DECREASED LEVELS IN WATER WELLS SO4 DIII CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AFTER PASSING DEMINERALIZED WATER WITH METHODS SPEKTROFOTOMETER - Diponegoro University | Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR) DAFTAR ISI TA.

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................. ...i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... ...ii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. ..iii
RINGKASAN .......................................................................................................... ..iv
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. ..v
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... .vii
DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................... ..ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ ..x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...............................................................................................xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1.

Latar Belakang............................................................................... ..1

1.2.

Perumusan Masalah...................................................................... ..3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1.

Sumber-sumber Air ....................................................................... ..4
2.1.1. Air Atmosfer ...................................................................... ..4
2.1.2. Air Laut .............................................................................. ..5
2.1.3. Air Permukaan................................................................... ..5
2.1.4. Air Tanah............................................................................5

2.2.

Macam-macam Kesadahan ......................................................... ..6
2.2.1. Air Sadah Sementara ....................................................... ..6
2.2.2. Air Sadah Tetap ............................................................... ..8

2.3.

Sistem Demineralized .................................................................. 10

2.4.

Prinsip Pertukaran Ion .................................................................. 11

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2.5.

Mekanisme Pertukaran ................................................................. 12

2.6.

Sulfat ............................................................................................ 13

2.7.

Spektrofotometer .......................................................................... 15

BAB III TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT
3.1.

Tujuan ............................................................................................ 20

3.1.1. Tujuan Umum .................................................................... 20
3.1.2. Tujuan Khusus................................................................... 20

3.2.

Manfaat ......................................................................................... 21

BAB IV PERANCANGAN ALAT
4.1.

Spesifikasi dan Perancangan Alat ............................................... 22

4.2.

Gambar Alat ................................................................................... 22

4.3.

Cara Kerja...................................................................................... 23

BAB V METODOLOGI
5.1.

Alat dan Bahan yang digunakan....................................................24
5.1.1. Alat yang Digunakan ..........................................................24
5.1.2. Bahan yang Digunakan......................................................24

5.2.

Variabel Percobaan .......................................................................25

5.3.

Prosedur Percobaan ..................................................................... 25

5.4.

Diagram Alir Percobaan ................................................................ 26

5.5.

Pengamatan yang dilakukan ......................................................... 28

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN
6.1.

Pembahasan ................................................................................. 29

BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
7.1.

Kesimpulan ....................................................................................35

7.2.

Saran .............................................................................................35

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..............................................................................................36

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Hasil pengukuran larutan deret standar SO 42-........................... ..28
Tabel 2. Hasil pengukuran larutan sampel............................................... 28

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran I. Gambar ............................................................................................38
Lampiran II. Tabel Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................42
Lampiran III. Perhitungan S .................................................................................44

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