Oppression On Women As Portrayed In “Celia, A Slave” And “Woman At Point Zero”: A Comparative Literature
OPPRESSION ON WOMEN AS PORTRAYED IN “CELIA, A SLAVE” AND
“WOMAN AT POINT ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
A THESIS
BY
IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
REG. NO. 130721004
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERISTY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
OPPRESSION ON WOMEN AS PORTRAYED IN “CELIA, A SLAVE” AND
“WOMAN AT POINT ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
A THESIS
BY
IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
REG NO. 130721004
SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S.
NIP. 19521229 197903 2 001
CO SUPERVISOR
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Mucthar, M.S
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held in the faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara on Friday, 9th October 2015
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
…………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph,D.
…………………….
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S.
…………………….
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.S.
…………………….
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OF EXTRECTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS
BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE TO ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
: ……………………
Date
: Friday, 9th October 2015
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
TITLE OF THESIS
: OPPRESSION ON WOMEN AS PORTRAYED
IN “CELIA, A SLAVE” AND “WOMAN AT POINT
ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.
Signed
: ……………………
Date
: Friday, 9th October 2015
ii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Oppression on Women as Portrayed in “Celia, A Slave” and
“Woman At Point Zero”: A Comparative Literature”. Skripsi ini berisi tentang
studi sastra bandingan menggunakan dua novel dari negara yang berbeda dengan
motif yang sama, yaitu penindasan pada perempuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan dalam dua novel tersebut tertindas dan
menemukan kesamaan serta perbedaan terkait masalah ini melalui tingkat dan jenis
penindasan tertentu yaitu, penindasan individu, penindasan institusionil dan
penindasan sosial. Karakter utama dari masing-masing novel, Celia dan Firdaus
mengalami kekerasan fisik, verbal dan mental yang menindas mereka sepanjang
hidup mereka. Studi ini juga melihat unsur intrinsik untuk melihat persamaan dan
perbedaan yang ditemukan dalam dua novel. Dalam menyelesaikan analisis, penulis
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena semua data disampaikan dalam
bentuk kata-kata dan kalimat. Penulis mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber
termasuk novel Celia, A Slave oleh Melton A. McLaurin, Woman At Point Zero oleh
Nawal el Saadawi, buku, artikel dan jurnal yang berkaitan untuk mendukung analisis.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua novel menunjukkan
persamaan dan perbedaan mengenai tingkat dan jenis penindasan. Firdaus dan Celia
mengalami penindasan individu oleh orang terdekat mereka. Mereka berjuang
melawan penindasan institusionil oleh hukum, pendidikan dan media dari masingmasing negara dan juga penindasan sosial oleh peran .
Kata Kunci: Sastra Bandingan, Tekanan Pada Wanita, Peran Gender
iii
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “Oppression on Women as Portrayed in “Celia, A Slave”
and “Woman At Point Zero”: A Comparative Literature”. This thesis contains a
study of comparative literature which involves two novels of different nations with
similar motifs, which are women oppression. The purpose of this study is to find out
how women in the two novels are oppressed and find the similarities as well as
differences regarding the issue in specific levels and types of oppression that are,
individual oppression, institutional oppression and social oppression. The respective
main characters, Celia and Firdaus experience physical, verbal and mental abuse
which oppresses them throughout their lives. The study also involves looking at the
intrinsic elements to look at the similarities and differences found in the two novels.
In completing the analysis, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method which
represents all the data in forms of words and sentences as well as including tables to
show the similarities and differences more clearly. The writer collects data from
various sources including the novels Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin, Woman
At Point Zero by Nawal el Saadawi, relevant books, articles and journals to support
the analysis. Based on the analysis it can be found that the novels show similarities
and differences regarding the levels and types of oppression. Firdaus and Celia
experienced an individual oppression by the people closest to them. They struggle
against the institutional oppression done by the respective law, education and media
of each country and also social oppression by the social norms and roles.
Keywords: comparative literature, women oppression, gender role
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, “Alhamdulillah” the writer gives praise and thank to Allah SWT
who has given her the mercy such as life, healthy, times, believe, and blessing.
Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the
darkness to the brightness.
This thesis could have been accomplished with the guidance, suggestions
and comments from many people. In this occasion, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude toward her supervisor, Dra. Martha Pardede, M.A. and cosupervisor, Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum, for the benefit of their wide
knowledge and for their suggestions, guidance and advice in making corrections to
this thesis.
Her gratitude also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. Syahron
Lubis, the Head of English Departement Dr. Muhizar Muchtar M.S. and the
Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A., Ph.D. She also
wishes to express her thanks to all the lectures of the English Department for their
helping and valuable knowledge during her study at this department.
The writer wishes to express her deepest gratitude and love to her beloved
parents, Jalaluddin Ibrahim and Erliza Yusni, who have patiently given moral,
advices, and prayer to their daughter. She also wishes to thank her brother,
Muhammad Hamyasa Jalaluddin for his support and great companion.
v
Then, her great thanks also go to her beloved aunt, Yusharlenny and cousins,
Putra, Rizal, Shinta, Yudhi, Nurul, and Oddi who have taken care of the writer
and for the constant support throughout the academic years she has spent.
For her best friends Liza, Riris, Annis, Nelfi, Yati, Arianda, and Anggi who
have always given the writer supports, critics, and advices. Then for her dearest
partner Atika who has always been the best companion throughout her academic
years in University of Sumatera Utara. The last but not least, thanks to her friends
Tya, Winda, Anggie and the rest of 2013 Extension Class classmates who gave
contribution in supporting the writer to complete the study and her thesis.
Finally, I hope that this thesis will be worthwhile contribution for the readers.
And also receive any constructive criticism to develop this thesis.
Medan, 9th October 2015
The Writer
Ivanaliza Jalaluddin
Reg.No. 130721004
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION................................................................................... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .............................................................................. ii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study .................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study .......................................................... 5
1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................ 5
1.4 Scope of the Study .............................................................. 6
1.5 Significance of the Study ................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................................... 7
2.1 Theory of Literature............................................................ 7
2.2 Brief Description of Comparative Literature ...................... 8
2.3 Brief Description of Oppression ....................................... 11
2.3.1 Women Oppression ....................................................... 12
2.3.2 Levels and Types of Oppression ................................... 12
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ................................................................ 14
3.1 Research Design .............................................................. 14
3.2 Data and Resource Data.................................................... 14
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure ................................................ 14
3.4 Data Analyzing Procedure ................................................ 15
vii
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ....................................................... 16
4.1 Women Oppression Portrayed in Woman At Point Zero .. 16
4.1.1 Individual Oppression.................................................... 17
4.1.2 Collective Oppression.................................................... 23
4.1.3 Institutional Oppression ................................................. 28
4.2 Women Oppression Portrayed Celia, A Slave ................. 31
4.2.1 Individual Oppression.................................................... 32
4.2.2 Collective Oppression.................................................... 36
4.2.3 Institutional Oppression ................................................. 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................................... 42
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................ 42
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................ 48
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 50
APPENDICES
:
Appendix 1
: Biography of Nawal el Saadawi
Appendix 2
: Summary of the novel: Woman At Point Zero
Appendix 3
: Biography of Melton A. McLaurin
Appendix 4
: Summary of the novel: Celia, A Slave
viii
“WOMAN AT POINT ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
A THESIS
BY
IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
REG. NO. 130721004
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERISTY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
OPPRESSION ON WOMEN AS PORTRAYED IN “CELIA, A SLAVE” AND
“WOMAN AT POINT ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
A THESIS
BY
IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
REG NO. 130721004
SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S.
NIP. 19521229 197903 2 001
CO SUPERVISOR
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Mucthar, M.S
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held in the faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara on Friday, 9th October 2015
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
…………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph,D.
…………………….
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S.
…………………….
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.S.
…………………….
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OF EXTRECTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS
BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE TO ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
: ……………………
Date
: Friday, 9th October 2015
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: IVANALIZA JALALUDDIN
TITLE OF THESIS
: OPPRESSION ON WOMEN AS PORTRAYED
IN “CELIA, A SLAVE” AND “WOMAN AT POINT
ZERO”: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.
Signed
: ……………………
Date
: Friday, 9th October 2015
ii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Oppression on Women as Portrayed in “Celia, A Slave” and
“Woman At Point Zero”: A Comparative Literature”. Skripsi ini berisi tentang
studi sastra bandingan menggunakan dua novel dari negara yang berbeda dengan
motif yang sama, yaitu penindasan pada perempuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan dalam dua novel tersebut tertindas dan
menemukan kesamaan serta perbedaan terkait masalah ini melalui tingkat dan jenis
penindasan tertentu yaitu, penindasan individu, penindasan institusionil dan
penindasan sosial. Karakter utama dari masing-masing novel, Celia dan Firdaus
mengalami kekerasan fisik, verbal dan mental yang menindas mereka sepanjang
hidup mereka. Studi ini juga melihat unsur intrinsik untuk melihat persamaan dan
perbedaan yang ditemukan dalam dua novel. Dalam menyelesaikan analisis, penulis
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena semua data disampaikan dalam
bentuk kata-kata dan kalimat. Penulis mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber
termasuk novel Celia, A Slave oleh Melton A. McLaurin, Woman At Point Zero oleh
Nawal el Saadawi, buku, artikel dan jurnal yang berkaitan untuk mendukung analisis.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua novel menunjukkan
persamaan dan perbedaan mengenai tingkat dan jenis penindasan. Firdaus dan Celia
mengalami penindasan individu oleh orang terdekat mereka. Mereka berjuang
melawan penindasan institusionil oleh hukum, pendidikan dan media dari masingmasing negara dan juga penindasan sosial oleh peran .
Kata Kunci: Sastra Bandingan, Tekanan Pada Wanita, Peran Gender
iii
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “Oppression on Women as Portrayed in “Celia, A Slave”
and “Woman At Point Zero”: A Comparative Literature”. This thesis contains a
study of comparative literature which involves two novels of different nations with
similar motifs, which are women oppression. The purpose of this study is to find out
how women in the two novels are oppressed and find the similarities as well as
differences regarding the issue in specific levels and types of oppression that are,
individual oppression, institutional oppression and social oppression. The respective
main characters, Celia and Firdaus experience physical, verbal and mental abuse
which oppresses them throughout their lives. The study also involves looking at the
intrinsic elements to look at the similarities and differences found in the two novels.
In completing the analysis, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method which
represents all the data in forms of words and sentences as well as including tables to
show the similarities and differences more clearly. The writer collects data from
various sources including the novels Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin, Woman
At Point Zero by Nawal el Saadawi, relevant books, articles and journals to support
the analysis. Based on the analysis it can be found that the novels show similarities
and differences regarding the levels and types of oppression. Firdaus and Celia
experienced an individual oppression by the people closest to them. They struggle
against the institutional oppression done by the respective law, education and media
of each country and also social oppression by the social norms and roles.
Keywords: comparative literature, women oppression, gender role
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, “Alhamdulillah” the writer gives praise and thank to Allah SWT
who has given her the mercy such as life, healthy, times, believe, and blessing.
Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the
darkness to the brightness.
This thesis could have been accomplished with the guidance, suggestions
and comments from many people. In this occasion, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude toward her supervisor, Dra. Martha Pardede, M.A. and cosupervisor, Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum, for the benefit of their wide
knowledge and for their suggestions, guidance and advice in making corrections to
this thesis.
Her gratitude also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. Syahron
Lubis, the Head of English Departement Dr. Muhizar Muchtar M.S. and the
Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A., Ph.D. She also
wishes to express her thanks to all the lectures of the English Department for their
helping and valuable knowledge during her study at this department.
The writer wishes to express her deepest gratitude and love to her beloved
parents, Jalaluddin Ibrahim and Erliza Yusni, who have patiently given moral,
advices, and prayer to their daughter. She also wishes to thank her brother,
Muhammad Hamyasa Jalaluddin for his support and great companion.
v
Then, her great thanks also go to her beloved aunt, Yusharlenny and cousins,
Putra, Rizal, Shinta, Yudhi, Nurul, and Oddi who have taken care of the writer
and for the constant support throughout the academic years she has spent.
For her best friends Liza, Riris, Annis, Nelfi, Yati, Arianda, and Anggi who
have always given the writer supports, critics, and advices. Then for her dearest
partner Atika who has always been the best companion throughout her academic
years in University of Sumatera Utara. The last but not least, thanks to her friends
Tya, Winda, Anggie and the rest of 2013 Extension Class classmates who gave
contribution in supporting the writer to complete the study and her thesis.
Finally, I hope that this thesis will be worthwhile contribution for the readers.
And also receive any constructive criticism to develop this thesis.
Medan, 9th October 2015
The Writer
Ivanaliza Jalaluddin
Reg.No. 130721004
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION................................................................................... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .............................................................................. ii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study .................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study .......................................................... 5
1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................ 5
1.4 Scope of the Study .............................................................. 6
1.5 Significance of the Study ................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................................... 7
2.1 Theory of Literature............................................................ 7
2.2 Brief Description of Comparative Literature ...................... 8
2.3 Brief Description of Oppression ....................................... 11
2.3.1 Women Oppression ....................................................... 12
2.3.2 Levels and Types of Oppression ................................... 12
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ................................................................ 14
3.1 Research Design .............................................................. 14
3.2 Data and Resource Data.................................................... 14
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure ................................................ 14
3.4 Data Analyzing Procedure ................................................ 15
vii
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ....................................................... 16
4.1 Women Oppression Portrayed in Woman At Point Zero .. 16
4.1.1 Individual Oppression.................................................... 17
4.1.2 Collective Oppression.................................................... 23
4.1.3 Institutional Oppression ................................................. 28
4.2 Women Oppression Portrayed Celia, A Slave ................. 31
4.2.1 Individual Oppression.................................................... 32
4.2.2 Collective Oppression.................................................... 36
4.2.3 Institutional Oppression ................................................. 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................................... 42
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................ 42
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................ 48
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 50
APPENDICES
:
Appendix 1
: Biography of Nawal el Saadawi
Appendix 2
: Summary of the novel: Woman At Point Zero
Appendix 3
: Biography of Melton A. McLaurin
Appendix 4
: Summary of the novel: Celia, A Slave
viii