CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON: Conviction Of Love In Beth Personality In When In Rome Movie (2010) Directed By Mark Steven Johnson: A Psychoanalytic Approach.
CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
Approved to be Examined by
Consultant Team :
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
in 2012
The Board of Examiners :
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
(Chair Person)
(
)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have written or published
by others, except those which the writing was refered in the manuscript and
mentioned in bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta,
April 2012
Renny Afnita Dewi
A320080353
iv
MOTTO
A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity but an
optimist sees the
opportunity in every difficulty
(Winston Churchill)
You can have anything if you are willing to work hard to
get it
(Benjamin Franklin)
Verily! Allah will not change the good condition of a
people as long as they do not change their state of
goodness themselves
(Ar-Ra’d : 11)
Nobody is bored when he/she is trying to make something
that is beautiful, or to
discover something that is true.
(William Ralp Inge)
v
DEDICATION
This Research paper is dedicated to :
Allah SWT who always give guidance and power
My beloved Father and Mother for praying and advising me
My beloved younger brother
My best friends. Thanks for your motivation
All of my friend of English Department „08
vi
ABSTRACT
RENNY AFNITA DEWI. A320 080 353. CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH
PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY
MARK STEVEN JOHNSON: PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH
PAPER. 2012.
The research is proposed to analyze the conviction of love of Beth’s
personality with Psychoanalityc Approach. The objective of this study are to
analyze the When in Rome movie vased on Psychoanalytic approach and analyze
the movie based on its structural elements.
The study is a descriptive qualitative study, using the movie of Mark
Steven Johnson’s When in Rome as the object of the study. There are two kinds of
data sources use in this analyzing, namely primary and secondary data source. The
primary data sources are the movie and the script of the movie itself and the
secondary data sources are some books, internet and articles related to the subject.
The technique of the data collection in this research is library research by
summarizing, paraphrasing and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the
writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis. For the last, the researcher makes
an analysis of Beth’s id, ego, and superego. The reseacher uses the theory of
Psychoanalytic by Sigmund Freud because it is relevant to the problem.
Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study shows that Beth’s
character is described as a woman who waxes enthusiastic in work but not in love.
She does not want to make a romantic relationship with other people until she
meets Nick when she is in Rome. Nick makes Beth find her conviction of love
again and want to make a great relationship with Nick.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Glory to Allah SWT, the Almighty, the Lord of the universe, and Peace
and Blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad, the leader of the Messenger and
guide of the faithful. The writer is so grateful to Allah SWT for giving her all the
kindness, protection, power and love to complete this research as a partial
fulfilment of the requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department.
The writer is fully aware that this work cannot be separated from other
people’s help and guidance. Therefore, on this opportunity, she would like to express
her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education in UMS for giving approval to carry out this research paper.
2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, as the first consultant for her kindness
who patiently makes efforts in giving and guides her in accomplishing this
research paper.
3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the second consultant and also as the Head of
English Deparment for this workholic way in giving the correct language and
addition to her research paper perfection.
4. All of the English Department’s lecturersin Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
5. The librarian who helped the reseacher in completing the research paper.
viii
6. Her beloved Father and Mother who have given her unconditional love, support,
prayer, and affection along her life till she can finish her study.
7. Her beloved brother “Dek Agil”, for his love and support.
8. Her best friend “Uli, Budhe Eka, Dheean, and Om Danang” for sharing every
moment and for their best friendship. She never forget having friends like them,
they are the best thing in her life.
9. Her friends at Wisma Ceria boarding house, especially my roomate “Opik”.
Thanks for your support.
10. The nice friendship for the student of English Department ’08.
Nevertheless, the reseacher realizes that this research paper is far from being
perfect. In order to make better, she welcomes positive criticism and suggestion.
Finally the reseacher hopes that this reseach paper can give contribution and
can be useful to the reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Surakarta, April 2012
The writer
Renny Afnita Dewi
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .....................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .......................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
INDEX PICTURES ...............................................................................
xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .....................................
1
B. Literature Review ...............................................
6
C. Problem Statement ..............................................
6
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................
6
E. Objective of the Study..........................................
6
F. Benefits of the Study ............................................
7
1. Theoritical Benefit ........................................
7
2. Practical Benefit ...........................................
7
G. Research Method .................................................
7
1. Type of the Study ...........................................
7
x
2. Object of the Study ........................................
8
3. Type of the Data and the Data Sources .......
8
4. Technique of the Data Collection ..................
9
5. Technique of the Data Analysis ....................
9
H. Research Paper Organization ............................
9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................
11
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ....................................
11
B. Major Principles of Psychoanalysis ...................
13
1. Id .....................................................................
14
2. Ego ..................................................................
14
3. Superego .........................................................
15
C. Structural Elements of the Movie .....................
21
1. Narrative Elements ........................................
21
2. Technical Element ..........................................
27
D. Theoretical Application .......................................
33
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................
34
A.
Structural Elements ..........................................
34
1. Character and Characterization ...................
34
2. Casting ..............................................................
41
3. Plot ....................................................................
42
a.
Exposition..................................................
42
b. Complication ............................................
43
c.
44
Climax ......................................................
xi
d. Resolution..................................................
45
e.
Causality....................................................
46
f.
Plausability ...............................................
46
4. Setting ..............................................................
46
a. Setting of Place ........................................
47
b. Setting of Time .........................................
50
5. Point of View ...................................................
50
6. Theme ..............................................................
51
Technical Elements ...........................................
51
1. Mise-en-Scene ..................................................
51
a. Set Dressing and Props ...........................
52
b. Costume ....................................................
53
c. Make-Up ...................................................
51
d. Lighting ....................................................
54
2. Cinematography .............................................
60
a. Photographic Qualities of the Shot ........
60
b. Framing of the Shot .................................
61
c. Duration of the Shot ................................
65
3. Sound ................................................................
65
4. Editing ..............................................................
66
Discussion ..........................................................
70
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .........................
74
Structure of Beth Martin‟s Personality ...........
74
B.
C.
A.
xii
B.
Conviction of Love in Beth‟s Personality .......
80
C.
Discussion ..........................................................
82
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................
86
A. Conclusion.............................................................
86
B. Suggestion ............................................................
87
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................
89
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .................................................................
90
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
91
xiii
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 1
: Elizabeth “Beth” Martin ...........................................
35
Pictures 2
: Nick Beamon ...............................................................
36
Pictures 3
: Stacy Harper ...............................................................
37
Pictures 4
: Joan ..............................................................................
38
Pictures 5
: Gale ..............................................................................
39
Pictures 6
: Antonio “Tony” ..........................................................
39
Pictures 7
: Lance ...........................................................................
40
Pictures 8
: Al Russo........................................................................
41
Pictures 9
: The situation in Guggenheim Museum ....................
47
Pictures 10
: The situation in Central Park ...................................
48
Pictures 11
: The situation in USA Today Office............................
48
Pictures 12
: The situation in Roman Cathedral ...........................
49
Pictures 13
: Fountain of love ..........................................................
49
Pictures 14
: The situation in Palazzo Grand Hall ........................
49
Pictures 15
: The set dressing in the office .....................................
52
Pictures 16
: Beth‟s costume when she is going to work ................
53
Pictures 17
: Beth‟s costume in Joan‟s wedding ............................
53
Pictures 18
: Beth‟s wedding costume .............................................
53
Pictures 19
: The Beth‟s make-up ...................................................
54
Pictures 20
: The Beth‟s make-up ...................................................
54
Pictures 21
: Dark lighting ...............................................................
55
xiv
Pictures 22
: Bright lighting .............................................................
56
Pictures 23
: Frontal lighting ............................................................
56
Pictures 24
: Side lighting ................................................................
57
Pictures 25
: Back lighting ...............................................................
58
Pictures 26
: Under lighting .............................................................
58
Pictures 27
: Top lighting .................................................................
59
Pictures 28
: Sun lighting .................................................................
59
Pictures 29
: Lamp lighting .............................................................
59
Pictures 30
: Color of lighting ..........................................................
60
Pictures 31
: Dark lighting ...............................................................
61
Pictures 32
: Soft lighting ..................................................................
61
Pictures 33
: High lighting ...............................................................
61
Pictures 34
: Straight on angle ........................................................
62
Pictures 35
: Low angle ....................................................................
62
Pictures 36
: High angle ...................................................................
63
Pictures 37
: Extreme long shot .......................................................
63
Pictures 38
: Long shot .....................................................................
64
Pictures 39
: Medium long shot .......................................................
64
Pictures 40
: Medium shot ...............................................................
64
Pictures 41
: Medium close-up ........................................................
65
Pictures 42
: Close-up .......................................................................
65
Pictures 43
: Axis on action ..............................................................
67
Pictures 44
: Reverse shot ................................................................
68
xv
Pictures 45
: Shot 1 and shot 2 of establishing shot .......................
68
Pictures 46
: Shot 1 and shot 2 of reestablishing shot ...................
68
Pictures 47
: Match on action ..........................................................
69
Pictures 48
: Beth‟s in her office .....................................................
69
Picrures 49
: Beth‟s in her wedding ................................................
70
xvi
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
Approved to be Examined by
Consultant Team :
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME
MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY MARK STEVEN JOHNSON:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
RENNY AFNITA DEWI
A.320080353
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
in 2012
The Board of Examiners :
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
(Chair Person)
(
)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have written or published
by others, except those which the writing was refered in the manuscript and
mentioned in bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta,
April 2012
Renny Afnita Dewi
A320080353
iv
MOTTO
A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity but an
optimist sees the
opportunity in every difficulty
(Winston Churchill)
You can have anything if you are willing to work hard to
get it
(Benjamin Franklin)
Verily! Allah will not change the good condition of a
people as long as they do not change their state of
goodness themselves
(Ar-Ra’d : 11)
Nobody is bored when he/she is trying to make something
that is beautiful, or to
discover something that is true.
(William Ralp Inge)
v
DEDICATION
This Research paper is dedicated to :
Allah SWT who always give guidance and power
My beloved Father and Mother for praying and advising me
My beloved younger brother
My best friends. Thanks for your motivation
All of my friend of English Department „08
vi
ABSTRACT
RENNY AFNITA DEWI. A320 080 353. CONVICTION OF LOVE IN BETH
PERSONALITY IN WHEN IN ROME MOVIE (2010) DIRECTED BY
MARK STEVEN JOHNSON: PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH
PAPER. 2012.
The research is proposed to analyze the conviction of love of Beth’s
personality with Psychoanalityc Approach. The objective of this study are to
analyze the When in Rome movie vased on Psychoanalytic approach and analyze
the movie based on its structural elements.
The study is a descriptive qualitative study, using the movie of Mark
Steven Johnson’s When in Rome as the object of the study. There are two kinds of
data sources use in this analyzing, namely primary and secondary data source. The
primary data sources are the movie and the script of the movie itself and the
secondary data sources are some books, internet and articles related to the subject.
The technique of the data collection in this research is library research by
summarizing, paraphrasing and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the
writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis. For the last, the researcher makes
an analysis of Beth’s id, ego, and superego. The reseacher uses the theory of
Psychoanalytic by Sigmund Freud because it is relevant to the problem.
Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study shows that Beth’s
character is described as a woman who waxes enthusiastic in work but not in love.
She does not want to make a romantic relationship with other people until she
meets Nick when she is in Rome. Nick makes Beth find her conviction of love
again and want to make a great relationship with Nick.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Glory to Allah SWT, the Almighty, the Lord of the universe, and Peace
and Blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad, the leader of the Messenger and
guide of the faithful. The writer is so grateful to Allah SWT for giving her all the
kindness, protection, power and love to complete this research as a partial
fulfilment of the requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department.
The writer is fully aware that this work cannot be separated from other
people’s help and guidance. Therefore, on this opportunity, she would like to express
her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education in UMS for giving approval to carry out this research paper.
2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, as the first consultant for her kindness
who patiently makes efforts in giving and guides her in accomplishing this
research paper.
3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the second consultant and also as the Head of
English Deparment for this workholic way in giving the correct language and
addition to her research paper perfection.
4. All of the English Department’s lecturersin Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
5. The librarian who helped the reseacher in completing the research paper.
viii
6. Her beloved Father and Mother who have given her unconditional love, support,
prayer, and affection along her life till she can finish her study.
7. Her beloved brother “Dek Agil”, for his love and support.
8. Her best friend “Uli, Budhe Eka, Dheean, and Om Danang” for sharing every
moment and for their best friendship. She never forget having friends like them,
they are the best thing in her life.
9. Her friends at Wisma Ceria boarding house, especially my roomate “Opik”.
Thanks for your support.
10. The nice friendship for the student of English Department ’08.
Nevertheless, the reseacher realizes that this research paper is far from being
perfect. In order to make better, she welcomes positive criticism and suggestion.
Finally the reseacher hopes that this reseach paper can give contribution and
can be useful to the reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Surakarta, April 2012
The writer
Renny Afnita Dewi
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .....................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .......................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
INDEX PICTURES ...............................................................................
xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .....................................
1
B. Literature Review ...............................................
6
C. Problem Statement ..............................................
6
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................
6
E. Objective of the Study..........................................
6
F. Benefits of the Study ............................................
7
1. Theoritical Benefit ........................................
7
2. Practical Benefit ...........................................
7
G. Research Method .................................................
7
1. Type of the Study ...........................................
7
x
2. Object of the Study ........................................
8
3. Type of the Data and the Data Sources .......
8
4. Technique of the Data Collection ..................
9
5. Technique of the Data Analysis ....................
9
H. Research Paper Organization ............................
9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................
11
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ....................................
11
B. Major Principles of Psychoanalysis ...................
13
1. Id .....................................................................
14
2. Ego ..................................................................
14
3. Superego .........................................................
15
C. Structural Elements of the Movie .....................
21
1. Narrative Elements ........................................
21
2. Technical Element ..........................................
27
D. Theoretical Application .......................................
33
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................
34
A.
Structural Elements ..........................................
34
1. Character and Characterization ...................
34
2. Casting ..............................................................
41
3. Plot ....................................................................
42
a.
Exposition..................................................
42
b. Complication ............................................
43
c.
44
Climax ......................................................
xi
d. Resolution..................................................
45
e.
Causality....................................................
46
f.
Plausability ...............................................
46
4. Setting ..............................................................
46
a. Setting of Place ........................................
47
b. Setting of Time .........................................
50
5. Point of View ...................................................
50
6. Theme ..............................................................
51
Technical Elements ...........................................
51
1. Mise-en-Scene ..................................................
51
a. Set Dressing and Props ...........................
52
b. Costume ....................................................
53
c. Make-Up ...................................................
51
d. Lighting ....................................................
54
2. Cinematography .............................................
60
a. Photographic Qualities of the Shot ........
60
b. Framing of the Shot .................................
61
c. Duration of the Shot ................................
65
3. Sound ................................................................
65
4. Editing ..............................................................
66
Discussion ..........................................................
70
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .........................
74
Structure of Beth Martin‟s Personality ...........
74
B.
C.
A.
xii
B.
Conviction of Love in Beth‟s Personality .......
80
C.
Discussion ..........................................................
82
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................
86
A. Conclusion.............................................................
86
B. Suggestion ............................................................
87
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................
89
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .................................................................
90
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
91
xiii
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 1
: Elizabeth “Beth” Martin ...........................................
35
Pictures 2
: Nick Beamon ...............................................................
36
Pictures 3
: Stacy Harper ...............................................................
37
Pictures 4
: Joan ..............................................................................
38
Pictures 5
: Gale ..............................................................................
39
Pictures 6
: Antonio “Tony” ..........................................................
39
Pictures 7
: Lance ...........................................................................
40
Pictures 8
: Al Russo........................................................................
41
Pictures 9
: The situation in Guggenheim Museum ....................
47
Pictures 10
: The situation in Central Park ...................................
48
Pictures 11
: The situation in USA Today Office............................
48
Pictures 12
: The situation in Roman Cathedral ...........................
49
Pictures 13
: Fountain of love ..........................................................
49
Pictures 14
: The situation in Palazzo Grand Hall ........................
49
Pictures 15
: The set dressing in the office .....................................
52
Pictures 16
: Beth‟s costume when she is going to work ................
53
Pictures 17
: Beth‟s costume in Joan‟s wedding ............................
53
Pictures 18
: Beth‟s wedding costume .............................................
53
Pictures 19
: The Beth‟s make-up ...................................................
54
Pictures 20
: The Beth‟s make-up ...................................................
54
Pictures 21
: Dark lighting ...............................................................
55
xiv
Pictures 22
: Bright lighting .............................................................
56
Pictures 23
: Frontal lighting ............................................................
56
Pictures 24
: Side lighting ................................................................
57
Pictures 25
: Back lighting ...............................................................
58
Pictures 26
: Under lighting .............................................................
58
Pictures 27
: Top lighting .................................................................
59
Pictures 28
: Sun lighting .................................................................
59
Pictures 29
: Lamp lighting .............................................................
59
Pictures 30
: Color of lighting ..........................................................
60
Pictures 31
: Dark lighting ...............................................................
61
Pictures 32
: Soft lighting ..................................................................
61
Pictures 33
: High lighting ...............................................................
61
Pictures 34
: Straight on angle ........................................................
62
Pictures 35
: Low angle ....................................................................
62
Pictures 36
: High angle ...................................................................
63
Pictures 37
: Extreme long shot .......................................................
63
Pictures 38
: Long shot .....................................................................
64
Pictures 39
: Medium long shot .......................................................
64
Pictures 40
: Medium shot ...............................................................
64
Pictures 41
: Medium close-up ........................................................
65
Pictures 42
: Close-up .......................................................................
65
Pictures 43
: Axis on action ..............................................................
67
Pictures 44
: Reverse shot ................................................................
68
xv
Pictures 45
: Shot 1 and shot 2 of establishing shot .......................
68
Pictures 46
: Shot 1 and shot 2 of reestablishing shot ...................
68
Pictures 47
: Match on action ..........................................................
69
Pictures 48
: Beth‟s in her office .....................................................
69
Picrures 49
: Beth‟s in her wedding ................................................
70
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