war22ech05acct system
Adeng Pustikaningsih, M.Si.
Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi
Fakultas Ekonomi
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
CP: 08 222 180 1695
Email : [email protected]
5
Accounting
Systems
2
After studying this chapter, you should
be able to:
1. Define an accounting system and describe
its implementation.
2. Journalize and post transactions in a
manual accounting system that uses
subsidiary ledgers and special journals.
3
After studying this chapter, you should
be able to:
3. Describe and give examples of additional
subsidiary ledgers and modified special
journals.
4. Apply computerized accounting to the
revenue and collection cycle.
5. Describe the basic features of e-commerce.
4
5-1
Objective 1
Define an accounting
system and describe its
implementation.
5
Accounting Systems Growth Process
5-1
56
Three Step Process as a Business
Grows and Changes
5-1
Step 1: Analysis
Identify the needs of those who use the
business’s financial information.
Determine how the system should
provide this information.
7
5-1
Step 2: Design
The system is designed so that it meets
the users’ needs.
Step 3: Implementation
The system is implemented and used.
8
Feedback
5-1
Once a system has been
implemented, feedback, or input
from the users of the information
can be used to analyze and
improve the system.
9
Internal Controls
5-1
Internal controls are policies
and procedures that protect
assets from misuse, ensure that
business information is accurate,
and ensure that laws and
regulations are being followed.
10
Processing Methods
5-1
Processing methods are the
means by which the system
collects, summarizes, and
reports accounting information.
These methods may be either
manual or computerized.
11
5-2
Objective 2
Journalize and post transactions
in a manual accounting system
that uses subsidiary ledgers and
special journals.
12
5-2
A large number of individual
accounts with a common
characteristic can be grouped
together in a separate ledger called
a subsidiary ledger.
13
5-2
The primary ledger, which
contains all of the balance
sheet and income statement
accounts, is called a
general ledger.
14
5-2
Each subsidiary ledger is
represented in the general
ledger by a summarizing
account, called a
controlling account.
15
5-2
The individual customers’
accounts are arranged in
alphabetical order in a subsidiary
ledger called the accounts
receivable subsidiary ledger or
customers ledger.
16
5-2
The individual creditors’
accounts are arranged in
alphabetical order in a
subsidiary ledger called the
accounts payable
subsidiary ledger, or
creditors ledger.
17
5-2
General Ledger and Subsidiary Ledgers
General Ledger
Cash
11
Accounts Receivable
Subsidiary Ledger
Accts. Rec.
12
Customer Accounts
A
B
C
Supplies
14
Accounts Payable
Subsidiary Ledger
Accts. Pay.
21
Creditor Accounts
A
B
C
D
D
18
17
5-2
Special Journals
SELLING
Providing services on account
recorded in
Revenue journal
Receipt of cash from any source
recorded in
Cash receipts journal
18
19
5-2
Special Journals
BUYING
Purchase of items on account
recorded in
Purchases journal
Payment of cash for any purpose
recorded in
Cash payments journal
19
20
Special Journals
5-2
The all-purpose two-column
journal, called the general journal
or simply the journal can be used
for entries that do not fit into any of
the special journals.
21
5-2
The revenue journal is used for
recording fees earned on account.
Cash fees earned would be recorded
in the cash receipts journal.
22
5-2
Posting the Revenue Journal
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
5
5
6
6
@solusinet
23
22
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
Post
Ref.
Account Debited
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
Web Cantina
Accessories by Claire
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Accessories by Sintha
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
5
6
2008
Mar. 2
R35 2,200,000
2,200,000
24
23
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
Post
Ref.
Account Debited
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
Web Cantina
Accessories by Claire
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Accessories by Sintha
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
5
6
2008
Mar. 2
R35 2,200,000
2,200,000
25
24
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
5
5
6
6
26
25
5-2
Exhibit 2 Revenue Journal
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
31
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
5
6
27
26
5-2
The debit total is posted from the
revenue journal to Accounts
Receivable in the general ledger.
ACCOUNT Accounts Receivable
Date
Item
Post.
Ref.
Account No. 12
Balance
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
2008
Mar.
1Balance
31
3 400 000
R35
9 600 000
Revenue Journal, page 35
13 000 000
28
27
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
Account Debited
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
RapZone
4
27
Accessories by Sintha
5
31
618
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
Accessories by Sintha
Web Cantina
6
Indicates a debit posting of Rp9,600,000 to
Accounts Receivable (General Ledger Account 12)
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
5
(12)
6
29
28
5-2
The credit total is posted from the
revenue journal to Fees Earned in
the general ledger.
ACCOUNT Fees Earned
Date
Item
Account No. 41
Post.
Ref.
Balance
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
2008
Mar. 31
R35
Revenue Journal, page 35
9 600 000
9 600 000
30
29
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
Account Debited
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
RapZone
4
27
Accessories by Sintha
5
31
6
618
Accessories by Sintha
Web Cantina
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
(12)
(41)
Indicates a credit posting of Rp9,600,000
to Fees Earned (General Ledger Account
41)
5
6
31
30
5-2
Example Exercise 5-1
The following revenue transactions occurred during
December:
Dec. 5 Invoice No. 302 to Budiman for services
provided on account, Rp5,000,000.
Dec. 9 Invoice No. 303 to JoJo Enterprises for
services provided on account, Rp2,100,000.
Dec. 15 Invoice No. 304 to Double D, Inc. for
services provided on account, Rp3,250,000.
Record these transactions in a revenue journal as
illustrated in Exhibit 2.
32
31
5-2
Follow My Example 5-1
Page
Revenue Journal
Invoice
No.
Date
1 Dec.
2
3
Account Debited
5
302
Budiman
9
303
JoJo Enterprises
15
304
Double D Inc.
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
5 000 000 1
2 100 000 2
4
3 250 000 3
4
5
5
6
6
For Practice: PE 5-1A, PE 5-1B
33
32
Cash Receipts Journal
5-2
All transactions that involve the
receipt of cash are recorded in a
cash receipts journal.
Every entry recorded in the cash
receipts journal will involve a debit
to the “Cash Dr.” column.
34
5-2
Cash Receipts Journal and Postings
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
Page 14
Post
Ref.
Account Credited
2008
42
Mar. 1 Rent Revenue
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
19 Web Cantina
28 Accessories by Sintha
30 RapZone
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000 3,400,000
2,200,000 2,200,000
1,750,000 1,750,000
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Rent Revenue
@solusinet
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Acct. No. 42
Credit
Cr. Bal.
2008
Mar. 1
CR14
400,000
400,000
34
35
5-2
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
Page 14
Post
Ref.
Account Credited
2008
42
Mar. 1 Rent Revenue
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
19 Web Cantina
28 Accessories by Sintha
30 RapZone
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000 3,400,000
2,200,000 2,200,000
1,750,000 1,750,000
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Web Cantina
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
2008
Mar. 1 Bal.
3,400,000
18
R35 2,650,000
6,050,000
CR14
19
3,400,000 2,650,000
36
35
5-2
After all journalizing and
posting for the month to
individual accounts is complete,
the columns are totaled.
37
5-2
Posted Cash Receipts Journal
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 1
19
28
30
Account Credited
Rent Revenue
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Page 14
Post
Ref.
42
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000
2,200,000
1,750,000
7,350,000
400,000
3,400,000
2,200,000
1,750,000
7,750,000
( )
(12)
(11)
A checkmark indicates that
the items in this column are
posted individually.
38
37
5-2
After posting, the total amount of the
accounts in the accounts receivable
subsidiary ledger should match the
balance in the general ledger’s
Accounts Receivable account.
39
5-2
Accounts Receivable—(Controlling)
Balance, March 1, 2008
Rp3,400,000
Total debits (from revenue journal)
9,600,000
(7,350,000)
Total credits (from cash receipts journal)
Balance, March 31, 2008
Rp5,650,000
SolusiNet
Customer Balance Summary Report, March 31, 2008
Accessories By Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Total accounts receivable
Rp3,000,000
0
2,650,000
Rp5,650,000
40
39
5-2
Example Exercise 5-2
The debits and credits from two transactions are presented
in the following customer account:
NAME Mitra Prima
ADDRESS
Date
Jalan Raden Saleh No.94
Item
July 1 Bal.
7 Inv. 35
31 Inv. 31
P.R.
R12
CR4
Dr.
Cr.
86
122
Balance
625,000
711,000
589,000
Describe each transaction and the source of each posting.
41
40
5-2
Follow My Example 5-2
July 7 Provided Rp86,000 services on account to Mitra
Prima, itemized on invoice 35. Amount posted
from page 12 of the revenue journal.
July 31 Cash of Rp122,000 was collected from Mitra
Prima (invoice 31). Amount posted from page 4
of the cash receipts journal.
For Practice: PE 5-2A, PE 5-2B
42
41
5-2
The purchases journal is
designed for recording all
purchases on account.
43
5-2
Journalizing in the Purchases Journal
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
Off. Equip.
2,800
1,450,000
960,000
@solusinet
44
43
5-2
Note that the March 12 purchase
of office equipment for
Rp2,800,000 is recorded as a debit
in the “Other Accounts Dr.”
column. Also note that the
account title is written in for
proper posting.
45
5-2
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
Off. Equip.
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
46
45
5-2
Posting the Purchases Journal
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
600,000
420,000
420,000
2,800,000
Off. Equip.
1,450,000 1,450,000
Accounts960,000
Payable 960,000
Subsidiary Ledger
2,800,000
Toko Husin
Date
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Cr.
Balance
2008
Mar 3
P11
600,000 600,000
47
46
5-2
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
Office Equipment (Account 18 in the
general ledger) is debited for Rp2,800,000.
48
47
5-2
At the end of March, all columns are totaled
and equality of debits and credits is verified.
Then the total amount in the “Accounts
Payable Cr.” and “Supplies Dr.” columns are
posted. Because Office Equipment was
posted earlier, the Rp2,800,000 total is not
posted.
49
5-2
Date
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Account Credited Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
31
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
6,230,000
( 21 )
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
3,430,000
( )
2,800,000
( )
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Accounts Payable
Date Item P.R.
2008
Mar. 1 Bal
31
P11
Debit Credit
No. 21
Balance
1,230,000
6,230,000 7,460,000
50
49
5-2
Date
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Account Credited Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
31
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
6,230,000
( 21 )
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
3,430,000
( 14 )
2,800,000
( )
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Supplies
Date Item P.R.
No. 14
Debit Credit
2008
Mar. 1 Bal
31
P11
3,430,000
Balance
2,500,000
5,930,000
51
50
5-2
Example Exercise 5-3
The following purchase transactions occurred during
October for Helping Hand Cleaners:
Oct. 11 Purchased cleaning supplies for Rp235,000, on
account, from General Supplies.
19 Purchased cleaning supplies for Rp110,000, on
account, from Hutama Supplies.
24 Purchased office equipment for Rp850,000, on
account,
from Office Warehouse.
Record these transactions in a purchases journal as
illustrated at the top of Exhibit 5.
51
52
5-2
Follow My Example 5-3
Date
Oct. 11
19
24
Account Credited
General Supplies
Hutama Supplies
Office Warehouse
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
235,000
235,000
110,000
110,000
850,000
Off. Equip.
For Practice: PE 5-3A, PE 5-3B
Post
Ref.
18
Amount
850,000
53
52
Cash Payments Journal
5-2
All transactions involving
a credit to Cash are
recorded in the cash
payments journal.
54
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
Ck.
No.
150
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
On March 2, issued Check 150
for rent of Rp1,600,000.
@solusinet
55
54
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
Ck.
No.
150
151
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Guntur
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000 1,230,000
On March 15, issued Check 151 to
Guntur on account, Rp1,230,000.
56
55
5-2
Let’s post to the accounts
payable subsidiary ledger at
this time to keep the
creditors’ account current.
57
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
150 Rent Expense
151 Guntur
1,600,000
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000 1,230,000
Accounts Payable Subsidiary Ledger
Grayco Supplies
Date
2008
Mar. 3
15
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Bal.
Cr.
Balance
1,230,000
CP7
1,230,000
---
58
57
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
Ck.
No.
150
151
152
153
154
155
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Guntur
Jujur.
Toko Desiana
Utilities Expense
Toko Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
1,230,000
2,800,000
420,000
1,050,000
600,000
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000
2,800,000
420,000
1,050,000
600,000
Journalize the remainder of
March’s cash disbursements.
59
58
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
150
151
152
153
154
155
Rent Expense
Grayco Supplies
Guntur
Jewett Business Sys.
Jujur
Donnelly
Supplies
Toko
Desiana
Utilities Expense
Howard
Supplies
Toko
Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
Journalized
remainder of
Post tothe
individual
March’s
cash disbursements.
creditor’s
accounts.
Cash
Cr
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
60
5921
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
31
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
150
151
152
153
154
155
Rent Expense
Grayco Supplies
Guntur
Jewett Business Sys.
Jujur
Donnelly
Supplies
Toko
Desiana
Utilities Expense
Howard
Supplies
Toko
Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
2,650,000 5,050,000
Cash
Cr
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
7,700,000
The journal is ruled, summed, and verified for
equality of debits and the “Cash Cr.” column.
61
60
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
2008
1,600
1,600
52 1,600,000
Mar. 2 150 Rent Expense
1,600,000
Grayco Supplies
1,230 1,230,000
1,230
15 151 Guntur
1,230,000
Jewett Business Sys.
2,800 2,800,000
2,800
21 152 Jujur
2,800,000
Donnelly
Supplies
420
420
22 153 Toko
Desiana
420,000
420,000
1,050
1,050
30 154 Utilities Expense
1,050,000
54 1,050,000
Howard
Supplies
600
600
31 155 Toko
Husin
600,000
600,000
31 in the “Other Accounts Dr.” 2,650,000 5,050,000 7,700,000
Items
( )
(21)
(11)
column are posted. Then the totals
for “Accounts Payable Dr.” and
“Cash Cr.” are posted.
62
61
5-2
Accounts Payable Control and
Subsidiary Ledger
Accounts Payable—
(Control)
Balance, March 1, 2008
Total credits (from purchases journal)
Total debits (from cash payments journal)
Balance, March 31, 2008
Toko Desiana
Guntur
Toko Husin
Jujur
Total
Rp1,230,000
6,230,000
(5,050,000)
Rp2,410,000
SolusiNet
Supplier Balance Summary Report
March 31, 2008
Rp1,450,000
0
960,000
0
Rp2,410,000
63
62
5-2
Example Exercise 5-4
The debits and credits from two transactions are presented
in the following creditor’s (supplier’s) account:
NAME Lusiana
ADDRESS
Date
Aug. 1
12
22
Jalan Palmerah Selatan No.10
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Cr.
Balance
Bal.
320,000
Bill 101 CP36 200,000
120,000
Bill 106 P16
140,000 260,000
Describe each transaction and the source of each posting.
64
63
5-2
Follow My Example 5-4
Aug. 12 Paid Rp200,000 to Lusiana on account (Bill
101). Amount posted from page CP36 of the
cash payments journal.
Aug. 22 Purchased Rp140,000 of services on account
from Lusiana itemized on Bill 106. Amount
posted from page P16 of the purchases journal.
For Practice: PE 5-4A, PE 5-4B
65
64
5-3
Objective 3
Describe and give
examples of additional
subsidiary ledgers and
modified special journals.
66
Modified Special Journals
5-3
A business may modify its special
journals by adding one or more
columns for recording transactions
that occur frequently.
67
5-3
@solusinet
On November 2, SolusiNet
issued Invoice No. 842 to
Tulus Abadi for
Rp4,770,000, which
included sales taxes of
Rp270,000.
68
Modified Revenue Journal
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
@solusinet
69
68
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
Rp4,770,000 is debited to
Tulus Abadi in the
accounts payable
subsidiary ledger
70
69
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Litten Co.
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
A checkmark indicates
that the amount has
been posted.
71
70
5-3
On November 3, issued Invoice
No. 843 to Kumbang for
Rp1,166,000, which included
sales taxes of Rp66,000.
72
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
3
Invoice
No.
842
843
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Kumbang
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
1 166 000
4 500 000
1 100 000
270 000
66 000
73
72
5-3
Example Exercise 5-5
The state of Tennessee has a 7% sales tax. Sukmajaya,
had two revenue transactions as follows:
Aug. 3 Issued Invoice No. 58 to Helena Company for
services provided on account, Rp1,400,000, plus
VAT
19 Issued Invoice No. 59 to Kalam Enterprises for
services provided on account, Rp900,000, plus
VAT.
Record these transactions in a revenue journal as illustrated
in the previous section.
73
74
5-3
Follow My Example 5-5
Revenue Journal
Invoice
No.
Date
Aug.
3
19
Account Debited
58 Helena
59 Kalam
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
1 540 000
990 000
For Practice: PE 5-5A, PE 5-5B
1 400 000
900 000
140 000
90 000
75
74
5-4
Objective 4
Apply computerized
accounting to the revenue
and collection cycle.
76
Database
5-4
A database collects,
stores, and organizes
information in a
retrievable format.
77
5-4
78
77
5-4
At any time, managers may request
reports from the software.
1) The customer balance
summary.
2) The fees earned by customer
detail.
3) The cash receipts.
79
5-5
Objective 5
Describe the basic
features of e-commerce.
80
e-Commerce
5-5
Using the Internet to
perform business
transactions is
termed e-commerce.
81
B2C
5-5
When transactions are between
a company and a consumer, it
is termed B2C (business-toconsumer) e-commerce.
82
5-5
Three more advanced areas where the
Internet is being used for business
purposes are:
Supply chain management (SCM)
Consumer relationship management
(CRM)
Product life-cycle management
(PLM)
83
Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi
Fakultas Ekonomi
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
CP: 08 222 180 1695
Email : [email protected]
5
Accounting
Systems
2
After studying this chapter, you should
be able to:
1. Define an accounting system and describe
its implementation.
2. Journalize and post transactions in a
manual accounting system that uses
subsidiary ledgers and special journals.
3
After studying this chapter, you should
be able to:
3. Describe and give examples of additional
subsidiary ledgers and modified special
journals.
4. Apply computerized accounting to the
revenue and collection cycle.
5. Describe the basic features of e-commerce.
4
5-1
Objective 1
Define an accounting
system and describe its
implementation.
5
Accounting Systems Growth Process
5-1
56
Three Step Process as a Business
Grows and Changes
5-1
Step 1: Analysis
Identify the needs of those who use the
business’s financial information.
Determine how the system should
provide this information.
7
5-1
Step 2: Design
The system is designed so that it meets
the users’ needs.
Step 3: Implementation
The system is implemented and used.
8
Feedback
5-1
Once a system has been
implemented, feedback, or input
from the users of the information
can be used to analyze and
improve the system.
9
Internal Controls
5-1
Internal controls are policies
and procedures that protect
assets from misuse, ensure that
business information is accurate,
and ensure that laws and
regulations are being followed.
10
Processing Methods
5-1
Processing methods are the
means by which the system
collects, summarizes, and
reports accounting information.
These methods may be either
manual or computerized.
11
5-2
Objective 2
Journalize and post transactions
in a manual accounting system
that uses subsidiary ledgers and
special journals.
12
5-2
A large number of individual
accounts with a common
characteristic can be grouped
together in a separate ledger called
a subsidiary ledger.
13
5-2
The primary ledger, which
contains all of the balance
sheet and income statement
accounts, is called a
general ledger.
14
5-2
Each subsidiary ledger is
represented in the general
ledger by a summarizing
account, called a
controlling account.
15
5-2
The individual customers’
accounts are arranged in
alphabetical order in a subsidiary
ledger called the accounts
receivable subsidiary ledger or
customers ledger.
16
5-2
The individual creditors’
accounts are arranged in
alphabetical order in a
subsidiary ledger called the
accounts payable
subsidiary ledger, or
creditors ledger.
17
5-2
General Ledger and Subsidiary Ledgers
General Ledger
Cash
11
Accounts Receivable
Subsidiary Ledger
Accts. Rec.
12
Customer Accounts
A
B
C
Supplies
14
Accounts Payable
Subsidiary Ledger
Accts. Pay.
21
Creditor Accounts
A
B
C
D
D
18
17
5-2
Special Journals
SELLING
Providing services on account
recorded in
Revenue journal
Receipt of cash from any source
recorded in
Cash receipts journal
18
19
5-2
Special Journals
BUYING
Purchase of items on account
recorded in
Purchases journal
Payment of cash for any purpose
recorded in
Cash payments journal
19
20
Special Journals
5-2
The all-purpose two-column
journal, called the general journal
or simply the journal can be used
for entries that do not fit into any of
the special journals.
21
5-2
The revenue journal is used for
recording fees earned on account.
Cash fees earned would be recorded
in the cash receipts journal.
22
5-2
Posting the Revenue Journal
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
5
5
6
6
@solusinet
23
22
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
Post
Ref.
Account Debited
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
Web Cantina
Accessories by Claire
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Accessories by Sintha
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
5
6
2008
Mar. 2
R35 2,200,000
2,200,000
24
23
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
Post
Ref.
Account Debited
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
Web Cantina
Accessories by Claire
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Accessories by Sintha
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
5
6
2008
Mar. 2
R35 2,200,000
2,200,000
25
24
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
5
5
6
6
26
25
5-2
Exhibit 2 Revenue Journal
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
4
27 618
5
6
31
Account Debited
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
5
6
27
26
5-2
The debit total is posted from the
revenue journal to Accounts
Receivable in the general ledger.
ACCOUNT Accounts Receivable
Date
Item
Post.
Ref.
Account No. 12
Balance
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
2008
Mar.
1Balance
31
3 400 000
R35
9 600 000
Revenue Journal, page 35
13 000 000
28
27
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
Account Debited
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
RapZone
4
27
Accessories by Sintha
5
31
618
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
Accessories by Sintha
Web Cantina
6
Indicates a debit posting of Rp9,600,000 to
Accounts Receivable (General Ledger Account 12)
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
5
(12)
6
29
28
5-2
The credit total is posted from the
revenue journal to Fees Earned in
the general ledger.
ACCOUNT Fees Earned
Date
Item
Account No. 41
Post.
Ref.
Balance
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
2008
Mar. 31
R35
Revenue Journal, page 35
9 600 000
9 600 000
30
29
5-2
Page 35
Revenue Journal
Date
Invoice
No.
Account Debited
2008
1 Mar.
2 615
2
6 616
3
18 617
RapZone
4
27
Accessories by Sintha
5
31
6
618
Accessories by Sintha
Web Cantina
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
2 200 000 1
1 750 000 2
2 650 000 3
3 000 000 4
9 600 000
(12)
(41)
Indicates a credit posting of Rp9,600,000
to Fees Earned (General Ledger Account
41)
5
6
31
30
5-2
Example Exercise 5-1
The following revenue transactions occurred during
December:
Dec. 5 Invoice No. 302 to Budiman for services
provided on account, Rp5,000,000.
Dec. 9 Invoice No. 303 to JoJo Enterprises for
services provided on account, Rp2,100,000.
Dec. 15 Invoice No. 304 to Double D, Inc. for
services provided on account, Rp3,250,000.
Record these transactions in a revenue journal as
illustrated in Exhibit 2.
32
31
5-2
Follow My Example 5-1
Page
Revenue Journal
Invoice
No.
Date
1 Dec.
2
3
Account Debited
5
302
Budiman
9
303
JoJo Enterprises
15
304
Double D Inc.
Post
Ref.
Accts. Rec. – Debit
Fees Earned – Credit
5 000 000 1
2 100 000 2
4
3 250 000 3
4
5
5
6
6
For Practice: PE 5-1A, PE 5-1B
33
32
Cash Receipts Journal
5-2
All transactions that involve the
receipt of cash are recorded in a
cash receipts journal.
Every entry recorded in the cash
receipts journal will involve a debit
to the “Cash Dr.” column.
34
5-2
Cash Receipts Journal and Postings
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
Page 14
Post
Ref.
Account Credited
2008
42
Mar. 1 Rent Revenue
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
19 Web Cantina
28 Accessories by Sintha
30 RapZone
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000 3,400,000
2,200,000 2,200,000
1,750,000 1,750,000
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Rent Revenue
@solusinet
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Acct. No. 42
Credit
Cr. Bal.
2008
Mar. 1
CR14
400,000
400,000
34
35
5-2
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
Page 14
Post
Ref.
Account Credited
2008
42
Mar. 1 Rent Revenue
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
19 Web Cantina
28 Accessories by Sintha
30 RapZone
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000 3,400,000
2,200,000 2,200,000
1,750,000 1,750,000
Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Web Cantina
Date
Item
P.R.
Debit
Credit
Balance
2008
Mar. 1 Bal.
3,400,000
18
R35 2,650,000
6,050,000
CR14
19
3,400,000 2,650,000
36
35
5-2
After all journalizing and
posting for the month to
individual accounts is complete,
the columns are totaled.
37
5-2
Posted Cash Receipts Journal
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 1
19
28
30
Account Credited
Rent Revenue
Web Cantina
Accessories by Sintha
RapZone
Page 14
Post
Ref.
42
Other
Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Cr.
Cr.
400,000
Cash
Dr.
400,000
3,400,000
2,200,000
1,750,000
7,350,000
400,000
3,400,000
2,200,000
1,750,000
7,750,000
( )
(12)
(11)
A checkmark indicates that
the items in this column are
posted individually.
38
37
5-2
After posting, the total amount of the
accounts in the accounts receivable
subsidiary ledger should match the
balance in the general ledger’s
Accounts Receivable account.
39
5-2
Accounts Receivable—(Controlling)
Balance, March 1, 2008
Rp3,400,000
Total debits (from revenue journal)
9,600,000
(7,350,000)
Total credits (from cash receipts journal)
Balance, March 31, 2008
Rp5,650,000
SolusiNet
Customer Balance Summary Report, March 31, 2008
Accessories By Sintha
RapZone
Web Cantina
Total accounts receivable
Rp3,000,000
0
2,650,000
Rp5,650,000
40
39
5-2
Example Exercise 5-2
The debits and credits from two transactions are presented
in the following customer account:
NAME Mitra Prima
ADDRESS
Date
Jalan Raden Saleh No.94
Item
July 1 Bal.
7 Inv. 35
31 Inv. 31
P.R.
R12
CR4
Dr.
Cr.
86
122
Balance
625,000
711,000
589,000
Describe each transaction and the source of each posting.
41
40
5-2
Follow My Example 5-2
July 7 Provided Rp86,000 services on account to Mitra
Prima, itemized on invoice 35. Amount posted
from page 12 of the revenue journal.
July 31 Cash of Rp122,000 was collected from Mitra
Prima (invoice 31). Amount posted from page 4
of the cash receipts journal.
For Practice: PE 5-2A, PE 5-2B
42
41
5-2
The purchases journal is
designed for recording all
purchases on account.
43
5-2
Journalizing in the Purchases Journal
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
Off. Equip.
2,800
1,450,000
960,000
@solusinet
44
43
5-2
Note that the March 12 purchase
of office equipment for
Rp2,800,000 is recorded as a debit
in the “Other Accounts Dr.”
column. Also note that the
account title is written in for
proper posting.
45
5-2
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
Off. Equip.
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
46
45
5-2
Posting the Purchases Journal
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable
Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
Page 11
Post
Ref.
Amount
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
600,000
420,000
420,000
2,800,000
Off. Equip.
1,450,000 1,450,000
Accounts960,000
Payable 960,000
Subsidiary Ledger
2,800,000
Toko Husin
Date
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Cr.
Balance
2008
Mar 3
P11
600,000 600,000
47
46
5-2
Date
Account Credited
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
Office Equipment (Account 18 in the
general ledger) is debited for Rp2,800,000.
48
47
5-2
At the end of March, all columns are totaled
and equality of debits and credits is verified.
Then the total amount in the “Accounts
Payable Cr.” and “Supplies Dr.” columns are
posted. Because Office Equipment was
posted earlier, the Rp2,800,000 total is not
posted.
49
5-2
Date
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Account Credited Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
31
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
6,230,000
( 21 )
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
3,430,000
( )
2,800,000
( )
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Accounts Payable
Date Item P.R.
2008
Mar. 1 Bal
31
P11
Debit Credit
No. 21
Balance
1,230,000
6,230,000 7,460,000
50
49
5-2
Date
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Post Payable Supplies
Account Credited Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Page 11
Other
Accounts
Dr.
Post
Ref.
Amount
Off. Equip.
18
2,800,000
2008
Mar. 3
7
12
19
27
31
Toko Husin
Toko Desiana
Jujur
Toko Desiana
Toko Husin
600,000
420,000
2,800,000
1,450,000
960,000
6,230,000
( 21 )
600,000
420,000
1,450,000
960,000
3,430,000
( 14 )
2,800,000
( )
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNT Supplies
Date Item P.R.
No. 14
Debit Credit
2008
Mar. 1 Bal
31
P11
3,430,000
Balance
2,500,000
5,930,000
51
50
5-2
Example Exercise 5-3
The following purchase transactions occurred during
October for Helping Hand Cleaners:
Oct. 11 Purchased cleaning supplies for Rp235,000, on
account, from General Supplies.
19 Purchased cleaning supplies for Rp110,000, on
account, from Hutama Supplies.
24 Purchased office equipment for Rp850,000, on
account,
from Office Warehouse.
Record these transactions in a purchases journal as
illustrated at the top of Exhibit 5.
51
52
5-2
Follow My Example 5-3
Date
Oct. 11
19
24
Account Credited
General Supplies
Hutama Supplies
Office Warehouse
PURCHASES JOURNAL
Accts.
Other
Post Payable Supplies Accounts
Ref.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
235,000
235,000
110,000
110,000
850,000
Off. Equip.
For Practice: PE 5-3A, PE 5-3B
Post
Ref.
18
Amount
850,000
53
52
Cash Payments Journal
5-2
All transactions involving
a credit to Cash are
recorded in the cash
payments journal.
54
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
Ck.
No.
150
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
On March 2, issued Check 150
for rent of Rp1,600,000.
@solusinet
55
54
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
Ck.
No.
150
151
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Guntur
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000 1,230,000
On March 15, issued Check 151 to
Guntur on account, Rp1,230,000.
56
55
5-2
Let’s post to the accounts
payable subsidiary ledger at
this time to keep the
creditors’ account current.
57
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
150 Rent Expense
151 Guntur
1,600,000
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000 1,230,000
Accounts Payable Subsidiary Ledger
Grayco Supplies
Date
2008
Mar. 3
15
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Bal.
Cr.
Balance
1,230,000
CP7
1,230,000
---
58
57
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
Ck.
No.
150
151
152
153
154
155
Account Debited
Rent Expense
Guntur
Jujur.
Toko Desiana
Utilities Expense
Toko Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600,000
1,230,000
2,800,000
420,000
1,050,000
600,000
Cash
Cr
1,600,000
1,230,000
2,800,000
420,000
1,050,000
600,000
Journalize the remainder of
March’s cash disbursements.
59
58
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
150
151
152
153
154
155
Rent Expense
Grayco Supplies
Guntur
Jewett Business Sys.
Jujur
Donnelly
Supplies
Toko
Desiana
Utilities Expense
Howard
Supplies
Toko
Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
Journalized
remainder of
Post tothe
individual
March’s
cash disbursements.
creditor’s
accounts.
Cash
Cr
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
60
5921
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
2008
Mar. 2
15
21
22
30
31
31
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
150
151
152
153
154
155
Rent Expense
Grayco Supplies
Guntur
Jewett Business Sys.
Jujur
Donnelly
Supplies
Toko
Desiana
Utilities Expense
Howard
Supplies
Toko
Husin
PAGE 7
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
2,650,000 5,050,000
Cash
Cr
1,600
1,600,000
1,230
1,230,000
2,800
2,800,000
420
420,000
1,050
1,050,000
600
600,000
7,700,000
The journal is ruled, summed, and verified for
equality of debits and the “Cash Cr.” column.
61
60
5-2
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Date
Ck.
No.
Account Debited
Other Accounts
Post Accounts Payable
Ref.
Dr.
Dr.
PAGE 7
Cash
Cr
2008
1,600
1,600
52 1,600,000
Mar. 2 150 Rent Expense
1,600,000
Grayco Supplies
1,230 1,230,000
1,230
15 151 Guntur
1,230,000
Jewett Business Sys.
2,800 2,800,000
2,800
21 152 Jujur
2,800,000
Donnelly
Supplies
420
420
22 153 Toko
Desiana
420,000
420,000
1,050
1,050
30 154 Utilities Expense
1,050,000
54 1,050,000
Howard
Supplies
600
600
31 155 Toko
Husin
600,000
600,000
31 in the “Other Accounts Dr.” 2,650,000 5,050,000 7,700,000
Items
( )
(21)
(11)
column are posted. Then the totals
for “Accounts Payable Dr.” and
“Cash Cr.” are posted.
62
61
5-2
Accounts Payable Control and
Subsidiary Ledger
Accounts Payable—
(Control)
Balance, March 1, 2008
Total credits (from purchases journal)
Total debits (from cash payments journal)
Balance, March 31, 2008
Toko Desiana
Guntur
Toko Husin
Jujur
Total
Rp1,230,000
6,230,000
(5,050,000)
Rp2,410,000
SolusiNet
Supplier Balance Summary Report
March 31, 2008
Rp1,450,000
0
960,000
0
Rp2,410,000
63
62
5-2
Example Exercise 5-4
The debits and credits from two transactions are presented
in the following creditor’s (supplier’s) account:
NAME Lusiana
ADDRESS
Date
Aug. 1
12
22
Jalan Palmerah Selatan No.10
Item
P.R.
Dr.
Cr.
Balance
Bal.
320,000
Bill 101 CP36 200,000
120,000
Bill 106 P16
140,000 260,000
Describe each transaction and the source of each posting.
64
63
5-2
Follow My Example 5-4
Aug. 12 Paid Rp200,000 to Lusiana on account (Bill
101). Amount posted from page CP36 of the
cash payments journal.
Aug. 22 Purchased Rp140,000 of services on account
from Lusiana itemized on Bill 106. Amount
posted from page P16 of the purchases journal.
For Practice: PE 5-4A, PE 5-4B
65
64
5-3
Objective 3
Describe and give
examples of additional
subsidiary ledgers and
modified special journals.
66
Modified Special Journals
5-3
A business may modify its special
journals by adding one or more
columns for recording transactions
that occur frequently.
67
5-3
@solusinet
On November 2, SolusiNet
issued Invoice No. 842 to
Tulus Abadi for
Rp4,770,000, which
included sales taxes of
Rp270,000.
68
Modified Revenue Journal
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
@solusinet
69
68
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
Rp4,770,000 is debited to
Tulus Abadi in the
accounts payable
subsidiary ledger
70
69
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
Invoice
No.
842
Account Debited
Litten Co.
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
4 500 000
270 000
A checkmark indicates
that the amount has
been posted.
71
70
5-3
On November 3, issued Invoice
No. 843 to Kumbang for
Rp1,166,000, which included
sales taxes of Rp66,000.
72
5-3
Page 40
Revenue Journal
Date
2008
Nov. 2
3
Invoice
No.
842
843
Account Debited
Tulus Abadi
Kumbang
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
4 770 000
1 166 000
4 500 000
1 100 000
270 000
66 000
73
72
5-3
Example Exercise 5-5
The state of Tennessee has a 7% sales tax. Sukmajaya,
had two revenue transactions as follows:
Aug. 3 Issued Invoice No. 58 to Helena Company for
services provided on account, Rp1,400,000, plus
VAT
19 Issued Invoice No. 59 to Kalam Enterprises for
services provided on account, Rp900,000, plus
VAT.
Record these transactions in a revenue journal as illustrated
in the previous section.
73
74
5-3
Follow My Example 5-5
Revenue Journal
Invoice
No.
Date
Aug.
3
19
Account Debited
58 Helena
59 Kalam
Accts. Rec. Fees Earned Sales Tax. Pay
PR
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
1 540 000
990 000
For Practice: PE 5-5A, PE 5-5B
1 400 000
900 000
140 000
90 000
75
74
5-4
Objective 4
Apply computerized
accounting to the revenue
and collection cycle.
76
Database
5-4
A database collects,
stores, and organizes
information in a
retrievable format.
77
5-4
78
77
5-4
At any time, managers may request
reports from the software.
1) The customer balance
summary.
2) The fees earned by customer
detail.
3) The cash receipts.
79
5-5
Objective 5
Describe the basic
features of e-commerce.
80
e-Commerce
5-5
Using the Internet to
perform business
transactions is
termed e-commerce.
81
B2C
5-5
When transactions are between
a company and a consumer, it
is termed B2C (business-toconsumer) e-commerce.
82
5-5
Three more advanced areas where the
Internet is being used for business
purposes are:
Supply chain management (SCM)
Consumer relationship management
(CRM)
Product life-cycle management
(PLM)
83