Group Investigation: Changing Studentsâ Speaking Skill of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Viewed From Communication Apprehension.
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GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING STUDENTS’
SPEAKING SKILL FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Study on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk
Klaten in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)
By
OKVITASARI NUGRAHENI
S891208036
English Education Department
Graduate School
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta
2014
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APPROVAL SHEET
GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION
APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1
Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)
Okvitasari Nugraheni
S891208036
This thesis has been approved by the Board of Consultants of the English
Education Department, Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta
on Dec 17 th, 2014.
Consultant I
Second Consultant II
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 195203071980031005
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd
NIP. 195905051986012001
Approved by:
The Head of English Education Department
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 195203071980031005
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LEGITIMATION
Group Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill from the Perspective of
Communication Apprehension
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk
Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/2014)
By:
Okvitasari Nugraheni
S891208036
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English
Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
On December 17th 2014
Board of examiners
:
Signature
1. Chairperson
Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D
NIP. 19600918 198702 2 001
………………..
2. Secretary
Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd
NIP. 19621231 198803 1 009
………………..
3. Examineer 1
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
NIP. 19520307 198003 1 005
………………..
4. Examineer 2
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd
NIP. 19590505 198601 2 001
………………..
Legalized by
The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education of Sebelas Maret University
The Head of English Education Department
Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah., M.Pd
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
commit to userNIP. 19520307 198003 1 005
NIP.19600727198702100
iii
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ABSTRACT
Okvitasari Nugraheni. S891208036. 2014. Group Investigation:
Changing Students’ Speaking Skill of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1
Trucuk Viewed From Communication Apprehension. Thesis. 1 st consultant:
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd; 2nd consultant: Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd.
Program Study English Education Department of Graduate School of
Sebelas Maret University.
This study aims at identifying whether 1) Group Investigation is more
effective than direct method to teach speaking; 2) Students with low level of
communication apprehension have better speaking skill than those with high level
of communication apprehension; 3) there is an interaction between teaching
methods used and students‟ level of communication apprehension.
The research was conducted in the second semester of the eighth grade of
SMP N 1 Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. The sampling used was
cluster random sampling. The samples were two classes which consist of 28
students of class VIIIG as the experimental class and 28 students of class VIIIA as
the control class. The instruments used to collect research data cover the
communication apprehension‟s questionnaire, and speaking test.
The data obtained after the treatment was analyzed using descriptive
analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to find out the
mean, median, mode, histogram and polygon of speaking score. Still, it is
important to assign normality and homogeneity test as the prerequisite of using
inferential analysis. Normality test was used to know whether the sample
distributes normally or not while homogeneity test was used to know the data are
homogeneous or not. Inferential analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey Test. The
hypothesis was tested using ANOVA to find out whether the difference is
significant or not. If Ho is rejected, the analysis was continued to know the degree
of effectiveness between two method using tukey test. The finding reveals that:
(1) Group Investigation is significantly different from direct method to teach
speaking; (2) the students with low level of communication apprehension have
better speaking performance than those with high level of communication
apprehension; (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and the
students‟ level of communication apprehension.
Based on research findings, it can be concluded that Group Investigation is
an effective method to teach speaking to the eighth grade students of SMP N 1
Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. However, in the implementation of the
method, a teacher must consider the students‟ level of communication
apprehension. As proved in this research, communication apprehension influences
the students‟ speaking skill. By considering the students‟ level of communication
apprehension, a teacher can use the method properly to teach speaking in order to
improve the students‟achievment optimally. For other researchers, it is hoped that
these research findings can be used as a reference for future researches. Moreover,
other researchers may conduct researches viewed from other psychological
aspects.
Keywords: experimental research, speaking skill, group investigation, direct
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method, communicaton apprehension
iv
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Motto
Without the God (Allah SWT), we can not do anything.
commit to user
v
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PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to declare that I myself wrote this thesis, entitle “Group
Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill Viewed From Communication
Apprehension (An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP
N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)”. It is not a plagiarism or
made by others. Anything related to the others‟s work is written in quotation and
the source of which is listed on the bibliography.
If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any
academic punishment including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic
degree.
Surakarta,
Okvitasari Nugraheni
commit to user
vi
2014
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digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
The writer would like to present this thesis to:
Allah SWT
Her beloved husband
Her beloved parents
commit to user
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil „alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude to
Allah SWT for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete this
thesis. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad SAW who had delivered the
truth to human beings in general and muslim in particular. In completing this
thesis, the researcher received a lot of helps that she would like to express her
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education who had given
permission to write this thesis.
2. The Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University who had
given his permission to write this thesis.
3. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program for his
guidance and advise to write this thesis.
4. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, the first consultant for his patience, guidance, helps,
advice and support during this thesis writing.
5. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hD, the second consultant for her patience,
guidance, helps, advice and support during this thesis writing.
6. The Headmaster of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the permission to conduct the
research in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
7. The English Teacher of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the help to conduct the research
in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
8. The students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Class VIIIG and VIIIA for their willingness
to take part on the research conducted.
9. All of her beloved friends, class B, thanks for everything.
I hope this thesis can be beneficial for others and it can improve the knowledge of
the researcher herself.
The Researcher
commit to user
viii
Okvitasari Nugraheni
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................... ii
EXAMINERS‟ APPROVAL ......................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... v
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION SHEET ................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................. xi
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................... xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study .............................................................
B. The Problem Identification .................................................................
C. The Problem Limitation .......................................................................
D. The Problem Statement ........................................................................
E. The Objective of Study ........................................................................
F. The significances of The Study ............................................................
1
6
6
7
7
8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoritical Description ......................................................................... 9
1. The Nature of Speaking
a. The Meaning of Speaking Skill.................................................... 9
b. The Purpose of Speaking Skill..................................................... 10
c. The Aspects of Speaking Skill..................................................... 11
d. Construct of Speaking Skill......................................................... 13
e. Speaking Assessment.................................................................. 14
f. The Concept of Teaching Speaking............................................ 16
g. The Problem with Speaking Activities and the Ideas for Solving
the Problem................................................................................. 19
h. Characteristics of Successful Speaking Activity........................ 22
2. The Nature of Group Investigation
a. The Meaning of Group Investigation......................................... 22
b. The Steps of Group Investigation.............................................. 24
c. Advantages of Group Investigation........................................... 25
d. Disadvantages of Group Investigation....................................... 25
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3. The Nature of Direct Method
a. The Meaning of Direct Method..................................................
b. The Steps of Direct Method.......................................................
c. Disadvantages of Direct Method................................................
d. Advantages of Direct Method....................................................
4. Communication Apprehension
a. Concept of Communication Apprehension...............................
b. Factors of Reducing Communication Apprehension................
c. Construct of Communication Apprehension.............................
B. Review of Relevant Studies..................................................................
C. Rationale .................... ..........................................................................
D. Hypothesis ............................................................................................
30
32
33
33
37
39
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
A. The Place of the Research .....................................................................
B. The Time of the Research .....................................................................
C. The Method of the Research .................................................................
D. The Subject of the Research .................................................................
E. Technique of Collecting Data ...............................................................
F. Data Analysis .........................................................................................
G. Statistical Hypotheses ............................................................................
40
40
41
41
43
45
48
26
27
29
29
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Implementation of the Research ............................................................ 49
B. Description of Data ................................................................................ 50
C. Pre-requisite Testing .............................................................................. 59
D. Hypothesis test ...................................................................................... 63
E. Discussions ............................................................................................ 68
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions ........................................................................................... 75
B. Implication and Suggestion ..................................... ............................. 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 79
APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 83
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1: Comparing the Indicator of Speaking ............................................... 12
Table 2.1: Rating Scale of Speaking ................................................................ 14
Table 3.1: Comparing of the Indicator of Communication Apprehension ....... 31
Table 4.1: The Activities of the Research ........................................................ 40
Table 5.1: Implementation of the Research ..................................................... 49
Table 6.1: Frequency Distribution of data A1 .................................................. 51
Table 6.2: Frequency Distribution of data A2 .................................................. 52
Table 6.3: Frequency Distribution of data B1 .................................................. 53
Table 6.4: Frequency Distribution of data B2 .................................................. 54
Table 6.5: Frequency Distribution of data A1B1 ............................................... 55
Table 6.6: Frequency Distribution of data A2B1 ............................................... 56
Table 6.7: Frequency Distribution of data A1B2 ............................................... 57
Table 6.8: Frequency Distribution of data A2B2 ............................................... 58
Table 7.1: The Summary of Normality Test ..................................................... 59
Table 8.1: Homogeneity Test ............................................................................ 62
Table 9.1: The Mean Score of the Cells ............................................................ 64
Table 9.2: The Summary of Analysis of Variance ............................................ 64
Table 10.1: The Summary of Tukey Test ......................................................... 66
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ................................................ 51
Figure 1.2: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ................................................ 52
Figure 1.3: Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ................................................ 53
Figure 1.4: Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ................................................ 54
Figure 1.5: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ............................................ 55
Figure 1.6: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B2 ............................................ 56
Figure 1.7: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1 ............................................ 57
Figure 1.8: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B2 ............................................ 58
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LIST OF APPENDICIES
Appendix 1 : Lesson Plan for Experimental Class
........................................
Appendix 2 : Lesson Plan for Control Class ..................................................
83
148
Appendix 3 : Blue Print of Communication Apprehension‟s questionnaire .... 215
Appendix 4 : Validity of the questionnaire of CA ........................................... 219
Appendix 5 : Reliability of the questionnaire of CA ....................................... 227
Appendix 6 : Questionnaire of CA after tried out ............................................ 228
Appendix 7 : Readability of Speaking Test ..................................................... 231
Appendix 8 : Speaking Score of Experimental Class ...................................... 232
Appendix 9 : Speaking Score of Control Class ............................................... 233
Appendix 10 : Speaking Score of Students with Low Level of CA ................ 234
Appendix 11 : Speaking Score of Students with High Level of CA ................ 235
Appendix 12 : Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation ....................... 236
Appendix 13 : Normality Test ......................................................................... 244
Appendix 14 : Homogenity Test ...................................................................... 252
Appendix 15 : ANOVA ................................................................................... 253
Appendix 16 : Tukey Test ................................................................................ 255
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GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING STUDENTS’
SPEAKING SKILL FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Study on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk
Klaten in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)
By
OKVITASARI NUGRAHENI
S891208036
English Education Department
Graduate School
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta
2014
commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
APPROVAL SHEET
GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION
APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1
Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)
Okvitasari Nugraheni
S891208036
This thesis has been approved by the Board of Consultants of the English
Education Department, Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta
on Dec 17 th, 2014.
Consultant I
Second Consultant II
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 195203071980031005
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd
NIP. 195905051986012001
Approved by:
The Head of English Education Department
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 195203071980031005
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LEGITIMATION
Group Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill from the Perspective of
Communication Apprehension
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk
Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/2014)
By:
Okvitasari Nugraheni
S891208036
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English
Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
On December 17th 2014
Board of examiners
:
Signature
1. Chairperson
Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D
NIP. 19600918 198702 2 001
………………..
2. Secretary
Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd
NIP. 19621231 198803 1 009
………………..
3. Examineer 1
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
NIP. 19520307 198003 1 005
………………..
4. Examineer 2
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd
NIP. 19590505 198601 2 001
………………..
Legalized by
The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education of Sebelas Maret University
The Head of English Education Department
Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah., M.Pd
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
commit to userNIP. 19520307 198003 1 005
NIP.19600727198702100
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Okvitasari Nugraheni. S891208036. 2014. Group Investigation:
Changing Students’ Speaking Skill of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1
Trucuk Viewed From Communication Apprehension. Thesis. 1 st consultant:
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd; 2nd consultant: Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd.
Program Study English Education Department of Graduate School of
Sebelas Maret University.
This study aims at identifying whether 1) Group Investigation is more
effective than direct method to teach speaking; 2) Students with low level of
communication apprehension have better speaking skill than those with high level
of communication apprehension; 3) there is an interaction between teaching
methods used and students‟ level of communication apprehension.
The research was conducted in the second semester of the eighth grade of
SMP N 1 Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. The sampling used was
cluster random sampling. The samples were two classes which consist of 28
students of class VIIIG as the experimental class and 28 students of class VIIIA as
the control class. The instruments used to collect research data cover the
communication apprehension‟s questionnaire, and speaking test.
The data obtained after the treatment was analyzed using descriptive
analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to find out the
mean, median, mode, histogram and polygon of speaking score. Still, it is
important to assign normality and homogeneity test as the prerequisite of using
inferential analysis. Normality test was used to know whether the sample
distributes normally or not while homogeneity test was used to know the data are
homogeneous or not. Inferential analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey Test. The
hypothesis was tested using ANOVA to find out whether the difference is
significant or not. If Ho is rejected, the analysis was continued to know the degree
of effectiveness between two method using tukey test. The finding reveals that:
(1) Group Investigation is significantly different from direct method to teach
speaking; (2) the students with low level of communication apprehension have
better speaking performance than those with high level of communication
apprehension; (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and the
students‟ level of communication apprehension.
Based on research findings, it can be concluded that Group Investigation is
an effective method to teach speaking to the eighth grade students of SMP N 1
Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. However, in the implementation of the
method, a teacher must consider the students‟ level of communication
apprehension. As proved in this research, communication apprehension influences
the students‟ speaking skill. By considering the students‟ level of communication
apprehension, a teacher can use the method properly to teach speaking in order to
improve the students‟achievment optimally. For other researchers, it is hoped that
these research findings can be used as a reference for future researches. Moreover,
other researchers may conduct researches viewed from other psychological
aspects.
Keywords: experimental research, speaking skill, group investigation, direct
commit to user
method, communicaton apprehension
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Motto
Without the God (Allah SWT), we can not do anything.
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to declare that I myself wrote this thesis, entitle “Group
Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill Viewed From Communication
Apprehension (An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP
N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)”. It is not a plagiarism or
made by others. Anything related to the others‟s work is written in quotation and
the source of which is listed on the bibliography.
If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any
academic punishment including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic
degree.
Surakarta,
Okvitasari Nugraheni
commit to user
vi
2014
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
The writer would like to present this thesis to:
Allah SWT
Her beloved husband
Her beloved parents
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil „alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude to
Allah SWT for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete this
thesis. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad SAW who had delivered the
truth to human beings in general and muslim in particular. In completing this
thesis, the researcher received a lot of helps that she would like to express her
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education who had given
permission to write this thesis.
2. The Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University who had
given his permission to write this thesis.
3. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program for his
guidance and advise to write this thesis.
4. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, the first consultant for his patience, guidance, helps,
advice and support during this thesis writing.
5. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hD, the second consultant for her patience,
guidance, helps, advice and support during this thesis writing.
6. The Headmaster of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the permission to conduct the
research in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
7. The English Teacher of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the help to conduct the research
in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
8. The students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Class VIIIG and VIIIA for their willingness
to take part on the research conducted.
9. All of her beloved friends, class B, thanks for everything.
I hope this thesis can be beneficial for others and it can improve the knowledge of
the researcher herself.
The Researcher
commit to user
viii
Okvitasari Nugraheni
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................... ii
EXAMINERS‟ APPROVAL ......................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... v
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION SHEET ................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................. xi
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................... xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study .............................................................
B. The Problem Identification .................................................................
C. The Problem Limitation .......................................................................
D. The Problem Statement ........................................................................
E. The Objective of Study ........................................................................
F. The significances of The Study ............................................................
1
6
6
7
7
8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoritical Description ......................................................................... 9
1. The Nature of Speaking
a. The Meaning of Speaking Skill.................................................... 9
b. The Purpose of Speaking Skill..................................................... 10
c. The Aspects of Speaking Skill..................................................... 11
d. Construct of Speaking Skill......................................................... 13
e. Speaking Assessment.................................................................. 14
f. The Concept of Teaching Speaking............................................ 16
g. The Problem with Speaking Activities and the Ideas for Solving
the Problem................................................................................. 19
h. Characteristics of Successful Speaking Activity........................ 22
2. The Nature of Group Investigation
a. The Meaning of Group Investigation......................................... 22
b. The Steps of Group Investigation.............................................. 24
c. Advantages of Group Investigation........................................... 25
d. Disadvantages of Group Investigation....................................... 25
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3. The Nature of Direct Method
a. The Meaning of Direct Method..................................................
b. The Steps of Direct Method.......................................................
c. Disadvantages of Direct Method................................................
d. Advantages of Direct Method....................................................
4. Communication Apprehension
a. Concept of Communication Apprehension...............................
b. Factors of Reducing Communication Apprehension................
c. Construct of Communication Apprehension.............................
B. Review of Relevant Studies..................................................................
C. Rationale .................... ..........................................................................
D. Hypothesis ............................................................................................
30
32
33
33
37
39
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
A. The Place of the Research .....................................................................
B. The Time of the Research .....................................................................
C. The Method of the Research .................................................................
D. The Subject of the Research .................................................................
E. Technique of Collecting Data ...............................................................
F. Data Analysis .........................................................................................
G. Statistical Hypotheses ............................................................................
40
40
41
41
43
45
48
26
27
29
29
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Implementation of the Research ............................................................ 49
B. Description of Data ................................................................................ 50
C. Pre-requisite Testing .............................................................................. 59
D. Hypothesis test ...................................................................................... 63
E. Discussions ............................................................................................ 68
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions ........................................................................................... 75
B. Implication and Suggestion ..................................... ............................. 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 79
APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 83
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1: Comparing the Indicator of Speaking ............................................... 12
Table 2.1: Rating Scale of Speaking ................................................................ 14
Table 3.1: Comparing of the Indicator of Communication Apprehension ....... 31
Table 4.1: The Activities of the Research ........................................................ 40
Table 5.1: Implementation of the Research ..................................................... 49
Table 6.1: Frequency Distribution of data A1 .................................................. 51
Table 6.2: Frequency Distribution of data A2 .................................................. 52
Table 6.3: Frequency Distribution of data B1 .................................................. 53
Table 6.4: Frequency Distribution of data B2 .................................................. 54
Table 6.5: Frequency Distribution of data A1B1 ............................................... 55
Table 6.6: Frequency Distribution of data A2B1 ............................................... 56
Table 6.7: Frequency Distribution of data A1B2 ............................................... 57
Table 6.8: Frequency Distribution of data A2B2 ............................................... 58
Table 7.1: The Summary of Normality Test ..................................................... 59
Table 8.1: Homogeneity Test ............................................................................ 62
Table 9.1: The Mean Score of the Cells ............................................................ 64
Table 9.2: The Summary of Analysis of Variance ............................................ 64
Table 10.1: The Summary of Tukey Test ......................................................... 66
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ................................................ 51
Figure 1.2: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ................................................ 52
Figure 1.3: Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ................................................ 53
Figure 1.4: Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ................................................ 54
Figure 1.5: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ............................................ 55
Figure 1.6: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B2 ............................................ 56
Figure 1.7: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1 ............................................ 57
Figure 1.8: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B2 ............................................ 58
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LIST OF APPENDICIES
Appendix 1 : Lesson Plan for Experimental Class
........................................
Appendix 2 : Lesson Plan for Control Class ..................................................
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148
Appendix 3 : Blue Print of Communication Apprehension‟s questionnaire .... 215
Appendix 4 : Validity of the questionnaire of CA ........................................... 219
Appendix 5 : Reliability of the questionnaire of CA ....................................... 227
Appendix 6 : Questionnaire of CA after tried out ............................................ 228
Appendix 7 : Readability of Speaking Test ..................................................... 231
Appendix 8 : Speaking Score of Experimental Class ...................................... 232
Appendix 9 : Speaking Score of Control Class ............................................... 233
Appendix 10 : Speaking Score of Students with Low Level of CA ................ 234
Appendix 11 : Speaking Score of Students with High Level of CA ................ 235
Appendix 12 : Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation ....................... 236
Appendix 13 : Normality Test ......................................................................... 244
Appendix 14 : Homogenity Test ...................................................................... 252
Appendix 15 : ANOVA ................................................................................... 253
Appendix 16 : Tukey Test ................................................................................ 255
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