DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES’S ANTIGONE DRAMA (496 BC-406 BC): Desire For Power In Sophocles’s Antigone Drama (496 BC-406 BC): A Psychoanalytic Perspective.
DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES’S ANTIGONE DRAMA
(496 BC-406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
for Gettingthe Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by:
Catur Andayani
A.320080204
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES`S ANTIGONE DRAMA
(496 BC - 406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
CATUR ANDAYANI
A 320 080 204
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum.
NIK. 948
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
ii
ACCEPTANCE
DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES`SANTIGONE DRAMA
(496 BC - 406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
CATUR ANDAYANI
A 320 080 204
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March 2012
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(Chair Person)
(.................................)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum.
(Member I)
(.................................)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
(.................................)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
In this occasion, I state that there is no proposed work before in this
research to get bachelor degree in a certain University and as long as know, there
is also no work or idea that have ever been written or published by other people,
except referred written in this research paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved there will be something wrong in my statement above in
the future, so I will wholly be responsible.
Surakarta, July 2012
Catur Andayani
iv
MOTTO
“Allah will never change the persons’ destiny
until they change it by themselves”
(Ar Rad :11)
“Look deep, deep into nature, and then you will
understand everything better”
(Albert Einstein)
“Don’t spend your time for bad something, but
use your life as the best as possible for your
better future“(Writer)
“Miracle will come after we try and work
hard”
“Studying for life must not be from our
experience, but it can be also from people”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedication to:
Allah SWT
Thanks for always protecting and guiding me
My beloved Mother and Father
Thanks for every single striving and prayer you devote
for me
My lovely Sisters and Brothers
Thanks for nice affection you have presented for me
My love, Mas Adi
Thanks for purity of your heart and sweatest
compassion
Beloved friends
Thanks for loyalty and support as long as learn together
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah hirobbil’ alamin, praise and gratitude to the most gracious
and most merciful, Allah SWT for blessing the writer in performing this research
paper, under the title of “DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES’S
ANTIGONE
DRAMA
(496BC-406
BC):
A
PSYCHOANALYTIC
PERSPECTIVE”. This is the one of the requirements for getting the bachelor
degree in English Department.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible
without other people`s help, so that the writer would like to express her gratitude
and appreciation to:
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S, as the first research consultant who has guided and
advised her during the arrangement of research paper from the beginning until
the end.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum, as the Head of English Department and the
second consultant, thanks for being a good consultant and giving the writer
suggestion in correcting this research paper.
3. Aryati Prasetyarini,S.pd, as the academic consultant.
4. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si., as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All lectures of English Department for the knowledge which has shared to
her.
vii
6. All the staffs of UMS, for services and helping, and all the librarians whose
place has been visited by writer to get references.
7. Her beloved Mother and Father, for giving prayer, love, support, spirit and
advice.
8. Her beloved family, Mas Joko, Maz Di, Mbak Ati, Mbak Nuning, Bulek
Bibit and Om Pur for the support, advice, sacrifices, and prayer in her life.
9. Her funniest nieces and nephews, (Alm) Dian, Farah, Hafid, Fina, and
Alex, for all cutes, smiles, and disputes, they have been coloring her days
become sweet.
10. Her best friends, Donex, Yuni(Adex), Rini(Beib), Ayux, Citra, Duhyta(Bik
Jum), Atien (Atun), Retno (Wowok), Saras, Ikha, Kelik, Selfi, Rossy,
Andam, Azizah, Rutha (Curut), Vika, Arqi, Amin, Anyun, Anugrah and
Bogel, for all the craziness, laugh, tears, sharing, support, and love. She will
never forget the bad and good time.
11. Her friendships in town, Santy, Ria Kity, Anju, Phephe and Supriyadi for
the support, sharing, spirit, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moment.
12. Her dearest friends in “Bu Bayan kost”, Nyonya, Irna, Putrex, Monic,
Ningrum, Mas wiwid and “Kucing-kucinge ibuk”, who are second family
in Solo.
13. Her loyal and best boy friend, Mas Adi who always accompanies her in each
time, for motivation, guidance and hundreds of helps in her sadness and
happiness.
14. All her friends in English Department especially F Community.
viii
15. Her beloved Soul Ijo “K 3621 NP” for delivering her to the campus and
anywhere she goes. For always sticking with her.
16. All the parties that cannot be mentioned one by one.
The writer realizes that this research paper still has a lot of weaknesses.
Therefore, the writer would thank to readers if they can give the suggestion
and criticisms to make the research paper better.
Surakarta, July 2012
CATUR ANDAYANI
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
x
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..................................................
1
B. Literature Review .............................................................
5
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................
6
D. Limitation of the Study .....................................................
6
E. Objective of the Study ......................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
6
G. Research Method ..............................................................
7
H. Paper Organization ...........................................................
9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
10
A. Psychoanalysis .................................................................
10
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis ..........................................
10
2. System of Personality ................................................
11
x
B. Structural Element of the Drama .....................................
14
1. Character and Characterization .................................
14
2. Setting .......................................................................
14
3. Plot ............................................................................
15
4. Style ..........................................................................
16
5. Theme ........................................................................
17
C. Desire ..............................................................................
18
D. Theoretical Application ...................................................
19
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................
20
A. Structural Element of Antigone Drama ............................
20
1. Character and Characterization .................................
20
a. Major Character ..................................................
20
b. Minor Character ..................................................
27
2. Setting .......................................................................
30
3. Plot ............................................................................
31
4. Style ..........................................................................
33
5. Theme ........................................................................
39
B. Discussion .......................................................................
39
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ..................................
43
A. Structure of Creon Personality ........................................
43
1. Id .........................................................................
43
2. Superego ..............................................................
46
3. Ego ......................................................................
48
xi
4. Type of Personality .............................................
51
B. Desire for Power .............................................................
52
C. Discussion .......................................................................
54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
57
A. Conclusion ......................................................................
57
B. Suggestion .......................................................................
58
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
SUMMARY
CATUR ANDAYANI A 320 080 204. DESIRE FOR POWER IN
SOPHOCLES`S ANTIGONE DRAMA (496 BC - 406 BC): A
PSYCHOANALYTIC
PERSPECTIVE.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA. 2012.
The major problem of this study is how the desire for power is reflected in
the major character’s personality. The aim of this study is to analyze Sophocles’s
Antigone drama based on the structural elements and the development of
personality of the major character based on Psychoanalytic Perspective. This
study focuses on the major character, namely Creon.
The method of data collection is qualitative method. This study uses two
data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data source
is the script of the play itself, while the secondary data source includes books and
other data that have relationship with the research. Technique of the Data
Collection is taking note, while the technique of Data Analysis in this study is
descriptive.
Based on the structural analysis it is evident that in this drama, Sophocles
wants to deliver a message that desire for power can bring sufferings to ourselves
and other people. Based on the psychological analysis, it clear that in Antigone
drama Sophocles describes a psychological phenomenon, in which the major
character, Creon has some qualities as ambitious to get the highest position and
authority to achieve power.
Keywords: Desire for Power, Creon, Sufferings
xiii
(496 BC-406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
for Gettingthe Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by:
Catur Andayani
A.320080204
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES`S ANTIGONE DRAMA
(496 BC - 406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
CATUR ANDAYANI
A 320 080 204
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum.
NIK. 948
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
ii
ACCEPTANCE
DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES`SANTIGONE DRAMA
(496 BC - 406 BC):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
CATUR ANDAYANI
A 320 080 204
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March 2012
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(Chair Person)
(.................................)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum.
(Member I)
(.................................)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
(.................................)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
In this occasion, I state that there is no proposed work before in this
research to get bachelor degree in a certain University and as long as know, there
is also no work or idea that have ever been written or published by other people,
except referred written in this research paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved there will be something wrong in my statement above in
the future, so I will wholly be responsible.
Surakarta, July 2012
Catur Andayani
iv
MOTTO
“Allah will never change the persons’ destiny
until they change it by themselves”
(Ar Rad :11)
“Look deep, deep into nature, and then you will
understand everything better”
(Albert Einstein)
“Don’t spend your time for bad something, but
use your life as the best as possible for your
better future“(Writer)
“Miracle will come after we try and work
hard”
“Studying for life must not be from our
experience, but it can be also from people”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedication to:
Allah SWT
Thanks for always protecting and guiding me
My beloved Mother and Father
Thanks for every single striving and prayer you devote
for me
My lovely Sisters and Brothers
Thanks for nice affection you have presented for me
My love, Mas Adi
Thanks for purity of your heart and sweatest
compassion
Beloved friends
Thanks for loyalty and support as long as learn together
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah hirobbil’ alamin, praise and gratitude to the most gracious
and most merciful, Allah SWT for blessing the writer in performing this research
paper, under the title of “DESIRE FOR POWER IN SOPHOCLES’S
ANTIGONE
DRAMA
(496BC-406
BC):
A
PSYCHOANALYTIC
PERSPECTIVE”. This is the one of the requirements for getting the bachelor
degree in English Department.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible
without other people`s help, so that the writer would like to express her gratitude
and appreciation to:
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S, as the first research consultant who has guided and
advised her during the arrangement of research paper from the beginning until
the end.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum, as the Head of English Department and the
second consultant, thanks for being a good consultant and giving the writer
suggestion in correcting this research paper.
3. Aryati Prasetyarini,S.pd, as the academic consultant.
4. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si., as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All lectures of English Department for the knowledge which has shared to
her.
vii
6. All the staffs of UMS, for services and helping, and all the librarians whose
place has been visited by writer to get references.
7. Her beloved Mother and Father, for giving prayer, love, support, spirit and
advice.
8. Her beloved family, Mas Joko, Maz Di, Mbak Ati, Mbak Nuning, Bulek
Bibit and Om Pur for the support, advice, sacrifices, and prayer in her life.
9. Her funniest nieces and nephews, (Alm) Dian, Farah, Hafid, Fina, and
Alex, for all cutes, smiles, and disputes, they have been coloring her days
become sweet.
10. Her best friends, Donex, Yuni(Adex), Rini(Beib), Ayux, Citra, Duhyta(Bik
Jum), Atien (Atun), Retno (Wowok), Saras, Ikha, Kelik, Selfi, Rossy,
Andam, Azizah, Rutha (Curut), Vika, Arqi, Amin, Anyun, Anugrah and
Bogel, for all the craziness, laugh, tears, sharing, support, and love. She will
never forget the bad and good time.
11. Her friendships in town, Santy, Ria Kity, Anju, Phephe and Supriyadi for
the support, sharing, spirit, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moment.
12. Her dearest friends in “Bu Bayan kost”, Nyonya, Irna, Putrex, Monic,
Ningrum, Mas wiwid and “Kucing-kucinge ibuk”, who are second family
in Solo.
13. Her loyal and best boy friend, Mas Adi who always accompanies her in each
time, for motivation, guidance and hundreds of helps in her sadness and
happiness.
14. All her friends in English Department especially F Community.
viii
15. Her beloved Soul Ijo “K 3621 NP” for delivering her to the campus and
anywhere she goes. For always sticking with her.
16. All the parties that cannot be mentioned one by one.
The writer realizes that this research paper still has a lot of weaknesses.
Therefore, the writer would thank to readers if they can give the suggestion
and criticisms to make the research paper better.
Surakarta, July 2012
CATUR ANDAYANI
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
x
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..................................................
1
B. Literature Review .............................................................
5
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................
6
D. Limitation of the Study .....................................................
6
E. Objective of the Study ......................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
6
G. Research Method ..............................................................
7
H. Paper Organization ...........................................................
9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
10
A. Psychoanalysis .................................................................
10
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis ..........................................
10
2. System of Personality ................................................
11
x
B. Structural Element of the Drama .....................................
14
1. Character and Characterization .................................
14
2. Setting .......................................................................
14
3. Plot ............................................................................
15
4. Style ..........................................................................
16
5. Theme ........................................................................
17
C. Desire ..............................................................................
18
D. Theoretical Application ...................................................
19
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................
20
A. Structural Element of Antigone Drama ............................
20
1. Character and Characterization .................................
20
a. Major Character ..................................................
20
b. Minor Character ..................................................
27
2. Setting .......................................................................
30
3. Plot ............................................................................
31
4. Style ..........................................................................
33
5. Theme ........................................................................
39
B. Discussion .......................................................................
39
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ..................................
43
A. Structure of Creon Personality ........................................
43
1. Id .........................................................................
43
2. Superego ..............................................................
46
3. Ego ......................................................................
48
xi
4. Type of Personality .............................................
51
B. Desire for Power .............................................................
52
C. Discussion .......................................................................
54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
57
A. Conclusion ......................................................................
57
B. Suggestion .......................................................................
58
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
SUMMARY
CATUR ANDAYANI A 320 080 204. DESIRE FOR POWER IN
SOPHOCLES`S ANTIGONE DRAMA (496 BC - 406 BC): A
PSYCHOANALYTIC
PERSPECTIVE.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA. 2012.
The major problem of this study is how the desire for power is reflected in
the major character’s personality. The aim of this study is to analyze Sophocles’s
Antigone drama based on the structural elements and the development of
personality of the major character based on Psychoanalytic Perspective. This
study focuses on the major character, namely Creon.
The method of data collection is qualitative method. This study uses two
data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data source
is the script of the play itself, while the secondary data source includes books and
other data that have relationship with the research. Technique of the Data
Collection is taking note, while the technique of Data Analysis in this study is
descriptive.
Based on the structural analysis it is evident that in this drama, Sophocles
wants to deliver a message that desire for power can bring sufferings to ourselves
and other people. Based on the psychological analysis, it clear that in Antigone
drama Sophocles describes a psychological phenomenon, in which the major
character, Creon has some qualities as ambitious to get the highest position and
authority to achieve power.
Keywords: Desire for Power, Creon, Sufferings
xiii