S TS 0807801 Table of Content
DAFTAR ISI
Hal
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................. …..
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................. …..
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................. …..
DAFTAR ISI ….. ............................................................................................
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... …..
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................... …..
i
iii
iv
vi
viii
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... …..
1.1 Latar Belakang ………………………………………………….
1.2 Identifikasi masalah………………………………………………
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan ….. .............................................................. .
1.4 Pembatasan Masalah … ................................................................
1.5 Lokasi Penelitian ….. ....................................................................
1
1
3
6
7
8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI….. ..................................................................
2.1 Klasifikasi Jalan Raya ….. ........................................................
2.1.1 Klasifikasi Menurut Fungsi Jalan................................. …..
2.1.2 Klasifikasi Menurut Kelas Jalan .................................. …..
2.1.3 Klasifikasi Menurut Layanan Administrasi ................. …..
2.2 Sistem Pembebanan Lalu Lintas ….. ............................................
2.2.1 Survey Lalu Lintas (Traffic Counting) ......................... …..
2.2.2 Beban Sumbu Standar ................................................. …..
2.2.3 Konfigurasi Sumbu dan Pembebanan .......................... …..
2.2.4 Muatan Sumbu Terberat ….. .............................................
2.3 Klasifikasi Lapisan Jalan ….. ......................................................
2.4 Elemen dan Jenis-Jenis Tanah Dasar...................................... …..
2.4.1 Pengertian Tanah Dasar ….. ...............................................
2.4.2 Klasifikasi Tanah Dasar .............................................. …..
2.4.3 Persyaratan Bahan Tanah untuk Tanah Dasar ............. …..
2.4.4 Daya Dukung Tanah Dasar .......................................... …..
2.5 Klasifikasi Bahan Uji.............................................................. …..
2.5.1 Lempung Ekspansif ...................................................... …..
2.5.2 Fly Ash ….. ........................................................................
2.6 Kerusakan Konstruksi Jalan di Atas Tanah Ekspansif….. ...........
2.6.1 Deformasi ….. ....................................................................
2.6.2 Retak (Crack) ….. ..............................................................
2.6.3 Pengangkatan Tanah ….. ...................................................
2.6.4 Penurunan Permukaan ….. ................................................
2.6.5 Longsoran ….. ..................................................................
2.7 Metode Stabilisasi................................................................... …..
2.7.1 Metode Peningkatan dan Stabilitas Tanah ................... …..
2.7.2 Pelaksanaan Stabilisasi ….. ...............................................
2.8 .. Ruang Lingkup Pengujian Laboratorium…………………………
2.8.1 Uji Berat Isi dan Kadar Air Tanah ............................... …..
2.8.2 Penetuan Berat Jenis Tanah ….. .........................................
9
10
10
11
12
13
10
11
17
18
19
22
10
23
26
27
30
31
35
39
39
43
47
47
47
49
49
50
52
52
53
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Uji Batas-Batas Atterberg ….. ............................................
Uji Saringan ….. ...............................................................
Analisis Hidrometer ….. .....................................................
Uji Kompaksi ............................................................... …..
Uji CBR ….. .......................................................................
54
55
56
56
58
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ….. .............................................
3.1 Alur Pikir Penelitian ............................................................... …..
3.2 Alur Kerja Penelitian Laboratorium….. .......................................
3.3 Jenis dan Prosedur Uji Penelitian Laboratorium….. ....................
3.3.1 Index Properties ….. .........................................................
3.3.2 Engineering Properties ................................................ …..
60
61
62
63
63
70
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN........................ …..
4.1 Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel .................................................. …..
4.2 Identifikasi Sampel Uji di Lapangan….. ......................................
4.3 Identifikasi Sampel Uji di Laboratorium….. ................................
4.3.1 Index Properties ….. .........................................................
4.3.1.1 Uji Kadar Air ….....................................................
4.3.1.2 Uji Batas Atterberg ................................................
4.3.1.3 Uji Berat Jenis….. ..................................................
4.3.1.4 Uji Saringan ….. ....................................................
4.3.1.5 Hydrometer Analysis ..............................................
4.3.1.6 Nilai Aktivitas….. ..................................................
4.4 Pelaksanaan Pengujian Trial Mix….. ...........................................
4.4.1 Pengujian Kompaksi ….. ...................................................
4.4.2 Hasil Pengujian swelling, tekanan pengembangan
dan CBR .............................................................................
4.5 Pembahasan ........................................................................... …..
4.5.1 Nilai Kadar Air Optimum ….. ...........................................
4.5.2 Berat Isi Kering ….. ...........................................................
4.5.3 Penentuan CBR design …..................................................
4.5.4 Penentuan CBR design Optimum….. ................................
4.5.5 Korelasi Nilai CBR….. ......................................................
4.5.6 Korelasi Nilai Kadar Air Optimum dengan CBR design…
4.5.7 Uji Validitas….. .................................................................
78
78
79
80
80
81
81
84
85
86
87
90
91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................... …..
5.1 Kesimpulan ….. .............................................................................
5.2 Saran-saran….. .............................................................................
129
129
130
DAFTAR PUSTAKA….. ...............................................................................
LAMPIRAN….. ..............................................................................................
132
136
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.8.5
2.8.6
2.8.7
106
109
110
111
112
119
122
125
126
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal
Gambar 1.1 Peta Lokasi Penelitian ...............................................................…..
8
Gambar 2.1 Penyebara Gaya Pada Jalan .......................................................….. 13
Gambar 2.2 Lapisan Jalan .............................................................................….. 13
Gambar 2.3 Korelasi Nilai CBR dan DDT ...................................................….. 28
Gambar 2.4 Fly-Ash ......................................................................................….. 36
Gambar 4.1 Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel Uji ...............................................….. 78
Gambar 4.2 Sampel Uji .................................................................................….. 79
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Cassagrande Plasticity USCS (1948) .............................….. 84
Gambar 4.4 Distribusi Ukuran Butir .............................................................….. 86
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah Asli ....................................................….. 91
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 2% flyash ........................................….. 94
Gambar 4.7 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 5% flyash ........................................….. 96
Gambar 4.8 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 10% flyash ......................................….. 98
Gambar 4.9 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 20% flyash ......................................….. 100
Gambar 4.10 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 30% flyash ....................................….. 102
Gambar 4.11 Grafik Kadar Air Optimum ....................................................….. 104
Gambar 4.12Grafik Berat Isi Kering.............................................................….. 105
Gambar 4.13 Grafik Swelling ........................................................................….. 106
Gambar 4.14 Swelling Rata-Rata Tiap Campuran ........................................….. 106
Gambar 4.15 Grafik Tekanan Pengembangan ..............................................….. 107
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.16 Grafik Nilai CBR ....................................................................….. 107
Gambar 4.17 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli ...............................................….. 110
Gambar 4.18 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 2% flyash ...........................….. 111
Gambar 4.19 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 5% flyash ...........................….. 112
Gambar 4.20 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 10% flyash .........................….. 113
Gambar 4.21 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 20% flyash .........................….. 114
Gambar 4.22 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 30% flyash .........................….. 115
Gambar 4.23 Grafik CBR Design .................................................................….. 116
Gambar 4.24 Grafik Korelasi CBR dan DDT ...............................................….. 118
Gambar 4.25 Grafik CBR Design dengan Persamaan Polinomial................….. 115
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Hal
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................. …..
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................. …..
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................. …..
DAFTAR ISI ….. ............................................................................................
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... …..
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................... …..
i
iii
iv
vi
viii
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... …..
1.1 Latar Belakang ………………………………………………….
1.2 Identifikasi masalah………………………………………………
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan ….. .............................................................. .
1.4 Pembatasan Masalah … ................................................................
1.5 Lokasi Penelitian ….. ....................................................................
1
1
3
6
7
8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI….. ..................................................................
2.1 Klasifikasi Jalan Raya ….. ........................................................
2.1.1 Klasifikasi Menurut Fungsi Jalan................................. …..
2.1.2 Klasifikasi Menurut Kelas Jalan .................................. …..
2.1.3 Klasifikasi Menurut Layanan Administrasi ................. …..
2.2 Sistem Pembebanan Lalu Lintas ….. ............................................
2.2.1 Survey Lalu Lintas (Traffic Counting) ......................... …..
2.2.2 Beban Sumbu Standar ................................................. …..
2.2.3 Konfigurasi Sumbu dan Pembebanan .......................... …..
2.2.4 Muatan Sumbu Terberat ….. .............................................
2.3 Klasifikasi Lapisan Jalan ….. ......................................................
2.4 Elemen dan Jenis-Jenis Tanah Dasar...................................... …..
2.4.1 Pengertian Tanah Dasar ….. ...............................................
2.4.2 Klasifikasi Tanah Dasar .............................................. …..
2.4.3 Persyaratan Bahan Tanah untuk Tanah Dasar ............. …..
2.4.4 Daya Dukung Tanah Dasar .......................................... …..
2.5 Klasifikasi Bahan Uji.............................................................. …..
2.5.1 Lempung Ekspansif ...................................................... …..
2.5.2 Fly Ash ….. ........................................................................
2.6 Kerusakan Konstruksi Jalan di Atas Tanah Ekspansif….. ...........
2.6.1 Deformasi ….. ....................................................................
2.6.2 Retak (Crack) ….. ..............................................................
2.6.3 Pengangkatan Tanah ….. ...................................................
2.6.4 Penurunan Permukaan ….. ................................................
2.6.5 Longsoran ….. ..................................................................
2.7 Metode Stabilisasi................................................................... …..
2.7.1 Metode Peningkatan dan Stabilitas Tanah ................... …..
2.7.2 Pelaksanaan Stabilisasi ….. ...............................................
2.8 .. Ruang Lingkup Pengujian Laboratorium…………………………
2.8.1 Uji Berat Isi dan Kadar Air Tanah ............................... …..
2.8.2 Penetuan Berat Jenis Tanah ….. .........................................
9
10
10
11
12
13
10
11
17
18
19
22
10
23
26
27
30
31
35
39
39
43
47
47
47
49
49
50
52
52
53
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Uji Batas-Batas Atterberg ….. ............................................
Uji Saringan ….. ...............................................................
Analisis Hidrometer ….. .....................................................
Uji Kompaksi ............................................................... …..
Uji CBR ….. .......................................................................
54
55
56
56
58
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ….. .............................................
3.1 Alur Pikir Penelitian ............................................................... …..
3.2 Alur Kerja Penelitian Laboratorium….. .......................................
3.3 Jenis dan Prosedur Uji Penelitian Laboratorium….. ....................
3.3.1 Index Properties ….. .........................................................
3.3.2 Engineering Properties ................................................ …..
60
61
62
63
63
70
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN........................ …..
4.1 Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel .................................................. …..
4.2 Identifikasi Sampel Uji di Lapangan….. ......................................
4.3 Identifikasi Sampel Uji di Laboratorium….. ................................
4.3.1 Index Properties ….. .........................................................
4.3.1.1 Uji Kadar Air ….....................................................
4.3.1.2 Uji Batas Atterberg ................................................
4.3.1.3 Uji Berat Jenis….. ..................................................
4.3.1.4 Uji Saringan ….. ....................................................
4.3.1.5 Hydrometer Analysis ..............................................
4.3.1.6 Nilai Aktivitas….. ..................................................
4.4 Pelaksanaan Pengujian Trial Mix….. ...........................................
4.4.1 Pengujian Kompaksi ….. ...................................................
4.4.2 Hasil Pengujian swelling, tekanan pengembangan
dan CBR .............................................................................
4.5 Pembahasan ........................................................................... …..
4.5.1 Nilai Kadar Air Optimum ….. ...........................................
4.5.2 Berat Isi Kering ….. ...........................................................
4.5.3 Penentuan CBR design …..................................................
4.5.4 Penentuan CBR design Optimum….. ................................
4.5.5 Korelasi Nilai CBR….. ......................................................
4.5.6 Korelasi Nilai Kadar Air Optimum dengan CBR design…
4.5.7 Uji Validitas….. .................................................................
78
78
79
80
80
81
81
84
85
86
87
90
91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................... …..
5.1 Kesimpulan ….. .............................................................................
5.2 Saran-saran….. .............................................................................
129
129
130
DAFTAR PUSTAKA….. ...............................................................................
LAMPIRAN….. ..............................................................................................
132
136
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.8.5
2.8.6
2.8.7
106
109
110
111
112
119
122
125
126
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal
Gambar 1.1 Peta Lokasi Penelitian ...............................................................…..
8
Gambar 2.1 Penyebara Gaya Pada Jalan .......................................................….. 13
Gambar 2.2 Lapisan Jalan .............................................................................….. 13
Gambar 2.3 Korelasi Nilai CBR dan DDT ...................................................….. 28
Gambar 2.4 Fly-Ash ......................................................................................….. 36
Gambar 4.1 Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel Uji ...............................................….. 78
Gambar 4.2 Sampel Uji .................................................................................….. 79
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Cassagrande Plasticity USCS (1948) .............................….. 84
Gambar 4.4 Distribusi Ukuran Butir .............................................................….. 86
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah Asli ....................................................….. 91
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 2% flyash ........................................….. 94
Gambar 4.7 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 5% flyash ........................................….. 96
Gambar 4.8 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 10% flyash ......................................….. 98
Gambar 4.9 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 20% flyash ......................................….. 100
Gambar 4.10 Grafik Kompaksi Tanah + 30% flyash ....................................….. 102
Gambar 4.11 Grafik Kadar Air Optimum ....................................................….. 104
Gambar 4.12Grafik Berat Isi Kering.............................................................….. 105
Gambar 4.13 Grafik Swelling ........................................................................….. 106
Gambar 4.14 Swelling Rata-Rata Tiap Campuran ........................................….. 106
Gambar 4.15 Grafik Tekanan Pengembangan ..............................................….. 107
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.16 Grafik Nilai CBR ....................................................................….. 107
Gambar 4.17 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli ...............................................….. 110
Gambar 4.18 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 2% flyash ...........................….. 111
Gambar 4.19 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 5% flyash ...........................….. 112
Gambar 4.20 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 10% flyash .........................….. 113
Gambar 4.21 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 20% flyash .........................….. 114
Gambar 4.22 Grafik CBR Design Tanah asli + 30% flyash .........................….. 115
Gambar 4.23 Grafik CBR Design .................................................................….. 116
Gambar 4.24 Grafik Korelasi CBR dan DDT ...............................................….. 118
Gambar 4.25 Grafik CBR Design dengan Persamaan Polinomial................….. 115
vii
Raisa Fadhila,2013
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI SUBGRADE RUAS
JALAN CIBARUSAH CIKARANG JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu