Seismic Microzonation of Semarang, Indonesia, Based on Site Response Analysis due to Lasem Fault Earthquake - Diponegoro University | Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR)
lseism ic M icro zonation of
Semarang, Indonesia, Based
I
n Site Response Analysis due
to Lasem Fault Earthquake
Windu Partono
Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani
Masyhur lrsyam
Syamsul Maarif
Strmtegy €*n
Earthquake
{\ffi
itigatioe"x
Human has to be protected
FEMA
ry potential in resulting huge
ster
nnot be predicted accurately:
en, where, and the size
Tsunami
i'.,l1.ri.1.
't
nnot be avoided
Earthquake Resistance
Buildings + lnfrastructures
@
Landside
(big)
Liquefaction
Avoid
Avoid/ Resist
Buildings+lnfrastructures have to be
designed to resist earthquake loads
Background
The tectonic environment for Semarang is
quite similar to that of Yogyakarta, in that
there is an active fault near both cities. The
2oo5 Yogyakarta earthquake of 63 Mw
caused by Yogyakarta fault was an
;€?rthquake that caused thousands of
casualties in Yogyakarta.
Background
ffPeH" Fqa:l*
..- .'
----."-..'*..,.
llnashai et al. (zoo7)
-'*
.'-
'.'
'.
;
'':
[eak Ground Acceteration (PGA) at Bedrock S,
tYogyakarta)
I
Baekgroumd
Distribution of Houses Damage due to Yogya Earthquake
)rovince and District
'osvakarta Province
lantul
: e ffiOfl
lunung Kidul
Totally Destroyed
ulonprogo
Total (Buildings)
88,249
98,343
46,753
33,137
186,592
79,890
L4,801
34,231
49,032
1,5,07L
17
,967
3,591
33,038
9,417
L6,zLO
4,831
6,793
cevakarta CitV
Damaged
8,422
lentral Java
" aten
::kohario
68,4L5
103,689
L72,LO4
65,849
too,8L7
L66,666
1,185
488
t,673
laeelane
499
729
L,228
E:rworeio
1.44
760
904
7L5
825
L,540
23
70
93
t56,664
202,A32
358,696
Ioyolali
onogiri
:tal (Buildings)
,
:lnashai et
al
.,2oo7)
Background
Learning from the Yrgyakarta earthquake,
the city of Semarang with adiacent Lasem
fault requires a comprehensive seismic
microzonation studies for hazard mitigation
and disaster preparedness.
Strategy for Earthquake Mitigation:
'Continuous Updatlmg of SessmEe hEazard fuTap
to aceount l\ew Earthquake Data and
TechRolngy".
Continr^Eous Updating:
#*n ffimw ffix€m amd Yeehn*E*gy
t* =ee**rtft
:t \\5r\ii. a"til!'\{ 1\.1 \\ ]i!-, \ll\\1\
L\ILl!
{,1
\ll'\
5Ii{i LIt H lr.!t(,t"\.!a{",t lll\('
!\l
. l::rr
- l,lll-a
T&la {nr& Fereflc&nea!} kelahnnan 0efilpa
uniu* $1fijktilr li{}ngunan Siedunff dsn netr ggdung
:: iied from
lrsyam 2o15
.,:::,:':= Earthquake Zone - 1
Earthquake Zone -
2
Earthquake Zone - 3
Earthquake Zone - 5
Earthquake Zone - 4
Earlhquake Zone - 6
I
The znd Seismic Hazard Map
SN!-e3-t726-zooz)
F!*:"!=*-t eE ?*ak &rousrd ,&eeeEerat**xt at berfn*e k 5*
tar sa% in 5o years (t5ao years)
I
I
0.03
.Vrlayah
' lr^,.-L.
:\d\.'a'
I
g
n
u 1:-i' 9.-.
., 1Z n
Wilayah
\llil:r'=
h
',.i,'ilauai-r
SHe*fl. tJEs[*r: 3***, (*rx"m6ct**
Design
Live
E.,-nnA-nta
t-/\t-EELtClt
I
2/o
Risk of Collapse:
i
l
''.J.,
I'l
1i
v,av
1.
I
i
I
I
_ t
-'
,6j
0,30 g
un
c{ara FH&.rtr4 u73
Earthquake Level
tLr;
10% :
1%
I
./-u g
,.:\
Probability of
20%
i0 years
I
lmmediate Oeeupancy
I
ffi
t-
(Rare-rit*q,irL*)
Neae'eoEEapse
(Very Rare Eae"thquake
Near Collapse
(Very Rare Earthquake)
I
Sl{lr9E3
Nl zooz
loo years
"{VTe
E*:r
- Fnh z,5e@ ycars +
EEe zoog
- UEEEE"ETIEFTISEE€
MCE. + MCE***:
- Probabilistie +
-
Deterrninistic
+
Slr!l eorz
ASCE zoto
't4CE: Maximum Considered Earthquake
\1CE*: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earth
Frobabilistie maps:
o
'.to0
50 years
. 200
" 500
BuiEd!s:g
Fragility
ASeE-zoto: Risk of
Collapse is"t%in 50 yrs
Modifiedfrom lrsyam zol5
|
Peak Ground Acceleration (pGA)
at Bedrock S.D
(MCE6 _ SNt
t7a6::orz)
SI{l1726:!St2
,irai r,.ar, I
..,.,-..---.-.-. ,,;,..:.,:t,i-.:j.i:,ar.r.
{!:isri:1rtr,1
,ri::
'
..j",i
'_: :r.:
i-.:,r-.
._.j
.:
tr,.i6*W+.e,3.rl,
i!::t,ai::,:!
,..r.,
iil-j.;,r,.
.'.='.
il:,.f,r-awE3,rl}!
n 7 t.g,J j:.:,,a,,..1 I i.." :B
:Yi:!'"1
i lll:::-..' .'..,'- . : --... '.:..,..,....; .,.:,,.,
:-,. .-;.,
,
SpectralAcceleration (o.z s) at Bedrack
S*
(MCER o.zs / SS * SNt i7z6:zorz) "
l
Stll 1726:i012
I
I
I
I
€;
i;!8r4,:{iF r5r . rnCE..)
u.-*
*n o,:{n re#,. s,./,-6:rrn ,r r?,.a*
Iru, :!
""-l*
t|:,:, | ', ij 'r. ! ,',..11;, r,.:. ., , -
G
.{5t
'lD:r-r:tr:
tla.tl:!
,;t".:;_*t
f:.iji::,
;r-:!;
'r.,
:: 1:,SI*,c:r4ffi
1,ii-i1isffi
r:1..ri,riffiS'
:..::"
II.
r;Iffi:r;.,31
*--
r,,,rr,,]
. I
,, ..!,',w.
,., 65 . .1,:
.
f;llit$I".'"
i:i*Ii*:*,
..'',
.,
l^
,..
Spectral Acceleration (l s) at Bedrock S*
il\4CER rs I Sr
* 5N! r7z6::et:)
.,;l 1726:2012
Sennanang City
:
MCEo:0.39-0.59
MCEn 0.2s : 0.89
-
1.5 g
MGERfs:0.39*G.59
TIre city of Semaramg with
adiacent Lasem fault requires a
eomprehensEve se6ssm Ee
mrcrozr@nation studies for hazard
mitigation and disasten
l
'
r
preparedness
for RevfisiCIn of Seisrn[e
Hazard Maps of lrndCImesfim z*$ffi]
(Teal@
l
I
I
According to the Technical committee on
earthquake geotechnical engineering of the
lnternational society of soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering (Te4-tssMG E, lggg)
mierozonation study is generally reeognized
as one of the effective method to perform
seismic h azard assessment and risk
evaluation which is defined as the zone
distribution within an area with respect to
ground motion characteristics by taking into
account earthquake source and local site
e
GrTd[tEons
seismic microzonation study is one of the
effective method to perform rf;sk evaEumt$mm
of existing bu[!di*g stnuetures due €m
improvement of th" nitional code by taking
into account building fragility
e seismic microzonation is graded based on
the scale of the investigation and method of
ground motion assessment
and divided into 4 steps (TC+-LSSMGE,7gg9) :
1. Evaluation of the expected input motion
at bedrock elevation
z. Local site effects and ground response
analysis (site specific analysis)
3. Seism ic h azar d m icro zonation
he seismic mtcrozonation methodology and
vel of study for Semarang city is performed
according to Te +-ISSIVIGE (rggg).
Seismic mlerozonation study fmr Semffiramg
ity requires input parameters regardf,mg the
seismic hazard, depth of engineering
bedrock, geotechnical condition and
parametersr ground water level and ground
response analysis.
The seismic microzonation process study for
this area (presents) is divided into 3 steps:
1. Evaluation of the expected input motion
at bedrock elevation
Local site effects and ground response
analysis (site specific analysis)
Seismic hazard microzonation
j.
Methodology of Seisrnic
Seism ic M ierozorTmttom
Methodology of Seismic Hazard
and
Seismic Microzonation
6. PGA, spectral acceleration, time
histories at ground surface
5.
ldentification of
".
Site Response Analysis
4. Development of PGA,
Response Spectra and Ground
Motion At Bedrock Elevation
5eismic Sources
epicenter, geometry
3. Seismic hazard
Calculation
and Mechanism)
z. Selection
of
Attenuation
Fumetion
I asie {*neept of
SEte ffiespor:se '&r:a,ysis
Newtonrt
2nd
Law:
l-l=[T!XEl
Motion at BuildEr:g
T ------->
Motion at Surface ptlfit'rq Ground Surface
""'l'"
T
+
I
l
I
I
+
I
I
Soil D{nosits
I
t
I
Motion at Bedrock
i'
ed from lrsyam 2or5
Ground Surface
I
LaYer
VS1
o
o
o
lr
o
,ll
l{o
c)
o
I
'l 1,.'.":
,,
Layer n
VSn
I
,
1
r
3'
':'O', ,,:,.
o?i
.a;
g 0J.
ul_
ai ur
ti'r
oP
,,O.'
ol
I
I
,
'. ,'.''.,'
:":
I
:.1
\...
Bedrock Elevation with VS ) 760nr/sl
,
.Ground lVlotion from real Earthquake (tasem Fault)
.Modified ground motion (from world wide ground motion data)
should be matched with (seismicity condition of Lasem Fault
Earthquake)
Select
Terms o
H
Motion in
ion Time
nario M
Spectral
Matching
Analysis
Calcula
for sp
due
&
Lasemt
ol-arget Spectral
earthquake
1 anb R1
Dimodifikasi dari lrsyam 2011
Data
Reetruirements
for
site response
analysis
.il'j
1.
2.
Earthquake data
Geologieal and geotechmiea!
data ineludimg bedroek
elevation and soil deposit
profile
3,
Ground nnotion in terms of
acceleration tirne histories at
bedrock elevation
Earthquke epicenters data from
igoo-2oo9 in a Radius of 5oo Km
trom Sernarang and Position of
Lasem Fault Trace
I
l
rl
$Ji
i
5i
c€3 -
litrr*iiei
:
flr+::,,a*rrd i+!trr,:"
e S-5.?
i!.,t!'.,1
6 i3'.r.4
€* 5.r. s
@,:,:
;'r
lrra';rtJi+r: !+rfa ia i:{r.:
r i:1 .:l
a ti'a:
e 5:i ; r
I
ziqc
l
l*
Y*
t,'
rvroairiei
geological
''
map
.ffi
e;
,
Geological Forntalion
lllTnl Xatigetas Fornration (Vulcanic Breccia)
Arldesite Horenlrlet)da
- Codstal Plain {Aluviutn Foilnation)
]illm
)i7..1fi
Aantar Formation (Sand Stono)
ffi Kalitrerrlng Formatlon (Napal with sandstonei
ffi Keiek Foilnation (Clay Slorlei
j ffiS oaianmungkur Formation (Andesite)
fi--Tjl Jon gkong For rtratioll (Br ec cia,
ffi haligesik Formation iBasaltl
]
!.1{
li(l:'.-a i'Sili ia
i i!r..ilit
32
l
i
i
lncomplete information
of Bedrock Formation
and elevatlon fon the
study area
33
190 boring locations
with minimum 30 meter depth.
'1.d
E
,90 boring locations
with minimum 30 meter depth'
I
Soil Properties and N-SPT data
11
218
0'29
test locations
I
'tra
d
a
t^
-o
^ ^^^ a
*i
i " o"
i^o^u^.o
.- a.
^
A
AI
iaAr
i.
L^4*
Aaa4&
_
a
M{
*AS;
d.a
Ad
^aa
a
AA
^l'
alI
ala
A
aAra
AA
I
A,A
-A
Kab. Demak
i
Example of
three
components
ambient
vibrations
recordings
(NS, EW V)
I
3B
PnedietE*n of
FredEeti*n of
ffieeEn*ak
ffieds"*cH{
2A-
EEevat6*s'r
.'', s€ > ,-flrs ot-t/e \
*-*,wu"i.ldt
z-
Z
I
0-'l
-
/-
alF'o
.S
,-.
[: EesexLi;qJgt
flvs > ?** mls}
40-
E_
\b
\,t
ry9
I
I
- bu-
L
0.6
Vs ="760 m/s
Frequency (Hz)
1
Sumber Gempa
lmperial Valley (10/ slt979)
lmperialValley (10/ sne19)
Irnperial Valley (10/ sltele)
ImperialValley (10/ slt979)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24fi987)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24n987)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24t1981)
Superstition Hills ( 1 1241t981)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 91201 1999)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 9 120/ 1999)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 9 l20l 1999)
2
No
1
2
a
J
4
5
6
,7
8
9
0
Station
El Centro Array #8
M
R (Km)
6.53
3.86
Chrhuahua
6.53
7.29
Ei Centro An'ay #11
El Centro Aray #12
Parachute Test Site
6.53
12.56
6.s3
t7.94
6.54
0.95
Superstition Mtn Camera
6.s4
5.61
Westmorland Fire Sta
6.s4
13.03
El Centro Imp. Co. Cent
6.54
t8.2
CHY074
6.2
6.02
CHYOSO
6.2
12.44
6.2
Kobe Japan (111611995)
CHY028
Kobe University
6.9
t7.63
0.9
J
Kobe Japan (111611995)
Nishi-Akashi
6.9
7.08
4
Kobe Japan (111611995)
Amagasaki
6.9
1r.34
5
Kobe Japan
Fukushima
6.9
17.85
6
Victoria Mexico (619 I 1980)
Victoria Mexico (619 I 1980)
Victoria Mexico (6/9 I 1980)
Victoria Hospital Sotano
Cerro Prieto
6.33
6.07
6.33
13.8
Chrhuahua
6.33
18.s3
7
8
(lll6lt995)
ground motions (acceleration time histonies) due to shallow
crustal fault earthquake source used for site response analysis
Five
ISMD data
Example of ground motion (acceleration time histories) due to
shallow crustal fault earthquake (Lasem Fault source) calculated
using response spectral matching
Unscaled dan Scaled Ground Motion From Kobe Earthquake 6.9 Mw Distance 17.85 l(rn
0.25
0.15
-Q.1
ID
.Eot
G
o^
(u
Itr
-fios
-0.1
Unscalled: original ground motion
Sca ed: m*difBed gr'**md sn=;:t[*>E=
* x r :: i a t * # i,i !*r € s € r-:'n i,' & i ::'i a e e l-: i rc,p;
=
fi
:
E
40
F3
5A
T'irme {see}
Geolog8cffiE ffiffid
GeotechmEcaE
lnvestigatfCIm
Results
:
=
=
=
-
;
t0'
--
"-
lrr.'F!
:?oo
'€,
i -l i.,ri.
LrliriSHl€Lfl:riflHl
:,rf.i.
t3 boring
measurements
iFri.b L!tL]1tH:
L.i !rBHl
io15;34"61c'l
l.l liBH:d. 4'i ---..
r,Et I
v
i{tsri}
i'i for bedrock
b';'qr3d:
sii
1
-:
.::H
I
:
111'34'
13 boring locations for Shear Wave measurements.
ffixample Borir"rg
Log at
Mulawarman
i,.
(Ternbalang) :5it*i:ffi
(sand stone at
14 - 30 meter
with N-SPT o 6o)
elevation
verifieatioqt.
1
.,.ri::,.::,
.
:i:d
Shear wave velocity
test for rock sample
47
Bedrock depth predtctiom
geological data.
asxd
I
I
I
I
Geological Fotmation
[f[T[T] Kal i getas Formati ort (Vulcanic Brec ci a]
E
[ilIlli1Tlll
Arrclesite Horetrblenda
Co
astal
Pl ai rr ( Alu
viuni
F
or nrati on ]
Fornration iSand Stone!
Kaliberring Forniatiot.t (Napal with sa,.!dstone)
flffiffi Kerek Folmation (Clay Stone]
TffiDantar
ffi
Bffi
Gajahmurlgkur Formation {Andesite}
W
Kaligesik Fonnatiorl {Basait}
f1$il Jongkotrg Fornratiot.t (Brecciai
Seismic
MicrozCInation
Results
Distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at ground surface aeeording to SNI !726:2ALZ
loo
z'od
PGA
E
=
Distribution of peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at ground surface due
earthquake with maximum magnitude 5.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 km
110'20'
1
\
sea
-
-t---/
City of
tr-
^
.ATENGAH>'
BARA; sg41ttlc
sEl{APLr,o
s.r,,
,-rt
t VC
\jqu /aN
.
E
'i E
C I
--4
L
GENUK
F_
Sernarang
O.4
'Y
n(-/*
sruffio
_uGU
/
Lasem Fault
10"25',
"+,;:t---=
--__sJ*>*$!Ht
s\
Java
to
Hi
7'00
s.,
-ql4/r
AAJAH
lvluNGKUR
')
(11
alruilSnRt
-'"'':r'_
O'
:-
\)
:I
\
7'5'
,1
PGA Surfadp (g)
[]
o.r - oiz
tlE
i
l\
!i
trj \r\(a^r
0.2 - 0'I30.3 - 0.4 !0.4 - 0.5
\.
*-
a
.-i
\
/
'F
--'
\
11A'25'.
114'20
1
53
10'30'
Fault earthquake
with maximum magnitude 6.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 krn
1
'l]l\
110'25'
10',2o',
1
.10'30'
-.-)
,,4k!E--*--...
'1''i
j\
CL,ty
of Sema
7'00'
spectrat ii.zr Sttttu.*
[-l0.3 -p.4
[l
l=-l
E
ffi
a
-q'6
0.4
0.6 - 9.8
g.*:1
1-'r.2-\
1"2 - 1.4
ft
:
":',:;'i';
-.
,-)
7's',
5=,
-
Distribution of Spectral Acceleration 1s at ground surface due to Lasem Fault eartquake with
maximum magnitude 5.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 km
't
I IU Z}
10'20'
1
1
0'30'
r1-}
I
cfy cf s
1 .r*oRouo
i4 UU
{
)
Y
,1
Spectral 1s $urface (g)
\-
r----l 0.1 - 0.!
o.z - 0.3..-..
l'-_]0.3 - 0.4
0.4 " 0.5
f-l
F=
1\
{r
;'t -\.^
)
'>r
\.-!'
1
_..-'-.
1a) 2C
)
d
)'."'-'
I
.1
t
55
0',25
ti0'30
Java Sea
110 30
;tr.
i)
..
PGA St{face {s)
0. 3-0.4
0. A--o.Fo,
0. s-63
1
10'20
,,i.,
t,'j
1
10"25',
tlistribution of Peak Ground Acceleration
(FGA)
at ground surface according to SN! L726:2OLZ
su** I
0.1-9.2 II
:o.z.oJ
-n{-o',
,
-0.5
0.,1
il
:
(g)
icn Surfade (s)
PGA
it,
':i
--
,
I
1..
1
Distnibution
of
PGA
1
/'
10'30'
at ground surface due to
Lasem Fault eaffiquake with maximum rnagnitude
55
6.5 Mw and rnaximulm distance 20 km
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceteration in terms of VS30
{site characteristic)
0.6
i
sa(s) = o.ooo3 vs3o + 0.3886
I
\'!i
tr11. "1
sA(g ) = 0.0O07 Vs30 + 0.0837
rlrPGA Surface (SM 1726:2012)
e PGA Surface Site Analysis
I epGASurfaceSiteAnalysis
I
,
0
V.30 (m/s)
57
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceleration in terms of VS30 (site characteristic)
sA(S)
- 0.0003 vs30 + 0.9685
trt
t
.9
0.8
I[lI
IE
o
6g 0.6
U
0.4
sA(c)
1,,:,, vs3o + 0.1639
*Spectral 0.2s Surface (SM 1726:2012)
OSpectral 0.2s Surface Site Analysis
200
254
350
Vr30 (m/s)
s8
I
l
l
I
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceleration in terms of VS30 (site characteristic)
I
0.9
SA(g) = -0.0009 vs30 + 0.8515
rkSpectral ls Surface (SNI 1726:2012)
e
0.8
Spectral ls Surface Site Analysis
0.,
i
Et
vo.6
cl
oi
rE
E
l
i
U,5
i
ol
o
I U.4
C'1
I
0.3
0.2
:
i
:
0.1
i
i
i
gl
sA(g) = -0.0005 vs3o + 0.5197
I
V530
(m/s)
Surface PGA and spectra! aeeeleration
values that were used as basic eriteria to
distingLrish three differeslt aGffTes: Eowu
medium and high speetraE EeveE or n8sk EeveE
,'-,',
Low
Medium
High
-r,,
0.L2:
..:::-.j:.4/-.::.:..
O:
,,,,' ' .
- 0,25
g.t#$M
0.39
- 0,.53',
.,,
t
.',.4i,2,',
"s.,.
.:
0.32 - 0.67
...
,-,
r:
ra: .,.,--., -.- . ...
a.67
'r:.:ii;::iiE#,#
::.j;.:.
i.,rl*,'
:.i,
.
:
.
.
- L.02
- 0.26
0.26 - 0.38
o.LA
:
-, ,l,r
',., i' :..
. i..::
:..'.
:,:..:
-.::
l.o,z.'- L.si ,.O 8-,i,0,.5G'
.
:1.
Risk Microzonation
110"2e
1
10'30
E'
loo
z"od
-_a
/
v\
t
at
GUNUNGPATI
{
'I
BANYUMAAIII(
i
r"
s
:
_
High Risk
Medirim Riskt-,-"
Low Risk
:
1fi"2o',
110"25'.
63
't10"30
I
Semarang, Indonesia, Based
I
n Site Response Analysis due
to Lasem Fault Earthquake
Windu Partono
Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani
Masyhur lrsyam
Syamsul Maarif
Strmtegy €*n
Earthquake
{\ffi
itigatioe"x
Human has to be protected
FEMA
ry potential in resulting huge
ster
nnot be predicted accurately:
en, where, and the size
Tsunami
i'.,l1.ri.1.
't
nnot be avoided
Earthquake Resistance
Buildings + lnfrastructures
@
Landside
(big)
Liquefaction
Avoid
Avoid/ Resist
Buildings+lnfrastructures have to be
designed to resist earthquake loads
Background
The tectonic environment for Semarang is
quite similar to that of Yogyakarta, in that
there is an active fault near both cities. The
2oo5 Yogyakarta earthquake of 63 Mw
caused by Yogyakarta fault was an
;€?rthquake that caused thousands of
casualties in Yogyakarta.
Background
ffPeH" Fqa:l*
..- .'
----."-..'*..,.
llnashai et al. (zoo7)
-'*
.'-
'.'
'.
;
'':
[eak Ground Acceteration (PGA) at Bedrock S,
tYogyakarta)
I
Baekgroumd
Distribution of Houses Damage due to Yogya Earthquake
)rovince and District
'osvakarta Province
lantul
: e ffiOfl
lunung Kidul
Totally Destroyed
ulonprogo
Total (Buildings)
88,249
98,343
46,753
33,137
186,592
79,890
L4,801
34,231
49,032
1,5,07L
17
,967
3,591
33,038
9,417
L6,zLO
4,831
6,793
cevakarta CitV
Damaged
8,422
lentral Java
" aten
::kohario
68,4L5
103,689
L72,LO4
65,849
too,8L7
L66,666
1,185
488
t,673
laeelane
499
729
L,228
E:rworeio
1.44
760
904
7L5
825
L,540
23
70
93
t56,664
202,A32
358,696
Ioyolali
onogiri
:tal (Buildings)
,
:lnashai et
al
.,2oo7)
Background
Learning from the Yrgyakarta earthquake,
the city of Semarang with adiacent Lasem
fault requires a comprehensive seismic
microzonation studies for hazard mitigation
and disaster preparedness.
Strategy for Earthquake Mitigation:
'Continuous Updatlmg of SessmEe hEazard fuTap
to aceount l\ew Earthquake Data and
TechRolngy".
Continr^Eous Updating:
#*n ffimw ffix€m amd Yeehn*E*gy
t* =ee**rtft
:t \\5r\ii. a"til!'\{ 1\.1 \\ ]i!-, \ll\\1\
L\ILl!
{,1
\ll'\
5Ii{i LIt H lr.!t(,t"\.!a{",t lll\('
!\l
. l::rr
- l,lll-a
T&la {nr& Fereflc&nea!} kelahnnan 0efilpa
uniu* $1fijktilr li{}ngunan Siedunff dsn netr ggdung
:: iied from
lrsyam 2o15
.,:::,:':= Earthquake Zone - 1
Earthquake Zone -
2
Earthquake Zone - 3
Earthquake Zone - 5
Earthquake Zone - 4
Earlhquake Zone - 6
I
The znd Seismic Hazard Map
SN!-e3-t726-zooz)
F!*:"!=*-t eE ?*ak &rousrd ,&eeeEerat**xt at berfn*e k 5*
tar sa% in 5o years (t5ao years)
I
I
0.03
.Vrlayah
' lr^,.-L.
:\d\.'a'
I
g
n
u 1:-i' 9.-.
., 1Z n
Wilayah
\llil:r'=
h
',.i,'ilauai-r
SHe*fl. tJEs[*r: 3***, (*rx"m6ct**
Design
Live
E.,-nnA-nta
t-/\t-EELtClt
I
2/o
Risk of Collapse:
i
l
''.J.,
I'l
1i
v,av
1.
I
i
I
I
_ t
-'
,6j
0,30 g
un
c{ara FH&.rtr4 u73
Earthquake Level
tLr;
10% :
1%
I
./-u g
,.:\
Probability of
20%
i0 years
I
lmmediate Oeeupancy
I
ffi
t-
(Rare-rit*q,irL*)
Neae'eoEEapse
(Very Rare Eae"thquake
Near Collapse
(Very Rare Earthquake)
I
Sl{lr9E3
Nl zooz
loo years
"{VTe
E*:r
- Fnh z,5e@ ycars +
EEe zoog
- UEEEE"ETIEFTISEE€
MCE. + MCE***:
- Probabilistie +
-
Deterrninistic
+
Slr!l eorz
ASCE zoto
't4CE: Maximum Considered Earthquake
\1CE*: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earth
Frobabilistie maps:
o
'.to0
50 years
. 200
" 500
BuiEd!s:g
Fragility
ASeE-zoto: Risk of
Collapse is"t%in 50 yrs
Modifiedfrom lrsyam zol5
|
Peak Ground Acceleration (pGA)
at Bedrock S.D
(MCE6 _ SNt
t7a6::orz)
SI{l1726:!St2
,irai r,.ar, I
..,.,-..---.-.-. ,,;,..:.,:t,i-.:j.i:,ar.r.
{!:isri:1rtr,1
,ri::
'
..j",i
'_: :r.:
i-.:,r-.
._.j
.:
tr,.i6*W+.e,3.rl,
i!::t,ai::,:!
,..r.,
iil-j.;,r,.
.'.='.
il:,.f,r-awE3,rl}!
n 7 t.g,J j:.:,,a,,..1 I i.." :B
:Yi:!'"1
i lll:::-..' .'..,'- . : --... '.:..,..,....; .,.:,,.,
:-,. .-;.,
,
SpectralAcceleration (o.z s) at Bedrack
S*
(MCER o.zs / SS * SNt i7z6:zorz) "
l
Stll 1726:i012
I
I
I
I
€;
i;!8r4,:{iF r5r . rnCE..)
u.-*
*n o,:{n re#,. s,./,-6:rrn ,r r?,.a*
Iru, :!
""-l*
t|:,:, | ', ij 'r. ! ,',..11;, r,.:. ., , -
G
.{5t
'lD:r-r:tr:
tla.tl:!
,;t".:;_*t
f:.iji::,
;r-:!;
'r.,
:: 1:,SI*,c:r4ffi
1,ii-i1isffi
r:1..ri,riffiS'
:..::"
II.
r;Iffi:r;.,31
*--
r,,,rr,,]
. I
,, ..!,',w.
,., 65 . .1,:
.
f;llit$I".'"
i:i*Ii*:*,
..'',
.,
l^
,..
Spectral Acceleration (l s) at Bedrock S*
il\4CER rs I Sr
* 5N! r7z6::et:)
.,;l 1726:2012
Sennanang City
:
MCEo:0.39-0.59
MCEn 0.2s : 0.89
-
1.5 g
MGERfs:0.39*G.59
TIre city of Semaramg with
adiacent Lasem fault requires a
eomprehensEve se6ssm Ee
mrcrozr@nation studies for hazard
mitigation and disasten
l
'
r
preparedness
for RevfisiCIn of Seisrn[e
Hazard Maps of lrndCImesfim z*$ffi]
(Teal@
l
I
I
According to the Technical committee on
earthquake geotechnical engineering of the
lnternational society of soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering (Te4-tssMG E, lggg)
mierozonation study is generally reeognized
as one of the effective method to perform
seismic h azard assessment and risk
evaluation which is defined as the zone
distribution within an area with respect to
ground motion characteristics by taking into
account earthquake source and local site
e
GrTd[tEons
seismic microzonation study is one of the
effective method to perform rf;sk evaEumt$mm
of existing bu[!di*g stnuetures due €m
improvement of th" nitional code by taking
into account building fragility
e seismic microzonation is graded based on
the scale of the investigation and method of
ground motion assessment
and divided into 4 steps (TC+-LSSMGE,7gg9) :
1. Evaluation of the expected input motion
at bedrock elevation
z. Local site effects and ground response
analysis (site specific analysis)
3. Seism ic h azar d m icro zonation
he seismic mtcrozonation methodology and
vel of study for Semarang city is performed
according to Te +-ISSIVIGE (rggg).
Seismic mlerozonation study fmr Semffiramg
ity requires input parameters regardf,mg the
seismic hazard, depth of engineering
bedrock, geotechnical condition and
parametersr ground water level and ground
response analysis.
The seismic microzonation process study for
this area (presents) is divided into 3 steps:
1. Evaluation of the expected input motion
at bedrock elevation
Local site effects and ground response
analysis (site specific analysis)
Seismic hazard microzonation
j.
Methodology of Seisrnic
Seism ic M ierozorTmttom
Methodology of Seismic Hazard
and
Seismic Microzonation
6. PGA, spectral acceleration, time
histories at ground surface
5.
ldentification of
".
Site Response Analysis
4. Development of PGA,
Response Spectra and Ground
Motion At Bedrock Elevation
5eismic Sources
epicenter, geometry
3. Seismic hazard
Calculation
and Mechanism)
z. Selection
of
Attenuation
Fumetion
I asie {*neept of
SEte ffiespor:se '&r:a,ysis
Newtonrt
2nd
Law:
l-l=[T!XEl
Motion at BuildEr:g
T ------->
Motion at Surface ptlfit'rq Ground Surface
""'l'"
T
+
I
l
I
I
+
I
I
Soil D{nosits
I
t
I
Motion at Bedrock
i'
ed from lrsyam 2or5
Ground Surface
I
LaYer
VS1
o
o
o
lr
o
,ll
l{o
c)
o
I
'l 1,.'.":
,,
Layer n
VSn
I
,
1
r
3'
':'O', ,,:,.
o?i
.a;
g 0J.
ul_
ai ur
ti'r
oP
,,O.'
ol
I
I
,
'. ,'.''.,'
:":
I
:.1
\...
Bedrock Elevation with VS ) 760nr/sl
,
.Ground lVlotion from real Earthquake (tasem Fault)
.Modified ground motion (from world wide ground motion data)
should be matched with (seismicity condition of Lasem Fault
Earthquake)
Select
Terms o
H
Motion in
ion Time
nario M
Spectral
Matching
Analysis
Calcula
for sp
due
&
Lasemt
ol-arget Spectral
earthquake
1 anb R1
Dimodifikasi dari lrsyam 2011
Data
Reetruirements
for
site response
analysis
.il'j
1.
2.
Earthquake data
Geologieal and geotechmiea!
data ineludimg bedroek
elevation and soil deposit
profile
3,
Ground nnotion in terms of
acceleration tirne histories at
bedrock elevation
Earthquke epicenters data from
igoo-2oo9 in a Radius of 5oo Km
trom Sernarang and Position of
Lasem Fault Trace
I
l
rl
$Ji
i
5i
c€3 -
litrr*iiei
:
flr+::,,a*rrd i+!trr,:"
e S-5.?
i!.,t!'.,1
6 i3'.r.4
€* 5.r. s
@,:,:
;'r
lrra';rtJi+r: !+rfa ia i:{r.:
r i:1 .:l
a ti'a:
e 5:i ; r
I
ziqc
l
l*
Y*
t,'
rvroairiei
geological
''
map
.ffi
e;
,
Geological Forntalion
lllTnl Xatigetas Fornration (Vulcanic Breccia)
Arldesite Horenlrlet)da
- Codstal Plain {Aluviutn Foilnation)
]illm
)i7..1fi
Aantar Formation (Sand Stono)
ffi Kalitrerrlng Formatlon (Napal with sandstonei
ffi Keiek Foilnation (Clay Slorlei
j ffiS oaianmungkur Formation (Andesite)
fi--Tjl Jon gkong For rtratioll (Br ec cia,
ffi haligesik Formation iBasaltl
]
!.1{
li(l:'.-a i'Sili ia
i i!r..ilit
32
l
i
i
lncomplete information
of Bedrock Formation
and elevatlon fon the
study area
33
190 boring locations
with minimum 30 meter depth.
'1.d
E
,90 boring locations
with minimum 30 meter depth'
I
Soil Properties and N-SPT data
11
218
0'29
test locations
I
'tra
d
a
t^
-o
^ ^^^ a
*i
i " o"
i^o^u^.o
.- a.
^
A
AI
iaAr
i.
L^4*
Aaa4&
_
a
M{
*AS;
d.a
Ad
^aa
a
AA
^l'
alI
ala
A
aAra
AA
I
A,A
-A
Kab. Demak
i
Example of
three
components
ambient
vibrations
recordings
(NS, EW V)
I
3B
PnedietE*n of
FredEeti*n of
ffieeEn*ak
ffieds"*cH{
2A-
EEevat6*s'r
.'', s€ > ,-flrs ot-t/e \
*-*,wu"i.ldt
z-
Z
I
0-'l
-
/-
alF'o
.S
,-.
[: EesexLi;qJgt
flvs > ?** mls}
40-
E_
\b
\,t
ry9
I
I
- bu-
L
0.6
Vs ="760 m/s
Frequency (Hz)
1
Sumber Gempa
lmperial Valley (10/ slt979)
lmperialValley (10/ sne19)
Irnperial Valley (10/ sltele)
ImperialValley (10/ slt979)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24fi987)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24n987)
Superstition Hills ( 1 t24t1981)
Superstition Hills ( 1 1241t981)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 91201 1999)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 9 120/ 1999)
Chi-Chi Taiwan ( 9 l20l 1999)
2
No
1
2
a
J
4
5
6
,7
8
9
0
Station
El Centro Array #8
M
R (Km)
6.53
3.86
Chrhuahua
6.53
7.29
Ei Centro An'ay #11
El Centro Aray #12
Parachute Test Site
6.53
12.56
6.s3
t7.94
6.54
0.95
Superstition Mtn Camera
6.s4
5.61
Westmorland Fire Sta
6.s4
13.03
El Centro Imp. Co. Cent
6.54
t8.2
CHY074
6.2
6.02
CHYOSO
6.2
12.44
6.2
Kobe Japan (111611995)
CHY028
Kobe University
6.9
t7.63
0.9
J
Kobe Japan (111611995)
Nishi-Akashi
6.9
7.08
4
Kobe Japan (111611995)
Amagasaki
6.9
1r.34
5
Kobe Japan
Fukushima
6.9
17.85
6
Victoria Mexico (619 I 1980)
Victoria Mexico (619 I 1980)
Victoria Mexico (6/9 I 1980)
Victoria Hospital Sotano
Cerro Prieto
6.33
6.07
6.33
13.8
Chrhuahua
6.33
18.s3
7
8
(lll6lt995)
ground motions (acceleration time histonies) due to shallow
crustal fault earthquake source used for site response analysis
Five
ISMD data
Example of ground motion (acceleration time histories) due to
shallow crustal fault earthquake (Lasem Fault source) calculated
using response spectral matching
Unscaled dan Scaled Ground Motion From Kobe Earthquake 6.9 Mw Distance 17.85 l(rn
0.25
0.15
-Q.1
ID
.Eot
G
o^
(u
Itr
-fios
-0.1
Unscalled: original ground motion
Sca ed: m*difBed gr'**md sn=;:t[*>E=
* x r :: i a t * # i,i !*r € s € r-:'n i,' & i ::'i a e e l-: i rc,p;
=
fi
:
E
40
F3
5A
T'irme {see}
Geolog8cffiE ffiffid
GeotechmEcaE
lnvestigatfCIm
Results
:
=
=
=
-
;
t0'
--
"-
lrr.'F!
:?oo
'€,
i -l i.,ri.
LrliriSHl€Lfl:riflHl
:,rf.i.
t3 boring
measurements
iFri.b L!tL]1tH:
L.i !rBHl
io15;34"61c'l
l.l liBH:d. 4'i ---..
r,Et I
v
i{tsri}
i'i for bedrock
b';'qr3d:
sii
1
-:
.::H
I
:
111'34'
13 boring locations for Shear Wave measurements.
ffixample Borir"rg
Log at
Mulawarman
i,.
(Ternbalang) :5it*i:ffi
(sand stone at
14 - 30 meter
with N-SPT o 6o)
elevation
verifieatioqt.
1
.,.ri::,.::,
.
:i:d
Shear wave velocity
test for rock sample
47
Bedrock depth predtctiom
geological data.
asxd
I
I
I
I
Geological Fotmation
[f[T[T] Kal i getas Formati ort (Vulcanic Brec ci a]
E
[ilIlli1Tlll
Arrclesite Horetrblenda
Co
astal
Pl ai rr ( Alu
viuni
F
or nrati on ]
Fornration iSand Stone!
Kaliberring Forniatiot.t (Napal with sa,.!dstone)
flffiffi Kerek Folmation (Clay Stone]
TffiDantar
ffi
Bffi
Gajahmurlgkur Formation {Andesite}
W
Kaligesik Fonnatiorl {Basait}
f1$il Jongkotrg Fornratiot.t (Brecciai
Seismic
MicrozCInation
Results
Distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at ground surface aeeording to SNI !726:2ALZ
loo
z'od
PGA
E
=
Distribution of peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at ground surface due
earthquake with maximum magnitude 5.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 km
110'20'
1
\
sea
-
-t---/
City of
tr-
^
.ATENGAH>'
BARA; sg41ttlc
sEl{APLr,o
s.r,,
,-rt
t VC
\jqu /aN
.
E
'i E
C I
--4
L
GENUK
F_
Sernarang
O.4
'Y
n(-/*
sruffio
_uGU
/
Lasem Fault
10"25',
"+,;:t---=
--__sJ*>*$!Ht
s\
Java
to
Hi
7'00
s.,
-ql4/r
AAJAH
lvluNGKUR
')
(11
alruilSnRt
-'"'':r'_
O'
:-
\)
:I
\
7'5'
,1
PGA Surfadp (g)
[]
o.r - oiz
tlE
i
l\
!i
trj \r\(a^r
0.2 - 0'I30.3 - 0.4 !0.4 - 0.5
\.
*-
a
.-i
\
/
'F
--'
\
11A'25'.
114'20
1
53
10'30'
Fault earthquake
with maximum magnitude 6.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 krn
1
'l]l\
110'25'
10',2o',
1
.10'30'
-.-)
,,4k!E--*--...
'1''i
j\
CL,ty
of Sema
7'00'
spectrat ii.zr Sttttu.*
[-l0.3 -p.4
[l
l=-l
E
ffi
a
-q'6
0.4
0.6 - 9.8
g.*:1
1-'r.2-\
1"2 - 1.4
ft
:
":',:;'i';
-.
,-)
7's',
5=,
-
Distribution of Spectral Acceleration 1s at ground surface due to Lasem Fault eartquake with
maximum magnitude 5.5 Mw and maximum distance 20 km
't
I IU Z}
10'20'
1
1
0'30'
r1-}
I
cfy cf s
1 .r*oRouo
i4 UU
{
)
Y
,1
Spectral 1s $urface (g)
\-
r----l 0.1 - 0.!
o.z - 0.3..-..
l'-_]0.3 - 0.4
0.4 " 0.5
f-l
F=
1\
{r
;'t -\.^
)
'>r
\.-!'
1
_..-'-.
1a) 2C
)
d
)'."'-'
I
.1
t
55
0',25
ti0'30
Java Sea
110 30
;tr.
i)
..
PGA St{face {s)
0. 3-0.4
0. A--o.Fo,
0. s-63
1
10'20
,,i.,
t,'j
1
10"25',
tlistribution of Peak Ground Acceleration
(FGA)
at ground surface according to SN! L726:2OLZ
su** I
0.1-9.2 II
:o.z.oJ
-n{-o',
,
-0.5
0.,1
il
:
(g)
icn Surfade (s)
PGA
it,
':i
--
,
I
1..
1
Distnibution
of
PGA
1
/'
10'30'
at ground surface due to
Lasem Fault eaffiquake with maximum rnagnitude
55
6.5 Mw and rnaximulm distance 20 km
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceteration in terms of VS30
{site characteristic)
0.6
i
sa(s) = o.ooo3 vs3o + 0.3886
I
\'!i
tr11. "1
sA(g ) = 0.0O07 Vs30 + 0.0837
rlrPGA Surface (SM 1726:2012)
e PGA Surface Site Analysis
I epGASurfaceSiteAnalysis
I
,
0
V.30 (m/s)
57
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceleration in terms of VS30 (site characteristic)
sA(S)
- 0.0003 vs30 + 0.9685
trt
t
.9
0.8
I[lI
IE
o
6g 0.6
U
0.4
sA(c)
1,,:,, vs3o + 0.1639
*Spectral 0.2s Surface (SM 1726:2012)
OSpectral 0.2s Surface Site Analysis
200
254
350
Vr30 (m/s)
s8
I
l
l
I
Distribution of Surface PGA and Spectral acceleration in terms of VS30 (site characteristic)
I
0.9
SA(g) = -0.0009 vs30 + 0.8515
rkSpectral ls Surface (SNI 1726:2012)
e
0.8
Spectral ls Surface Site Analysis
0.,
i
Et
vo.6
cl
oi
rE
E
l
i
U,5
i
ol
o
I U.4
C'1
I
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(m/s)
Surface PGA and spectra! aeeeleration
values that were used as basic eriteria to
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medium and high speetraE EeveE or n8sk EeveE
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