THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHONGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT OF NORTH The Acquisition Of English By Traders At Tourist Resort: An Ethongraphic Study At Gili Trawangan Tourist Resort Of North Lombok‐NTB
THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT TOURIST RESORT:
AN ETHONGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT OF NORTH
LOMBOK‐NTB
Thesis submitted to fulfill of the requirements for the completion of Graduate
Degree in Language Studies
BY
MUSLIMIN
NIM: S.200100019
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
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MOTTO
Do not satisfy to the knowledge and Iman that you have had, but you have to satisfy
to the all things that has been dropped by God
I Believe to Islam, it is the rigid religion and a real science. So what is believable may
not thinkable and all of thinkable could be believed. Thus, what believed is not such
as you think.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of the Lord, the rigid King of all humankind, the holly One, the
great One as the absolute of truth Maker, who creates human’s brain, heart, and
desire. The deep gratitudes was only addressed for Him, because He drops the great
healtness, He gives the age of life to still being a human on this Earth, thus, the
thesis could be completed. His name is Allah Subhanahuwata’ala, and because of
the all of His blessing and perfectly given, the completing process in writing a thesis
with entitled “THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS” has had finished.
After the great thanks to Allah, he also want to send a thank to the rector of
this university, Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji who allows him to develops his knowledge
level from the first arrival until today as a student. Another one is addressed to the
Director of post graduate program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Prof.
Dr. Huzdalifah Dimyati with the all of his work’s partners who have spent their times
hardly in programming and arranging the master program as perfect as the
student’s need.
The writer wants to say again for the head of master of language study of
graduate program, Prof. Markhamah, a lot of thanks for her huge struggling in
managing the all of study program to be the gorgeous and meticulous works until
this program has been running too well.
For special thanks are objected to the enormous and honorable first
consultant, Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziaty, M.Hum and the second consultant, Dra. Siti
Zuhriah, M.Hum, who have spent the times for giving the great guidance, a wide
enlightenment and the perfect advisement until this scientific work compactly
narrated.
Afterwards, the author really thanks to the greatest women in his life, his
mother, Siti Aminah and deep pray for the good father, (alm) Arahman Junaid. They
are the two men who lead him to be the good man, who are also teach him to be
the man who has to remember and act the right cases and leave the fool thing from
the day of birth until today and hopefully until the end of life. Similar thanks to his
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beloved brothers, Syafril and Irwansyah and also for his sisters, Sri Suryanti, Nuraini,
and Fatmah.
Finally, he wants to state a lot of thanks to the all of friends in each of their
group names KCI, IMM, MAPALA, FORMS NTB (Ridwan‐Don Carleon, Abrar‐Don
Tataglia, Ichlas‐Don Fadelklass, Kasman‐Don Kastelino, Hamjah‐Don Gamjato,
Wahyudinsyah‐Don Carleto, Khadafi‐Don Ifinko, Rahmi Siwe, Eka‐Ina Al, Hasan‐Don
Hartosan, Huda‐Don Yomand Rembang and all other) DIMENSI, SOLO INSTITUT
RESEARCH, etc. They are very helpful; they are great, clever and gorgeous. In this
canon and forever, he prays for the good blessing from the almighty Al‐Akbar, Allah
SWT will always beside them.
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Surakarta, 10 Agustus 2012
Writer
LIST OF TABLE
1. Types of Input (4.1)
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2. Types of Output (4.2)
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3. Age and Cognitive Flaccidity (4.3)
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4. Ego Permeability Act (4.4)
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LIST OF FIGURE
1. Listening to Music (4.1)
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2. Reading Banners (4.2)
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3. Singing (4.3)
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4. Less of Enclosure (4.4)
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5. The Great Psychological Distance (4.5)
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6. Language Shock (4.6)
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7. The Less of Motivation (4.7)
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8. The Strong of Motivation (4.8)
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9. Route of English Acquisiton in GTTR (5.1)
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LIST OF ABREVIATION
1. SLA & L2A (Second Language Acquisition)
2. TLL (Target Language Learner)
3. TL (Target Language)
4. GTTR (Gili Trawangan Tourist Resort)
5. GT (Gili Trawangan)
6. LA (Language Acquirer)
7. EA (English Acquirer)
8. LOR (Length of Resident)
9. LS (Language Seeker)
10. LO (Language Owner)
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE..............................................................................................
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL..........................................................................
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ADVISOR’S NOTE I……………………………………………………..
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ADVISOR’S NOTE II................................................................................
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DECLARATION.........................................................................................
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MOTTO …………………..........................................................................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................
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LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................
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LIST OF FIGURE ………………………………………………………..
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LIST OF ABREVIATION ………………………………………………
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TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................
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ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….
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ABSTRAK...................................................................................................
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study..................................................................
1
B. Research Problem............................................................................
4
C. Objective of the Study......................................................................
4
D. Benefit of the Study..........................................................................
5
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1. Practical Benefit: ........................................................................
5
2. Theoretical Benefit: ..................................................................
5
E. Research Scope.................................................................................
6
F. Key Word........................................................................................
7
1. Language Acquisition.................................................................
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2. Trader...........................................................................................
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3. Tourist resort................................................................................
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4. English..........................................................................................
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE..................
A. Previous Study.................................................................................
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B. Theoretical Review..........................................................................
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1. Second Language Acquisition....................................................
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2. Principle of Second Language Acquisition................................
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a. Language Experience...........................................................
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b. The Maximum Affective and Cognitive..............................
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c. Positive Affect......................................................................
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d. Multidimensional Mental Resource.....................................
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e. Noticing Salient Feature.......................................................
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f. Achieving Communicative Outcome...................................
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3. The SLA Causative Variables....................................................
a. Acculturation........................................................................
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b. Age and exposures variable.................................................
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4. Five Hypotheses in SLA............................................................
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a. The Acquisition versus Learning........................................
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b. Monitor Hypothesis..............................................................
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c. Natural Order Hypothesis....................................................
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d. Input Hypothesis..................................................................
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e. Affective filter hypothesis....................................................
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5. Swain’s Hypothesis
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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................
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A. Research Methodology....................................................................
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1. Setting........................................................................................
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2. Types and Sources of Data.........................................................
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a. Types of Data.......................................................................
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b. Sources of Data....................................................................
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3. Data Collection Instruments.......................................................
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4. Data Collection Procedure.........................................................
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5. Data Analysis Procedure............................................................
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CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION...............
A. Research Finding.............................................................................
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1. Types of Input............................................................................
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a. Listening to Music..................................................................
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b. Watching Cinema...................................................................
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c. Attending Ticket Information................................................
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d. Reading Banners....................................................................
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e. Attending to Native Speaker..................................................
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2. Types of Output............................................................................
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a. Promoting the Products.......................................................
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b. Transaction...........................................................................
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c. Singing.................................................................................
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d. Telling Information..............................................................
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e. Constructing the Questions..................................................
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f. Greeting................................................................................
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g. Note Taking and Writing…………………………………..
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3. Social Distance...........................................................................
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a. The Great Social Distance.....................................................
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b. The Small Social Distance....................................................
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4. Psychological Distances..............................................................
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a. The Great Psychological Distance.......................................
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b. The Small Psychological Distance......................................
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B. Discussion........................................................................................
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION...........................
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B. Suggestion.............................................................................
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LIST OF REFERENCES..........................................................................
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APPENDIX I: List of Quotations
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APPENDIX II: List of Formal Interview
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APPENDIX III: Research’s Photos
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A. Conclusion......................................................................................
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ABSTRACT
Muslimin. NIM: S.200100019, THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT
TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT
OF NORTH LOMBOK OF WEST NUSATENGGARA PROVINCE. Graduate Program of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The goal of this study is to describe the procedures of English acquisition
supplied by the language seekers (traders) at Gili Trawangan Tourist Resort of North
Lombok of NTB. The objectives was totally refers to the four questions; what are the
types of input displayed by traders in GTTR?; What are the types of output displayed
by traders at GTTR?; How is the social distance between traders and TL speakers?;
and How is the psychological distance between traders and TL speakers?
Specifically, the type of the inquiry research is a qualitative and the research
approach utilized is the ethnographic study. In this term, the ethnographer has
handled several steps as consists of; observation, documentation, formal interview,
and informal interview. The primary data took from the key informant (traders), and
the secondary data received from other adequateness ones through formal and
informal interviews.
The following words have represent the result of this exploration; first, there
were five point of inputs tresses in that workfield names listening to music,
attending to ticket information, reading banners, watching cinema, and attending
foreigners’ utterance. The second fact finding is types of output, where the output
processed by the acquirer represented by; promoting, singing, greeting, telling
information, and transaction. Third result is the Psychological distance. Actually,
there are two main issues such as follow; the great psychological distance and the
small psychological distance. The great psychological distance was signed by;
language shock, cultural shock, less of motivation, the less of enclosure, etc.
Moreover in the small psychological distance was represented by; the good of
enclosure, the great activity interest, the high motivation, etc. As the final result‐
finding was represented by the following major cases; first, the great social distance,
and the second is the small social distance. In great social distance, the traders in
GTTR have encircled by the several bad conditions such as; the lack of economic
interest, the small of assimilation, etc. In contrast, the small social distance
represented by; the great enclosures, the great economic interest, the lack of
subordination and domination, etc.
Keywords: Language Acquisition, English, Trader
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ABSTRAK
Muslimin. NIM: S.200100019, THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT
TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT
OF NORTH LOMBOK OF WEST NUSATENGGARA PROVINCE. Graduate Program of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripisikan prosedur pemerolehan
bahasa Inggris oleh pedagang di area wisata Gili Trawangan Lombok Utara, NTB.
Patokan pendeskripsian tujuan penelitian ini terletak beberapa pertanyaan berikut;
tipe‐tipe input apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pedangang di Gili Trawangan?; Tipe‐tipe
output apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pedangan di Gili Trawangan?; Bagaimanakah
kesenjangan sosial antara pedagang dan turis asing?; dan bagaimanakah
kesenjangan psikologis antara pedagang dan turis asing?
Tipe penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Dalam hal
ini peneliti melaksanakan beberapa tahap penelitian diataranya; observasi,
dokumentasi, wawancara formal, dan wawancara informal. Data primer diperoleh
langsung dari pedangang, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari orang lain di
sekitar area penelitian dan beberapa dokumen foto melalui proses wawancaran
langsung dan wawancara tidak langsung.
Temuan penelitian; pertama, terdapat lima proses input yakni
mendengarkan musik, menyimak informasi dari loket tiket, membaca poster‐poster,
nonton film layar lebar, dan menyimak pembicaraan wisatawan asing. Kedua, tipe‐
tipe output, yakni; melakukan promosi, bernyanyi, mengucapkan selamat, memberi
informasi, dan bertransaksi. Ketiga, Kesenjangan psikologis yakni kesenjangan berat
dan kesenjangan ringan. Kesenjangan ringan ditandai oleh; Kekagokan bahasa,
kekagokan budaya, lemahnya motivasi, perbedaan prinsip pada tempat tujuan
aktifitas, dan lain‐lain. Sementara itu, Kesenjangan psikologis ringan ditandai oleh;
kesamaan hati pada tempat tujuan aktifitas, kesamaan ketertarikan pada suatu
aktifitas, tingginya motivasi, dan lain‐lain. Temuan terakhir adalah kesenjangan
sosial yakni; kesenjangan berat dan ringan. Kesenjangan berat ditandai oleh,
lemahnya ketertarikan dalam kehidupan ekonomi, lemahnya asimilasi dan lain‐lain.
Sebaliknya, kesenjangan sosial ringan direpresentasikan oleh; Adanya wadah atau
tempat yang dibangun untuk kegiatan wisata umum, tingginya ketertarikan
ekonomi, minimnya subordinasi dan dominasi sosial dan lain‐lain.
Kata Kunci: Pemeroleh‐bahasa, Bahasa‐Inggris dan Pedagang
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