New Paths For Half-Metallic And Ferromagnetic In Oxides xvi

NUR HADI

The Design of Solid Catalysts: Some Examples from Universiti Teknologi xvii

Malaysia CHAN YEE KIT

A Millimeter-Wave GBSAR for Landslide Monitoring xviii

ANANDA PUTRA

Novel Bacterial Cellulose With Well Oriented Fibrils Alignment: Synthesis and xix

Characterization Mathematics Education ADRI NOFRIANTO Etnomathematics (Mathematical Concepts in Minangkabau Traditional Game)

  1 AKRIM The Integration of Sosial and Spiritual Competences Curriculum 2013 in Math

  5 Subject in State Junior High School of Medan ARNELLIS, SUHERMAN, DODI VIONANDA Statistical Analysis of the Relationship Pedagogic and Professional Capabilities

  15 Results Competency Test Teacher Senior High School West Sumatra Province EDWIN MUSDI Development of Mathematics Instructional Model Based on Realistic

  21 Mathematics Education to Promote Problem Solving Ability Junior High School Students of Padang ELITA ZUSTI JAMAAN Improving The Professional Competence of Elementary School Teacher

  27 Through Programmed Training in Working Up A Student Sheet Based on Critical and Matehematical Thinking in Pasaman Regency HAFIZAH DELYANA Improved Communication Mathematical Abilities Through Implementation The

  33 Firing Line’s Strategy at VII Class of Junior High School MARIAM NASUTION, RAHMATUL HAYATI, LATISMA The Development of an Authentic Assessment in Geometric Subject which is

  40 Oriented to Problem Based Learning (PBL) PIPIT FIRMANTI The Process of Deductive Thinking of Junior High School Students in

  47 Completing Geometric Proof Based on Gender RINA FEBRIANA , YUSUTRIA Analysis Validity LKM Based Contextual Algebra Basic In STKIP PGRI

  52 Sumbar ZETRIUSLITA, REZI ARIAWAN, HAYATUN NUFUS Profile Ability Think Critically Student in Completing Mathematical Problems

  57 Based on The Level of Academic Ability ALI ASMAR Development Constructivism Learning Materials Use Cooperative Model At

  59 Fifth Class Of Elementary School

ISRA NURMAI YENTI, DONA AFRIYANI

  67 A Need Analysis Of Material Development Of Qur’anic Integrative Calculus LELY KURNIA Modelling Of Factors Infl

  72 uencing The Student’s Academic Survival At Stain Batusangkar Mathematics ANISWITA Fungsi Terintegral Henstock-Kurzweil Serentak dan Unifiomly Globally Small

  76 Riemann Sums (UGSRS) dari Ruang Euclide Ke Ruang Barisan HELMA, NONONG AMALITA Estimation Actual Value Based On Output Value Tools Of A Measure Using

  82 The Inverse Regression HERU MAULANA, KUNTJORO ADJI SIDARTO Valuing Employee Stock Options (ESO) Under Employee Forfeiture Rate

  88 ROSLINA, HARTONO, MUHAMMAD ZARLIS An Overview of Methods For Increasing The Performance of Genetic Algorithm

  95 SRI WAHYUNINGSIH, RAHMAT GUNAWAN

Forecasting Oil Production Using Time Series Model 100

SYAMSUL ANWAR, LONNY AFRIZALMY

Optimization of Production Planning Using Goal Programming Method (A Case 107

Study in A Cement Industry) DAHLAN ABDULLAH, HARTONO, ANGGA PRASETYA

Stock Parts Forecasting Using Least Square In Pt. Dunia Barusa Lhokseumawe 113

Physics Education AHMAD FAUZI, FANNY RAHMATINA RAHIM, RATNA WULAN

The Effectiveness of Mechanics Handout Integrated by Volcanic Eruption 120

Material to Creative Thinking Ability AMALI PUTRA

Physics Learning Oriented Content Complexity and Cognitive Process for 125

Improving Student Scientific Competence on High School in Padang ASRIZAL, HUFRI, FESTIYED

Development of Authentic Assessment For Supporting The Inquiry Learning 132

Model in Basic Electronics 1 Course MASRIL, HIDAYATI

Development of Teaching Materials Based on Scientific Approach For Support 138

The Implementation Of Curriculum 2013 in Senior High School TANTI, MAISON

Modification of Colorado Learning Attitudes About Science Survey (Class) 142

HIDAYATI, FATNI MUFID, ELITA, FESTIYED

The Development Of Authentic Assessment For Problem Based Learning Model 148

In Learning Physics For Senior High School Physics AKMAM, IREFIA RD, SILVIA D, JEMMY ROHMANA

Optimition of Least Square Inversion Using Occam Method Dipole-Dipole 154

Geoelectric Resistivity Data for Landslide Surface Estimation ARSALI, OCTAVIANUS CAKRA SATYA, SUPARDI

Determination of System Dynamic Characteristics Based on A Serial Rc Circuit 162

Model FATNI MUFIT, MAHRIZAL, NOVIYENDRISUDIAR

Magnetic Properties and Heavy Metal Content of Leachate Sludge in Waste 167

Landfill, Air Dingin Padang, Indonesia

  MAHRIZAL, AHMAD FAUZI, AKMAM

Monitoring Technology Development Geoelectric Time-Lapse to Monitor The 173

Prone to Landslides Areas in Padang Using Methods Geoelectric Time-Lapse Resistivity Inversion In Wenner And Schlumberger Configuration NOVIA LIZELWATI, VENNY HARIS

Design of Experiments Set to Determine The Coefficient of Kinetic Friction on 181

Collision of Two Objects RATNAWULAN, JULIANSYAH, AHMAD FAUZI

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Phase Transformation and Crystallite Size 186

of Granite Powder YULKIFLI, YOHANDRI, RAHMAT TRIYONO, ZULPADRIANTO

Development of 2D Vibration Detector Using Fluxgate Sensor Based on 188

Personal Computer YENNI DARVINA, SUCI WAHYUNI, RAMLI

The Optimization Of Calcination Temperature Of Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) 193

Shells To Obtain Calcite-Caco3 Chemistry Education AFRAHAMIRYANO

  196 Student’s Perception of Mathematics and Science Department of Biology Education Program Toward Basic Chemistry Course at The University Mahaputra Muhammad Yamin Solok ANITA HERDA, RAYANDRA A, MAISON Profile of Senior High School

  200 Student’s Needs for Life Skill Oriented – Chemistry BAYHARTI, SURYELITA, INDAH HARIA UTARI

The Development of Problem Based Learning Worksheet on Reaction Rate for 203 Senior High School Students GUSPATNI

The Effect of E-Learning in Chemistry Learning Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis 209 HARYANTO

Profiles Early Generic Skill Prospective Teacher of Chemistry in Jambi 217 University LATISMA DJ

Design and Implementation of Chemistry Triangle Oriented Learning Media on 220 Hydrocarbons RATULANI JUWITA

Developing Kit and Experiment Worksheet for Electrochemistry at XII Class of 226 Senior High School YERIMADESI, BUDHI OKTAVIA, WILDA ZULVINA FITRI

The Development of Buffer Teaching Material In The Form of Module-Based 232

Discovery Learning for Chemistry in Senior High School ZONALIA FITRIZA, LATISMA DJ, MAWARDI

Analysis Of Students Misconception of Atomic Structure In Sma Adabiah 237

Padang ANDROMEDA, BAYHARTI, MENTARI DELIPUTRI

The Development Of Guided Inquiry-Based Worksheet For Laboratory Work On 243

Topic Of Colloidal System For Senior High School Instruction Chemsitry AMRIN, EDI NASRA

Trace Metals Accumulation in Vegetables From Some Areas in West Sumatera 248

ERPINA SANTI MELIANA NADEAK Sodium

  252

• – Diethyldithiocarbamate as A Complex Agent For Preconcentration and Trace Analysis of Cd(II) Based on Flow Injection Analysis

  INDANG DEWATA , EDI NASRA 262 Assessment of Trace Pb (II) in Sludge From Batang Anai River’s Padang

  PUJI ARDININGSIH, LIA DESTIARTI, AFGHANI JAYUSKA

Isolation of Antibacterial Activities of The Endophytic Microbes From Asam 266

Kandis (Garcinia Diocia Blume) RAHADIAN ZAINUL, ADMIN ALIF, HERMANSYAH AZIZ, SYUKRI ARIF, SYUKRI

Photoelectrochemical Splitting Of Water By Photoelectric Induced At Carbon 271

Surface SHERLY KUSUMA WARDA NINGSIH, MIFTAHUL KHAIR, SILVI

  VERONITA

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method with 280

Various Additives SRI BENTI ETIKA, SURYELITA, DEWI RAMADHANI

Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoid From Gambier Plant Leaves 285

(Uncaria Gambir R.) SYAMSU HERMAN, AMUN AMRI

Synthesis of Copper Oxide Thin Film Via Sol-Gel Dip-Coating Route For 288

Spectrally Selective Absorber Material

  ALIZAR ULIANAS Biosensor As Food, Enviromental And Medical Controll 293 Biology Education ANIZAM ZEIN Use of Mind Map in Increasing Student Learning Activities and Results of 299 General Biology Course in FMIPA UNP Padang ERNIE NOVRIYANTI, LUFRI Developing Authentic Assessment for Contextual Teaching and Learning Model 304 at Animal Taxonomy Course HEFFI ALBERIDA Analyzing of Natural Science Teacher Understanding at Padang City About 308 Science Literacy, Problem Solving and Scientific Approach LUFRI, ARDI Development Model Based Learning Concept, Modeling Method and 313 Drill For Course Methodology Research M. HAVIZ The Modern Instructional Design on Educational Research: How to Use the 319 Adaptive Systems on Instructional of Biology MUHYIATUL FADILAH, HELENDRA, FITRI ARSIH Identifying The Misconceptions Relate to Evolution Material Presented in 334 Students Biology Text Book For XII Class RAHMAWATI D Biology Education Student's Acceptance of Evolution Theory Before Learn 339 Evolutionary Course in Biology Department RELSAS YOGICA, RISTIONO Learning Style of First-Year Biology College Students in State University of 345 Padang ZULMARDI, ARNELLIS, ARDI Deepening Matter and Training for Competence Professional and Pedagogic 349

Teachers of Mathematics and Science at Junior and Senior High School

in District Dharmasraya of West Sumatra-Indonesia SALVINA, LUFRI, ZULYUSRI Contextual Approach Based On Lesson Study On Biology Learning To Improve Cognitive Competencies Of VIII.3 Grade Of 353 MTsN Lubuk Buaya Padang Students

  ZULYUSRI, RISTIONO, MEILA FETRI DARMA

Development Of Bilingual Module Nuance Contextual Approach Of Material 357

Movement Systems For Class VIII Students Of SMP Biology ARMEN

Fish Farming of Nila to Against The Population Reliance of Biological 362

Resources at Kerinci Seblat National Park (Tnks) in Nagari Limau Gadang Lumpo, Pesisir Selatan DES M

Pollen Morphometry of Euphorbia Mili Moulins Varieties 370

FIFI YULIA

Management Analysis on Plants Morphology Lab Work in Basic Biology 375

Laboratory of Stain Batusangkar GUSTINA, INDRIATI, RUTH RIZE PAAS MEGAHATI, ANNIKA MAIZELI Identification of Amylase-Producing Bacteria From The Soil of Waste in Padang

  382 MADES FIFENDY

Bacteriological Test Of Some Cooked Grinding Seasonings In The Pasar Raya 385

Padang SYAMSU RIZAL

Tetra Primer-Arms-Pcr Construction to Detect Snp Rs290487 Tcf7l2 390

  VIOLITA, TRIADIATY Floristic Diversity, Abundance and Association of Tree Plant in Bukit 12 394 National Park Jambi.

  YUNI AHDA, ELSA YUNIARTI AND JEFRI CHANDRA TRP64ARG Adrenergic Reseptor ß-3 (ADRB3) GENE POLYMORPHISMS 402 ON TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Minangkabau Ethnics

  Technology and Other

SEPANUR BANDRI

  408 1-Phase Inverter Trigger Pulse Control Design Based Arduino microcontroller in The Hybrid Power Plant Regulator Systems BUDI UTAMI FAHNUN, LELY PRANANINGRUM, WINOKO DAVID CHRISTOFEL

  412 Geographical Information System Handycraft Application Based on Mobile in Depok City CHOIRUL HUDA SUBARYANTO, RENDY WIKRAMA WARDANA

  422 The Technique Of Variable Projection and Rules of Temple Area in Operation of Series DEDY HARTAMA, JALALUDIN

Model Rules of Student Academic Achievement With The Algorithm C 4.5 430

ERWINSYAH SATRIA

Improving Students Activities and Learning Outcomes in Natural Science in 434

Class V by Using Somatic Auditory Visual Intellectual (SAVI) with Science Kit Seqip in SD Negeri 25 Seroja Lintau HASANUDDIN HENDRI NURDIN, WASKITO, SYAHRUL

Design and Contructions of Simple Distilations Unit With Reflux Column Model 441

For Cane Tibarau (Saccarum Spontaneous Linn) Bioethnol Productions HENDRI NURDIN HASANUDDIN, IRZAL, PURWANTONO

Analysis of Behavior Deflection Composite Particle Board Cane Baggase Using 448

Adhesives Tapioca LELYA HILDA, SYAFIRUDDIN, REPLITA

Integrated Farming, Creating Zero Waste Environment 451

RINA SUGIARTI, ANITA WASUTININGSIH, EGA HEGARINI

Geographic Information System Web-Based on Creative Industry in West 455

Sumatera SALMAINI S

Development Of Mathematics Instructional Model Based Assisted Contextual Ict 462

In High School SYUHENDRI Physics Education Students

  468 ’ Conceptions On Active Forces and Action-Reaction Pairs

  

TRP64ARG ADRENERGIC RESEPTOR ß-3 (ADRB3) GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON TYPE 2

DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN MINANGKABAU ETHNICS]

Yuni Ahda, Elsa Yuniarti and Jefri Chandra

  Biology Departement State University of PadangWest Sumatera Indonesia

  

ABSTRACT

  Various genes have been reported to be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world, one of them is ß - Adrenergic Receptor 3 (ADRB3). The objective of this study was to observe the relationship between ADRB3 gene polymorphism with the insidence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Minangkabau ethnic. Trp64Arg polymorphism was analyzed by PCR – RFLP. Insulin hormone concentration was measured by ELISA. The frequency of polymorphism was analyzed using Chi – Square. The patient's clinical biochemical data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The patient's genotype frequencies found were: Trp/Trp (31.66 %), Trp/Arg (10.66 %) and Arg/Arg (51.66 %). Genotype frequencies in healthy people were Trp/Trp (12.76 %), Trp/Arg (21.72 %) and Arg/Arg ( 65.95 % ). The Arg allele was dominant in patients and controls. The data of clinical biochemical parameters were significantly different in fasting blood sugar and HDL among genotypes. Trp64Arg polymorphism frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Minangkabau ethnic was not statistically different when compared to healthy people.

  Index Terms—Trp64Arg polymorphism, Gene ADRB3, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the methabolic diseases marked by hyperglichemia caused by insulin secretion disfunction, insulin activities, or both (American Diabetes Association, 2006). International Diabetes Federation estimated 285 million people suffered from diabetes. Based on the causes, diabetes mellitus is classified into type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Gestasional diabetes (GD). The patients of T2DM are the most frequent among all types of DM, i.e 90-95% (Tama et al., 2011). T2DM is a type of diabetes caused by glucose metabolism disfungtion that can be characterized by hiperglichemia and no response on insuline from time to time (Petznick, 2013). The negative impact of T2DM are complication on patients. For example coroner heart disease, kidney disfunction, blindness, and paralysis. The patients can not be recovered totally, but can be controlled however (Hadi, 2005).

  Various researches on epidemiology showed an increase tendency on incidency and prevalence of tipe 2 DM in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) predicted the increase in numbers of diabetes patients in Indonesia from 8.4 millions in 2000 and will become 21.3 millions in 2030. From various studies in Indonesia done in 1980s showed prevalence range of tipe 2 DM 0.8% - 6.1% in Tanah Toraja and Manado. The reports in period of 1980 to 2000 showed the significant increase on prevalence. An example in Jakarta (urban area), prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 1.7% in 1982 became 5.7% in

  1993 and incrased to become 12.8% in 2001(WHO, 2011 in PERKENI, 2011). Other than the increase in DM prevalence, a report on Health Basic Research in 2007, also informed about diabetes mellitus in age group of 45-54 years old in urban area was the second rank of death cause ( 14.7%), and in rural area it was the 6th rank ( 58 %) (Kemenkes, 2009).

  Type 2 DM can be caused by genetic and environmental factors such as age and unhealthy life. Mutation in certain genes could promote development of tipe 2 DM directly or indirectly. Mutated genes could be used as a marker for tipe 2 DM disease. Various genes have been reported to involve in development of tipe 2 DM in the world. One of them is Adrenergic Receptor ß-3 (ADRB3) gene (Othman, 2006).

  ADRB3 is a gene involved in lipolisis regulation, termogenesis in adiposa tissue and it affects insuline secrtion by pankreatic cells (Clement et al., 1995; Perfetti et al., 2001) and also manage energy use and some body’s weight (Motoyama et al., 1997 in Othman, 2006). ADRB3 gene can undergo polimorfism which can affect the function ADRB3 gene. Polymorphism of ADRB3 gene causes insuline syndrome resistence (Kawamura et al., 1997 cit. Othman, 2006). This occurs when body has excess of fats in muscles, and it can cause availability of much saturated fatty acid for VLDL synthesis in liver. As a rsult fat composition in skeleton muscle membrane changes and concentration of trigliserid in muscle increases. This condition causes body to decrease to

  ICOMSET Biology

1. INTRODUCTION

  absorbe saturated fatty acid by increasing insuline resistence in skeleton muscle.

  2

  ICOMSET Biology

  Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length

  Analysis of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism gene was conducted using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase

  

2.

Restriction of Adrenergic Receptor ß-3 (ADRB3) Gene

  M=Marker 100 bp DNA ladder, 1-7 = samples

  Figure 1. PCR product of ADRB3 gene (605 bp).

  Amplification of ADRB3 gene using specific primer F: 5’ –CCA ATA CCG CCA ACA CCA GT- 3’ and R: 5’ –GTA GAC GAA GAG CAT CAC GAG AAG- 3’ was successfully done, resulted a single DNA fragment 605 bp (Fig. 1).

  3.1 Results

1.

Amplification of Adrenergic Receptor ß-3 (ADRB3) Gene

  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

  ) and one-way ANOVA.

  Data were analysed using Chi Square (χ

  Polymorphism studied was Trp64Arg polymorphism where the guanin base is changed by cytocine that cause triptophan amino acid to be substituted by arginin (Othman, 2006). Takeuchi (2012) indicated that Trp64Arg polymorphism has three genotypes i.e. Trp/Trp, Arg/Arg, and Trp/Arg. Study conducted by Walston (2000) on Caucasian, African-American, Asian and Hispanic, indicated that individuals with homozygot Arg genotipes secreted lower insuline compared to the ones with Trp homozygot, while heterozigot (Trp/Arg) individuals was on the middle position.

  2.4 Data Analisys

  Analysis of Biochemical Clinics Analysis of insulin hormone of patients was done using ELISA technique based on available protocol (Sigma Aldrich, 2013). Checking the complete cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and trygliceride of patients was done in M Jamil General Hospital and BAPELKES Padang.

  , elongation time was extended for 10 minutes. Amplification was run using primer: forward 5’ –CCA ATA CCG CCA ACA CCA GT- 3’ and reverse 5’ –GTA GAC GAA GAG CAT CAC GAG AAG- 3’. PCR product was digested by PfIMI (Van911) restriction enzyme.

  th

  Amplification was done for 35 cycles, denaturation at 94 C for 1 minute, annealing at 60 °C for 45 seconds and elongation at 72 °C for 90 seconds. On the last cycle, the 35

   2.3 PCR-RFLP

  Isolation of DNA genom was conducted using wizard genomic DNA purification kit from Promega based on available protocol.

  2.2 DNA genom Isolation

  Sixty patients of type 2 DM were sampled in M. Jamil General Hospital Padang with the criteria: donors were the indigenous of Minangkabau proven from the two previous generations, and they were willing to give their blood. Control samples fullfiled criteria: donors were indigenous of Minangkabau who did not suffer from DM and should not have the history of DM proven from two previous generations and they were willing to contribute their blood.

  Trp64Arg polymorphism also relates to biochemical status of population clinics. Yang et al. (2009) concluded that in Chiness society, Trp64Arg polymorphism related to trigliserida, HDL, LDL, cholestrol, and adiponectin levels. On the other study Oizumi et al. (2001) stated that Trp64Arg did not have an affect on data of biochemical clinics of Tipe 2 DM patients in Japaness ethnic. From several results of researches it has been shown that ethnique affects the relationship of ADRB3 Trp64Arg gene polymorphism with tipe 2 DM status of patient biochemical. The objective of research was to determine wether incidence of type 2 DM in Minangkabau ethnic related to ADRB3 Trp64Arg gene polymorphism. This research was very important to be conducted because of high percentage of Minagkabau ethnic suffering from type 2 DM.

  There have been many studies on relationship between Trp64Arg polymorphism with the incidence of type 2 DM. Hameed et al., (2013) concluded that there was relationship between Trp64Arg polymorphism with tipe 2 DM in Kasmir ethnic. However, Isbir (2007) reported there was no relationship between Trp64Arg polymorphism and type 2 DM in Turky ethnic.

2. RESEARCH METODE

2.1 Sampling

  2

  1

  3

  1 27,2

  Sampl es Trp/Trp Trp/Arg Arg/Arg Total f o fe f o

  Fe f o Fe Fo Fe

  Type

  2 DM patien ts

  9 14,0

  47 Total

  2 1 11,2

  2

  3

  1 34,7

  7

  60

  47

  2

  8 1 8,78 3

  7 P>0,05; there is no significant different; fo = observed frequency; fe = expected frequency Based on Table 2, it is known that there is no significant different in the frequency of genotypes of patients and non-patients. However, there is a tendency that Trp/Trp genotype is higher in patients than non-patients (Table 1). It is interesting tobe checked in bigger samples whether Trp/Trp genotype correlated to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Minangkabau ethnic.

  Polymorphisme ) method and retriction enzyme PfIMI (Van911)-(Thermo Scientific).

  Figure 2. Electroforegram of digested PCR product.

  There are three genotypes in electroforegram i.e.: Trp/Trp (605 pb, well 1), Arg/Arg (482 pb, dan 123 pb, well 2, 3, and 6), Trp/Arg (605, 482 and 123 bp, well 5 and 7) (M=marker, 100 bp DNA ladder)

  Figure 2 showes the digested PCR product using PfIMI enzyme. Homozygous Trp/Trp had one fragment of DNA (605 bp). Homozygous Arg/Arg consisted of two fragments of DNA (482 pb and 123 pb), while heterozygous Trp/Arg had three fragments of DNA (605 pb, 482 pb, and 123 pb).

  ICOMSET Biology

  Table 3. Data of Biochemical Clinics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

  10

  5

  7

  10

  62

  2

  6

  20

  25

  60 Contr ol 6 10,9

3. Frequency of Adrenergic Receptor ß-3 (ADRB3) Trp64Arg Gene Polymorphism in Patients of type 2 DM and Non-Patients

• Trp/Ar g

  HDL (mg/dL)

  00 50,767

  Arg/Ar g 156,4

  81 61,757

  Total cholestrol (mg/dL)

  Trp/Trp 221,7

  00 45,978 0,109

  Trp/Ar g 217,3

  33 15,885

  Arg/Ar g 228,2

  40 52,469

• Trp/Ar g

  Trp/Trp 50,28 23,097 41,541

  92 97,878 4,547

  43,66

  7 3,786

  Arg/Ar g 48,84

  6 13,534

  LDL (mg/dL)

  Trp/Trp 142,2

  50 42,874 0,09

  Trp/Ar g 14,00

  1 21,932

  Sample of patients and non-patients were classified into three groups based on their genotypes. ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism gene had three genotypes i.e. Trp/Trp, Arg/Arg, and Trp/Arg. Table 2 shows frequency of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism gene in two groups of Minangkabau ethnic. Table 1. The Frequency of Genotypes and Alleles of ADRB3 Gene

  131,0

  The frequency of Arg was higher than Trp allele either in patients or non patients groups. Three genotypes were found either in patients or in non- patients. Frequency of genotype was obtained based on comparison as in Table 2. Table 2. Frequency of Genotype based on Chi Square

  5% Trp=0,2 3395 Arg=0,7 6585

  2 DM patie nts

  1 65,9

  3

  6% 1 21,2 7%

  Non- patie nts 6 12,7

  6% Trp=0,3 999 Arg=0,5 999

  1 51,6

  3

  6% 1 10,6 6%

  9 31,6

  1

  N % N % N % Type

  Fasting blood sugar content (mg/dL)

  Allele Trp/Trp Trp/Arg Arg/Arg

  Sam ples Genotypes Frequen cy of

  Biochimi cal Clinics

  Genoty pe Mean Standar t

  Deviati on Calculat ed f value

  Insuline hormone (µIU/ml)

  Trp/Trp 6,549 5,196 1,242 Trp/Ar g

  7,793 6,424 Arg/Ar g

  13,95

  3 19,113

  Trp/Trp 226,6 Arg/Ar g 148,5

  60 47,940

  2

  ICOMSET Biology

  Minangkabau ethnic, Trp64Arg polymorphism only related to fasting blood sugar content and HDL. Patients with Trp/Trp genotype had higher content of fasting blood sugar and HDL compared to patients with other genotype. Trp64Arg polymorphism did not

  adiponectin level. However, in type 2 DM patients in

  the same as the one found by Yang et al. (2009) in Chiness community, that Trp64Arg polymorphism related to trigliserida, HDL, LDL, colestrol, and

  Density Lipoprotein (HDL). This result was almost

  Result of analysis on biochemical klinic status of type 2 DM patients using one-way ANOVA, indicated that there was relation statistically on parameter of fasting blood sugar (GDR) and High

  sampling ) more women were found compared to men..

  . Over all the frequency of type 2 DM sufferers was higher on men compared to women. However, based on numbers more women suffered from type 2 DM than men. This could be a reason in some studies which indicated that type 2 DM sufferers was dominated by women because in sampling (purposive

  Adult men have a high risk to suffer from diabetes mellitus compared to women. Women have a higher risk to suffer from diabetes mellitus when they gain too much weight, while on men with the increase of weigh smaller than women can increase the risk to suffer from DM. Different result was obtained from this research. Frequency of women suffered was higher than men. Out of 60 patients diabetes mellitus, 39 women suffered with frequency 65% and 21 men suffered with frequency 35%. The frequency of men and women suffered from type 2 DM was significantly different. The same results were also found by Wicaksono (2011) in Semarang society, Rangkuti (2011) in Medan society and Ekpenyong et al. (2011) in Nigeria population, that women had higher risk to be suffered from type 2 DM

  Relationship between ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphysm gene with clinic biochemical status of type 2 DM patients was obtained by analyzing some clinic parameters as shown in Tabel 4. Tabel 4 showed the comparison between biochemical clinic data of patients with different genotypes. The clinic parameters that showed the significant differences among the three genotypes were fasting blood sugar (GDR) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Patients with Trp/Trp genotype had higher average of fasting blood sugar content compared to other genotypes. Individuals with Trp/Trp genotype had lower average of insuline hormone compared to Arg/Arg dan Trp/Arg genotypes. The highest HDL content was individual Trp/Trp genotype followed by Arg/Arg and Trp/Arg genotypes. It was also known that the frequency of Arg alel was lower in non-patients compared to type 2 DM patients. Widen et al. (1995) also proved that there was no significant difference on frequency of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphysm gene between type 2 DM patients and non-patients in Finland community. The different result was found by Hameed et al., (2013), that there was relationship between Trp64Arg polymorphism with the incidence of type 2 DM in Kasmir community. So, in certain populations Trp64Arg polymorphysm did not have relation to the incidence of type 2 DM, one of them was in Minangkabau etnic.

  (5,99). This indicated that the frequency of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polimorfisme gene between type 2 DM patients and non-patients in Minangkabau ethnic was not statistically different. Besides that, ADRB3 Trp64Arg polimorfisme gene did not relate to the incidence of type 2 DM in Minangkabau ethnic. This was in accordance with result of research done by Othman (2006) who concluded that ADRB3 Trp64Arg polimorfisme gene did not relate to the incidence of type 2 DM in Malay community. However, the polymorphysm related to the incidence of type 2 DM if it was synergized with several other genes. Isbir (2007) also found that Trp64Arg gene polymorphysm did not relate to type 2 DM in Turkey community.

  2

  (5,22) was smaller than the tabled value of χ

  Result of genotype analysis on ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphysm gene between type 2 DM patients (60 persons) and non-patients (47 persons), showed that calculated value of i χ

  Trigliseri da (mg/dL)

  and Arg in Japaness community did not follow Hardy-Weinberg either. The frequency of genotype Trp/Trp was higher (68,5%) than others in group patients and non-patients.

  et al. (2001) also found that comparison of alel Trp

  Data in Table 2 shows the comparison among the three genotypes, homozigot Trp/Trp and Arg/Arg, and heterozigot Trp/Arg. Homozigot Arg/Arg was found more frequently in the two groups sampled. This indicated that comparison of alele Trp and Arg on patients and non-patients did not follow Hardy- Weinberg law. Hassanein et al.(2009) also concluded that comparison of alel Trp and Arg in Mesir (Egypt) sosiety did not follow Hardy-Weinberg law and sample with genotype Arg/Arg was not found. The frequency of genotype heterozigot Trp/Arg was higher in non-patients compared to patients. Oizumi

  Discussion

  hitung lebih tinggi dibanding f tabel

  High Density Lipoprotein (kolestrol baik); * = nilai f

  Mean = rata- rata; Nilai f tabel = 3,35; α = 0,05; LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein (kolestrol jahat); HDL =

  54 96,537

  Arg/Ar g 154,6

  33 21,362

  Trp/Ar g 164,3

  67 59,552 0,45

  Trp/Trp 124,6

4. Data Biokimia Klinis Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

  relate to the content of insulin hormone, total colestrol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and trigliseride in type 2 DM patients in Minangkabau ethnic.

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  Turkey population. Adv Mol Med 3(2); 85-88.

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  13 Oct;17(10):775-9. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0297.

  R.A. Bhaat, and B.A. Ganai. 2013. Trp homozygotes at codon 64 of ADRB3 gene are protected against the risk of type 2 diabetes in the kashmiri population.

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  Different result was found by Oizumi et al. (2001) that Trp64Arg did not have effect on data of biochemical clinics (blood sugar content, HDL, LDL, total colestrol, trigliseride and insulin hormone) of type 2 DM patients in Jepaness. It could be concluded that ethnic has an effect on the relation of Trp64Arg ADRB3 gene polymorphism with biochemical status of type 2 DM patients.

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  5. REFERENCES

  2. Status of biochemical clinic of type 2 DM patients of Minangkabau ethnic based on fasting blood sugar and HDL parameters, related to ADRB3 gen Trp64Arg polymorphysm. Patients with Trp/Trp genotype had higher fasting blood sugar content compared to other genotypes. The highest content of HDL was in individuals with Trp/Trp genotype followed by individuals with Arg/Arg and Trp/Arg genotypes.

  Frequency of ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphyism in type 2 DM patients of Minangkabau ethnic was not statistically different from non-patients (p>0,05).

  Result of data analysis using one-way ANOVA concluded that there was no significant different on insulin hormone content in three different genotypes. However, individuals with Arg/Arg genotypes had higher insuline hormone content (13,953 µIU/ml) compared to ones with Trp/Trp (6,549 µIU/ml) and Trp/Arg (7,793 µIU/ml) genotypes. Walston (2000) studied in Caucasian, African-American, Asian and Hispanic communities, indicated that individuals with Arg/Arg genotype secreted lower insuline compared to individuals with Trp/Trp. Individuals with Trp/Trp genotype secreted the highest insuline and followed by those with Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes.

  A research done by Sargowo et al. (2010) to determine the role of ADRB3 gene with methabolic syndrome on youth, concluded that the youth having ADRB3 gene that has undergone polymorphysm, have risk of metabolic syndrome 4,4 folds higher than the ones having gene with the code which has not undergone polymorphysm. Metabolic syndrome is a term used for group of risk factors of heart disease and type 2 DM. The youth with metabolic syndrome have higher colestrol content than normal youth. It could be assumed that ADRB3 Trp64Arg gene polymorpyism causes higher colestrol content.

  VLDL in liver. Fat composition in membrane of muscle scheleton changes and concentration of trigliseride in muscle increases. This condition causes the body to decrease absorption of saturated fatty acid by increasing insuline resistence in muscle scheleton.

  According to Othman (2006) relation between Trp64Arg polymorphism and biochemical clinic status was Trp64Arg polymorphism could cause insuline resistence syndrome. This could happen if body has excess of fat in muscle chronically, so there is much saturated fatty acid available for the synthesis

4. CONCLUSIONS 1.

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