A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFER ACTS A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFER ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT.
A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFER ACTS
IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Research Paper
Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
For getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
ITA WIDOWATI
A 320 030 313
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
APPROVAL
A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFER
ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Proposed by:
ITA WIDOWATI
A 320 030 313
Approved by:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA
ACCEPTANCE
Accepted by the board of examiners school of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
In February 2007-02-27
Team of Examiners:
1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Chair person
(
)
2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA
Member I
(
)
3. Drs. H Maryadi, MA
Member II
(
)
Approved by School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs. H Sofyan Anif, M. Si
NIK. 547
MOTTO
Verily with every difficulty there is relief (Alam Nasyroh:6)
Praying, patience and ha rd work are the keys to be successful
DEDICATION
This research paper in particular, I dedicated for:
Her beloved Father and Mother
Her beloved Brother and Sister
Her dearest someone
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, by getting down on her knees, the writer wants to say
Alhamdulillah as her grateful thanks to the owner of the soul Allah SWT who has
shown her way to accomplish the research paper entitled “A SOCIO –
PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFERING ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT.
In the research paper she realizes that this study will be impossible to be
completed without the participation of all parties who have encouraged and
supported her with help, advice, guidance and suggestion in conducting research
paper. Her special gratitude and appreciation are intended for:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, MSi as the dean of school of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Kesoema Ratih, S.Pd M. Hum, as the chief of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the first consultant who has give her
guide ness, supports, advices, suggestions, information and corrections for the
sake of finishing this research paper patiently and sincerely
4. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA as the second consultant for the guide ness, help
and correction.
5. Her beloved father and mother for guarding her tremendous love and
continuous pray, so that finally she can make her parents proud.
6. Her beloved sister ‘Dek Fajar’ and brother ‘Dek Iwan’ for their support, love,
joke and laugh.
7. Her dearest nearest someone Vian, she thanks for his love, advice and support.
8. Her beloved friends Handa, Asih, Nian and Ratna for their love, support
togetherness and friendship. Our friendship is above of all.
9. Her dearest nearest someone Vioon, she thanks for his love, advice and
support.
10. All of her dearest friends in “Krama Putri” boarding house especially, Richa,
Simon, Fatie2, Veeca, Cha2, Ina, etc
11. Last but not least, those who can not be mentioned one by one which have
supported her to reach her dreams.
Finally she wants to thanks the readers, especially those who are eager to
give some constructive critism that can make this research better. The writer
hopes, this research paper would be beneficial to everyone.
Surakarta, February
Ita Widowati
, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITTLE ………………………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………….
ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………………………
iii
TESTIMONY…………………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………
v
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….
ix
LIST OF TABLE …………………………………………………………….
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………..
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………..
xiii
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….
ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTIONS ………………………………………..
1
A. Background of the Study ……………………………….
1
B. Previous Study ………………………………………….
3
C. Problem Statement ……………………………………..
5
D. Objective of the Study ………………………………….
5
E. Limitation of the Study …………………………………
5
F. Benefit of the Study …………………………………….
5
G. Research Paper Organization
……………….
6
UNDERLYING THEORY …………………………………
7
CHAPTER II
A. Notion of Socio-Pragmatics ……………………………
7
B. Speech Act ……………………………………………..
8
C. Hymes’ SPEAKING Grid ……………………………...
11
D. Politeness ……………………………………………….
13
E. Notion of Offer
.………………………………………
15
F. Notion of Linguistics Form …………………………….
16
G. Key Terms Used in Movie Manuscript………………….
22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………
23
A. Type of Research ………………………………………
23
B. Object of the Research
…………………………….
23
C. Type of Data and Data Source …………………………
23
D. Method of Data Collection ……………………………..
24
E. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………
24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V
A. Data Analysis …………………………………………..
25
1. Forms of Offer Acts ……………………………….
25
2. Reasons of Offer Acts ……………………………...
41
3. Politeness Strategies Used in Offer Acts……………
52
B. Discussion of the Finding ………………………………
60
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ………………….
63
A. Conclusions………………………………………. …….
63
B. Suggestions
64
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
25
………………………………………..
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 The Linguistics Form …………………………………………….
60
Table 2 The speaker’s Reason …………………………………………….
61
Table 3 Politeness Strategy ………………………………………………..
62
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
INT
= interior
EXT
= exterior
NH
= Notting Hill
T
= Titanic
FSR
= The Fellow Ship of the Ring
Q
= quotation
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Data
Appendix 2. Identification Paper
ABSTRACT
Ita Widowati. A. 320. 030. 313. A SOCIO – PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF
OFFER ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2007.
This research is aimed at clarifying the form of offer acts, clarifying the
reasons in employing offer acts, and describing the politeness strategy used in
offer acts. In collecting the data, the writer uses document method. The data are in
the form of words, phrases and sentences which are used to propose offer acts.
To clarify the form, the writer refers to the linguistics form theory. In
clarifying the reasons of offer acts, the writer employs SPEAKING Hymes
Formula. The writer applies Brown and Levinson Politeness theory in describing
the politeness strategies used in offer acts.
Having analyzed the data, the writer finds that the forms of offer acts are
imperative, interrogative and declarative. Related to the reasons, the writer gets
five kinds of reasons namely; showing solidarity, showing respect, showing
appreciation, showing intimacy, and showing apology. The politeness strategies
uses in offer acts are bald on record, positive politeness and negative politeness
strategy. The use of each form is closely related with the strategy used in
delivering an offer.
IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Research Paper
Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
For getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
ITA WIDOWATI
A 320 030 313
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
APPROVAL
A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFER
ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Proposed by:
ITA WIDOWATI
A 320 030 313
Approved by:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA
ACCEPTANCE
Accepted by the board of examiners school of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
In February 2007-02-27
Team of Examiners:
1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Chair person
(
)
2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA
Member I
(
)
3. Drs. H Maryadi, MA
Member II
(
)
Approved by School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs. H Sofyan Anif, M. Si
NIK. 547
MOTTO
Verily with every difficulty there is relief (Alam Nasyroh:6)
Praying, patience and ha rd work are the keys to be successful
DEDICATION
This research paper in particular, I dedicated for:
Her beloved Father and Mother
Her beloved Brother and Sister
Her dearest someone
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, by getting down on her knees, the writer wants to say
Alhamdulillah as her grateful thanks to the owner of the soul Allah SWT who has
shown her way to accomplish the research paper entitled “A SOCIO –
PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF OFFERING ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT.
In the research paper she realizes that this study will be impossible to be
completed without the participation of all parties who have encouraged and
supported her with help, advice, guidance and suggestion in conducting research
paper. Her special gratitude and appreciation are intended for:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, MSi as the dean of school of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Kesoema Ratih, S.Pd M. Hum, as the chief of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the first consultant who has give her
guide ness, supports, advices, suggestions, information and corrections for the
sake of finishing this research paper patiently and sincerely
4. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA as the second consultant for the guide ness, help
and correction.
5. Her beloved father and mother for guarding her tremendous love and
continuous pray, so that finally she can make her parents proud.
6. Her beloved sister ‘Dek Fajar’ and brother ‘Dek Iwan’ for their support, love,
joke and laugh.
7. Her dearest nearest someone Vian, she thanks for his love, advice and support.
8. Her beloved friends Handa, Asih, Nian and Ratna for their love, support
togetherness and friendship. Our friendship is above of all.
9. Her dearest nearest someone Vioon, she thanks for his love, advice and
support.
10. All of her dearest friends in “Krama Putri” boarding house especially, Richa,
Simon, Fatie2, Veeca, Cha2, Ina, etc
11. Last but not least, those who can not be mentioned one by one which have
supported her to reach her dreams.
Finally she wants to thanks the readers, especially those who are eager to
give some constructive critism that can make this research better. The writer
hopes, this research paper would be beneficial to everyone.
Surakarta, February
Ita Widowati
, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITTLE ………………………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………….
ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………………………
iii
TESTIMONY…………………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………
v
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….
ix
LIST OF TABLE …………………………………………………………….
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………..
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………..
xiii
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….
ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTIONS ………………………………………..
1
A. Background of the Study ……………………………….
1
B. Previous Study ………………………………………….
3
C. Problem Statement ……………………………………..
5
D. Objective of the Study ………………………………….
5
E. Limitation of the Study …………………………………
5
F. Benefit of the Study …………………………………….
5
G. Research Paper Organization
……………….
6
UNDERLYING THEORY …………………………………
7
CHAPTER II
A. Notion of Socio-Pragmatics ……………………………
7
B. Speech Act ……………………………………………..
8
C. Hymes’ SPEAKING Grid ……………………………...
11
D. Politeness ……………………………………………….
13
E. Notion of Offer
.………………………………………
15
F. Notion of Linguistics Form …………………………….
16
G. Key Terms Used in Movie Manuscript………………….
22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………
23
A. Type of Research ………………………………………
23
B. Object of the Research
…………………………….
23
C. Type of Data and Data Source …………………………
23
D. Method of Data Collection ……………………………..
24
E. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………
24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V
A. Data Analysis …………………………………………..
25
1. Forms of Offer Acts ……………………………….
25
2. Reasons of Offer Acts ……………………………...
41
3. Politeness Strategies Used in Offer Acts……………
52
B. Discussion of the Finding ………………………………
60
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ………………….
63
A. Conclusions………………………………………. …….
63
B. Suggestions
64
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
25
………………………………………..
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 The Linguistics Form …………………………………………….
60
Table 2 The speaker’s Reason …………………………………………….
61
Table 3 Politeness Strategy ………………………………………………..
62
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
INT
= interior
EXT
= exterior
NH
= Notting Hill
T
= Titanic
FSR
= The Fellow Ship of the Ring
Q
= quotation
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Data
Appendix 2. Identification Paper
ABSTRACT
Ita Widowati. A. 320. 030. 313. A SOCIO – PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF
OFFER ACTS IN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2007.
This research is aimed at clarifying the form of offer acts, clarifying the
reasons in employing offer acts, and describing the politeness strategy used in
offer acts. In collecting the data, the writer uses document method. The data are in
the form of words, phrases and sentences which are used to propose offer acts.
To clarify the form, the writer refers to the linguistics form theory. In
clarifying the reasons of offer acts, the writer employs SPEAKING Hymes
Formula. The writer applies Brown and Levinson Politeness theory in describing
the politeness strategies used in offer acts.
Having analyzed the data, the writer finds that the forms of offer acts are
imperative, interrogative and declarative. Related to the reasons, the writer gets
five kinds of reasons namely; showing solidarity, showing respect, showing
appreciation, showing intimacy, and showing apology. The politeness strategies
uses in offer acts are bald on record, positive politeness and negative politeness
strategy. The use of each form is closely related with the strategy used in
delivering an offer.