WRITTEN GENRES BY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In completing this thesis, the writer wi.sht::s to acknowledge her deepest gratitude
for all the generous guidance and assistance that have been given to her by many people.
Since it is not possible to name all of them, some deserve her very.sptcial. thankfulness.
First and foremost, God the Almighty with His Guidance and Blessings, that the
thesis could be completed.
Second. the writer's deepest appreciation and gratitude is cspecTally directed IQ,
Prof. Tinu M~
r iny
Kariman, Dra., M.A., Ph.D., her first consultant, for her cuuli uuuus
supervision. full attention and endless encouragement given to her throughout the procs~
of completing the thesis.
Third, her special thanks and appreciation are addressed to Amrin Saragih. M.A...,
Ph.D .. her second consultant for his special eftorts in guiding, advising, and encouraging
her to finish her thesis in due course.
fourth, the writer is very grateful to Prof. Dr. Jawa5i Naibaho, Dip!. Ap. Ling.
I h.:all uf the English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program for his motivation and
suggestjons jn the completion of the thesis.
Fifth, many thanks are extended to Ora. Meisuri. M .A., Secretary of rhc Engli sh
Applied Li)1guistics Graduate Program for her advice in fin ishing the thesis.
111
A special gratitude goes to Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho, Dipl. Ap. Ling., Dr. Lince
Sihombing, M.Pd. and Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., her reviewers for their time spent in
giving oral as well as written suggestions for the improvement of the thesis.
Tt is a great pleasure to take this opportunity to say ''thank you so much" to all
lecturers for their lectures and all frienas for the support, frienash1p. and togetherness.
Last but not least, a very special gratitw;ie is directed to her Beloved fami ly for
their endless love, care, s up~ort
and prayers during her time spent studying.
May God Bless Us.
Medan, January 2004
"'Cl
Eka Nilam Sari
z
~
~
m
.b
m
&,,
~9
IV
LIST OF CHARTS
Page
Chart
I.
Text Analysjs of Narrative
26
2.
T he Schematic Structmes of Recount in Controlled Data Setting
30
"
"·
The Sch ematic Structures of Exposition in Gonfrolled Data Setting
31
The ${:hematic Structures of Report in Controlled Data S 'tting
The Schematic Structures of Description in Controlled Data Settmg
The Schematic Structures of Discussion in Controlled Data Setting
35
The Schematic Structures of Description in Free Data Setting
3g
8.
The Schematic Structures of Recount in Free Data Setting
40
9.
The Schematic Structures of Report in Free Data Setting
42
10.
The Schematic Structures of Exposition in Free Data Setting
43
11.
The Schematic Structures of Discussion in free Data Setling
44
12.
T he Schemalit: Structures ofNanralive in Free Data Setting
46
13.
Linguistic Realizations of Exposition
55
14.
Li11guistic Realizations of Description
56
15 .
Linguistic Realizations ofRecount
5;'/
16.
Linguistic Realizations ofReport
ss
17.
Un
18.
LinguiStic Reali:attions of Narrative
~ u istc
R.eali7..ations of Discussio n
IX
~9
59
60
Cl
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
IS
l.
Rcgisterof TeXt 2.2 .4
2.
The Purpose of Language Usage and Text Realization
18
3.
Types of Written Oenres in Control1ed Data Setting
27
4.
Proportion of Genres in Controlled Data Setting
28
5.
Types of Written Genres in Free Data Setting
37
6.
Proportion of Genres in Free Data Setting
38
Cl
z
~
~
~
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&It I
Vlll
T.TST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure
Meaning Realization
ISG
The Role of Language in Context
The Level of Languagc Usage
VII
8
9
ABSTRACT
Ekn Nilam Sari. 0 150 10023 . W ritten Genres by High School Students. T hesis: English
Applied Linguistic Graduate Department. L'NIMED. 2004
The thesis deals w ith written genres written by Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah
Umum:SM U) students. The study attempts to investigate types t>f gemes and the
dominant ones 'hTitten by the students. It also analyzes schematic structure- of each genre
and elaborates linguistic real ization that occur in each gem-e.. Thirty student of SMU 3
Medan were taken as the sample oftM research. They were asked to Write compositions
in two different settings - controlled and free settings. Based on the o btained"informatiQn.
the data were. analyzed. Systemic ftmctional linguistics was applied as the theoretical
framework and lhe analysis was conducted by applying the pattern of schematic
e 1n mgs 1 1ca e, t at
structures (Deginning"MiddJc"End) o eac text pro ucec .
there were six types of genres produced by the students, namely: ~ xpos
i ti o n,
Description , Recount, Report, Discussion, and Narrative. The schematic structures of
the six types of genres written by the students as follows: E xposition
~ T hesi
Argumentations" Conclusion);Dcscription (ldentification" Descriptions" (Closing.
ExprcssJon!Conclusion):Rccount(Orientation" Events"Reorientation);Report(Oricntation
" Descriptions"(Con
In completing this thesis, the writer wi.sht::s to acknowledge her deepest gratitude
for all the generous guidance and assistance that have been given to her by many people.
Since it is not possible to name all of them, some deserve her very.sptcial. thankfulness.
First and foremost, God the Almighty with His Guidance and Blessings, that the
thesis could be completed.
Second. the writer's deepest appreciation and gratitude is cspecTally directed IQ,
Prof. Tinu M~
r iny
Kariman, Dra., M.A., Ph.D., her first consultant, for her cuuli uuuus
supervision. full attention and endless encouragement given to her throughout the procs~
of completing the thesis.
Third, her special thanks and appreciation are addressed to Amrin Saragih. M.A...,
Ph.D .. her second consultant for his special eftorts in guiding, advising, and encouraging
her to finish her thesis in due course.
fourth, the writer is very grateful to Prof. Dr. Jawa5i Naibaho, Dip!. Ap. Ling.
I h.:all uf the English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program for his motivation and
suggestjons jn the completion of the thesis.
Fifth, many thanks are extended to Ora. Meisuri. M .A., Secretary of rhc Engli sh
Applied Li)1guistics Graduate Program for her advice in fin ishing the thesis.
111
A special gratitude goes to Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho, Dipl. Ap. Ling., Dr. Lince
Sihombing, M.Pd. and Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., her reviewers for their time spent in
giving oral as well as written suggestions for the improvement of the thesis.
Tt is a great pleasure to take this opportunity to say ''thank you so much" to all
lecturers for their lectures and all frienas for the support, frienash1p. and togetherness.
Last but not least, a very special gratitw;ie is directed to her Beloved fami ly for
their endless love, care, s up~ort
and prayers during her time spent studying.
May God Bless Us.
Medan, January 2004
"'Cl
Eka Nilam Sari
z
~
~
m
.b
m
&,,
~9
IV
LIST OF CHARTS
Page
Chart
I.
Text Analysjs of Narrative
26
2.
T he Schematic Structmes of Recount in Controlled Data Setting
30
"
"·
The Sch ematic Structures of Exposition in Gonfrolled Data Setting
31
The ${:hematic Structures of Report in Controlled Data S 'tting
The Schematic Structures of Description in Controlled Data Settmg
The Schematic Structures of Discussion in Controlled Data Setting
35
The Schematic Structures of Description in Free Data Setting
3g
8.
The Schematic Structures of Recount in Free Data Setting
40
9.
The Schematic Structures of Report in Free Data Setting
42
10.
The Schematic Structures of Exposition in Free Data Setting
43
11.
The Schematic Structures of Discussion in free Data Setling
44
12.
T he Schemalit: Structures ofNanralive in Free Data Setting
46
13.
Linguistic Realizations of Exposition
55
14.
Li11guistic Realizations of Description
56
15 .
Linguistic Realizations ofRecount
5;'/
16.
Linguistic Realizations ofReport
ss
17.
Un
18.
LinguiStic Reali:attions of Narrative
~ u istc
R.eali7..ations of Discussio n
IX
~9
59
60
Cl
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
IS
l.
Rcgisterof TeXt 2.2 .4
2.
The Purpose of Language Usage and Text Realization
18
3.
Types of Written Oenres in Control1ed Data Setting
27
4.
Proportion of Genres in Controlled Data Setting
28
5.
Types of Written Genres in Free Data Setting
37
6.
Proportion of Genres in Free Data Setting
38
Cl
z
~
~
~
m
.b
m
~9
&It I
Vlll
T.TST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure
Meaning Realization
ISG
The Role of Language in Context
The Level of Languagc Usage
VII
8
9
ABSTRACT
Ekn Nilam Sari. 0 150 10023 . W ritten Genres by High School Students. T hesis: English
Applied Linguistic Graduate Department. L'NIMED. 2004
The thesis deals w ith written genres written by Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah
Umum:SM U) students. The study attempts to investigate types t>f gemes and the
dominant ones 'hTitten by the students. It also analyzes schematic structure- of each genre
and elaborates linguistic real ization that occur in each gem-e.. Thirty student of SMU 3
Medan were taken as the sample oftM research. They were asked to Write compositions
in two different settings - controlled and free settings. Based on the o btained"informatiQn.
the data were. analyzed. Systemic ftmctional linguistics was applied as the theoretical
framework and lhe analysis was conducted by applying the pattern of schematic
e 1n mgs 1 1ca e, t at
structures (Deginning"MiddJc"End) o eac text pro ucec .
there were six types of genres produced by the students, namely: ~ xpos
i ti o n,
Description , Recount, Report, Discussion, and Narrative. The schematic structures of
the six types of genres written by the students as follows: E xposition
~ T hesi
Argumentations" Conclusion);Dcscription (ldentification" Descriptions" (Closing.
ExprcssJon!Conclusion):Rccount(Orientation" Events"Reorientation);Report(Oricntation
" Descriptions"(Con