COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK.
Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER
DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
A Research Paper
Submitted to the English Education Department of the Faculty of Languages and Arts Education of the Indonesia University of Education as Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for Sarjana Sastra Degree
By:
RIZKY FAJARRANI 0804630
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS EDUCATION INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
BANDUNG 2013
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Coming of Age: An Analysis of a Young Adult
Character Development in Ellen Hopkins’
Young Adult Novel Crank
Oleh Rizky Fajarrani
Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra
© Rizky Fajarrani 2013 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Februari 2013
Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak ulang, difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL
Coming of Age: An Analysis of a Young Adult Character Development in Ellen
Hopkins’ Young Adult Novel Crank
By: Rizky Fajarrani
0804630
Approved by:
First Supervisor
Dr. Rd. Safrina Noorman, M.A. NIP. 196312291990022001
Second Supervisor
R. Della N. Kartika Sari, S.Pd., M.Ed. NIP. 197704142001122003
Head of English Education Department Faculty of Languages and Arts Education
Indonesia University of Education
Prof. Dr. H. Didi Suherdi, M.Ed. NIP.196211011987121001
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRACT
The present research entitled Coming of Age: An Analysis of a Young Adult Character Development in Ellen Hopkins’ Young Adult Novel Crank is a textual analysis of Ellen Hopkins’ young adult fiction focusing on the issue of coming of age in the novel. The discussion focuses on the main female character in the story to reveal the ways coming of age issue is addressed in the novel. Therefore, the discussion is framed within the theories of the characteristic and development of young adult (Bucher and Hinton, 2010), coming of age (e.g. Millard, 2007 and Fox, 2010) and identity (Barker, 2002). The research utilizes a qualitative method particularly textual analysis. The result of the present research shows that coming of age describes a progress shift which is experienced by the main character, Georgia, from a teenage girl who is simple-minded to a mature adult with higher-level of thinking. In other words, coming of age issue shows the process of adolescents from immaturity to maturity.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRAK
Penelitian yang berjudul Coming of Age: An Analysis of a Young Adult Character Development in Ellen Hopkins’ Young Adult Novel Crank adalah analisis tekstual novel remaja berjudul Crank karya Ellen Hopkins yang memfokuskan kepada isu coming of age di dalam novel. Pembahasan terpusat pada karakter wanita utama untuk mengungkap bagaimana isu coming of age ditunjukkan didalam novel. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini didukung oleh teori perkembangan dan karakteristik remaja, (Bucher and Hinton, 2010), coming of age (e.g. Millard, 2007 and Fox, 2010) dan identitas (Barker, 2002). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif tepatnya analisis tekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa coming of age menggambarkan peningkatan perubahan yang dialami oleh karakter utama, Georgia, dari anak perempuan yang memiliki pola pikir sederhana menjadi anak perempuan yang lebih dewasa dengan pola pikir yang lebih tinggi. Dengan kata lain, isu coming of age menunjukkan proses pendewasaan seorang remaja.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter revolves around introduction of the research including the background of the study, research question, the aim of the study, the scope of the study, the significance of the study, research methodology, clarification of terms and the organization of the paper.
1.1 Background
Young adults or adolescents are those between 12- to 20-years of age who experience a period of transition from childhood to adulthood (Bucher and Hinton, 2010, p.2). This transition involves various developments, namely biological, psychological and social development (Karunan, 2006, p.5). Karunan (2006) further states that these developments occur simultaneously at different paces for each adolescent within each gender, being impacted oftentimes, by structural and environmental factors.
Every adolescent or young adult is maturing, but each may take a different road and going at different speed on his or her journey from childhood to adulthood (Manning and Bucher, 2009, as cited in Bucher and Hinton, 2010, p.2). In other words, every adolescent experiences their development differently, which are affected by their surroundings, like family and peers, and also their readiness
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
to be an adult. Therefore, Bucher and Hinton (2010) further state that it is important to know adolescents or young adults on an individual basis and to use this knowledge to select appropriate young adult literature.
One of the common themes of young adult literature is coming of age. Terminologically, the expression coming of age is usually used to mean „to reach full legal adult status‟ (Millard, 2007, p.11). Millard (2007) further says that the moment of coming of age is usually occur in twelve and nineteen-years-old. In this case, adolescents try to reach full legal adult status variously between cultures, especially in relation to such cultural markers as alcohol, sexual consent, driving license, and marriage.
There are some previous studies that have been conducted focusing on coming of age issue within young adult literature. For instance, Fox (2010) on her journal entitled “Girls Coming of Age: Possibilities and Potentials within Young Adult Literature” centered on the voices and of experiences of young girls, coming of age. Fox (2010) found out that girls are bombarded with images of skinny models that help to perpetuate pervasive body image problems, and the need to be “perfect”. Fox (2010) also uncovered that these oppressions construct girls‟ identities through their process of coming of age.
The issue of coming of age is often adapted in a story of young adult fiction. One of the examples is the novel entitled Crank which was written by Ellen Hopkins. Crank talks about a teenage girl named Georgia who is quiet and seems not to have any problems in her life. However, everything in her life changes
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
when she went to visit her father. She experiences many problems in her coming-of-age period such as becoming a drug user, being raped by a teenage boy and so on. In other words, the story describes a teenage character who has to face her life with some problems. The ways she overcomes her problems are interesting to be analyzed. In addition, the writer wrote her novel in an unusual yet unique way by writing the stories of Georgia like a poem. Hence, this study focuses on how the the issue coming of age is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins.
1.2 Research Question
This study raises one question, that is:
How is the issue coming of age addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins?
1.3 Aim of the Study
In line with the problem of the study above, this study attempts to reveal:
The way coming of age issue is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study investigates the way Georgia‟s coming of age is addressed in the novel entitled Crank which was written by Ellen Hopkins. Some problems which come up in her coming-of-age period are taken to be the data.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study focuses on how coming of age is described in the novel entitled Crank which was written by Ellen Hopkins. It is expected that the study offers a different point of view in understanding the issue of coming of age in young adult literature.
1.6 Research Methodology
1.6.1 Research Design
This present research is conducted using qualitative method due to the data used in this research is in the form of text. The data which are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences are critically selected as textual evidences to answer the research question. The research analyzes the way coming of age issue is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins.
1.6.2 Data Collection
The data are collected from the novel entitled Crank by Ellen Hopkins in the form of textual evidences. It is because the study mostly deals with narrative text
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
analysis. The data which are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences are critically selected as textual evidences to answer the research question.
1.6.3 Data Analysis
The data analysis is presented through the following procedures:
Reading and re-reading the novel being investigated in attempt to find the issue of coming of age of adolescents;
Making the list of problems faced by the main character, Georgia, in the coming of age stage occurs in the novel.
Choosing the problems from the list which lead the main character to the maturity. The purpose of making the list and choosing the problems from the list is to analyze and give textual evidences which are needed for the research.
Framing those textual evidences using thinking framework of young adult, coming of age and also identity theory ;
Analyzing and interpreting the result of data collection;
Presenting the conclusion of the result and also providing suggestions for further study.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1.7 Clarification of Terms
In this study, there are some terms that need to be clarified in order to avoid misunderstanding of the concepts underlying the title of the study. Those terms are:
1. Adolescents
Adolescents or young adults are those between 12- to 20-years of age who experience a period of transition from childhood to adulthood (Bucher and Hinton, 2010, p.2).
2. Coming of Age
Terminologically, the expression coming of age is the term that usually used to mean „to reach full legal adult status‟ (Millard, 2007, p.11). Millard (2007) further says that the moment of coming of age is usually occur in nineteen and twelve-years-old.
3. Identity
Identity belongs to an individual as a subject or as a member of part of particular social group (Barker, 2002, p.109). Barker (2002) further says that identity is thought to be a universal and timeless core, an „essence‟ of the self that is expressed as representations that are recognizable by ourselves and by others.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1.8 Organization of the Paper
This research consists of five chapters. It is organized as follows:
CHAPTER I
This chapter focuses on introduction of the research including the background of the study, research question, the aim of the study, the scope of the study, the significance of the study, research methodology, clarification of terms and the organization of the paper.
CHAPTER II
The chapter covers the theoretical frameworks and also literature reviews which stand as the foundation of the study.
CHAPTER III
The chapter consists of the research methodology, discussing the steps and procedures of the study, and the data resources in conducting the study.
CHAPTER IV
The chapter presents the research findings and discussion. In this part, the discussion of the research is elaborated.
CHAPTER V
The last chapter provides a conclusion which is the interpretation of the result and suggestion for further research.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses on the research methodology which explains the method applied in the present research. It revolves around the subject of the study, the research questions, the research methodology, the technique of data analysis, the context of the research, and the data presentation.
3.1 Subject of the Study
The study focuses on an analysis of a young adult novel which represents the ways coming of age issue is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins. The analysis is centered on the main character named Georgia who experiences some teenagers’ conflicts in her coming of age stage. The novel was chosen to be analyzed because the novel portrays the life of a girl who is going through her teenagers’ life and facing some problems which change her become a more mature girl than before. It is in line with the discussion of the research that revolves around the ways coming of age issues presented in young adult novel.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.2 Research Question
This study raises one question, that is:
1 How is the issue coming of age addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins?
3.3 Research Methodology
This present research is conducted using qualitative method due to the data used in this research are in the form of text. Qualitative method is a study approach in which the researcher tends to explore the unknown variables, asks the broad and general questions to the participants, collects data of words, and reports all the study in a subjective way (Creswell, 2003, p. 12). The data which are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences are critically selected as textual evidences to answer the research question.
As mentioned by Alwasilah (2002), qualitative research principle emphasizes that every finding is based on data; therefore findings are becoming more valid before stated as a theory. The data of qualitative method are used to develop concepts and theories that help people to understand the subject of the study (Hancock, 2002, p.2). Hence, the data in this research are used to develop the elaboration of concepts and theories which have been discussed in previous chapter.
Regarding to the procedure of the research, content analysis is applied in this research to analyze the issue of coming of age and identity in the novel
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Crank. Content analysis is a procedure for the categorisation of verbal or behavioural data, for purposes of classification, summarisation and tabulation (Hancock, 2002, p.21). Hancock (2002) further states that there are two levels in content analysis; first is the manifest level or type of analysis and latent level of analysis.
Manifest level is the basic level of analysis which implies what was actually said with nothing read into it and nothing assumed about it (Hancock, 2002, p.21). The second level is latent level of analysis or interpretative: it is concerned with what was meant by the response, what was inferred or implied (Hancock, 2002, p.21). Due to the application of content analysis, this research is conducted by passing through the two levels of analysis to analyze the issues of coming of age and identity in the novel Crank.
The technique of this research engages through the following steps:
Firstly, reading the novel carefully in attempt to understand and find out the issue presented in Ellen Hopkins’ Crank. Through the reading, the textual evidences that reflect the coming of age of adolescents and identity are gathered from the novel.
Secondly, making the list of character’s encounters with other characters and the conflicts in the novel about the issue of coming of age of adolescents and identity. The purpose of making this list was to analyze and gave textual evidences which were needed for the research.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Thirdly, classifying the character’s encounters with other characters and the conflicts in the novel in relation to the issue of coming of age of adolescents based on the theory presented in the previous chapter. Fourthly, writing brief notes in the highlighted textual evidences to
simply identify the textual evidences that are related to the issues of coming of age of adolescents and identity of the character’s actions, conflicts, and encounters with other characters regarding her ways in solving the conflicts of her coming of age period in the process to be mature.
Fifthly, analyzing the textual evidences and presenting the data of analysis framedby the related theories that have been elaborated in the Chapter II to answer the research question. The primary theoretical frameworks applied in this research are coming of age and identity, where the analysis is engaged with respect to the fact that genre of the novel analyzed in this research is fantasy fiction.
Lately, discussing the findings and drawing conclusions.
3.4 Context of the Research
There are some excerpts which are presented in this research from Ellen Hopkins’s Crank that portray the coming of age of adolescents. The portrayal can be noted from the main female character’s actions, conflicts, and encounters with other characters within the limited circumstance. The findings are viewed with
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
regard to the issue of coming of age to find out how the character solves her problems of her coming of age period in the process to be an adult.
In addition, the main female character’s actions and conflicts as well as her encounters with other characters are also highlighted in respect to the issues of coming of age and identity. Therefore, the research delves further to discover in what ways the character’s actions, choices, and encounters with other characters reflect her coming of age period and her identity as an young adult.
3.5 Data Presentation
To accomplish the data analysis of the research, the presentation of the data is formulated in a form of the table. The purpose of the table presentation is also to answer research question in proper form. The design of the table is as follows:
3.5.1 Textual Analysis of the Immature Phase
NO. Immature Phase
Narrative
Events Textual Evidences Textual Analysis
1. Unable to face reality
- Georgia gets the fact that her parents divorced
“My mom often outlines her first marriage, its bitter amen. Interested?
I was too young clueless.” (p. 10)
Georgia’s statement “I was too young, clueless.” , clearly reflects that as a 17-year-old girl, she does not understand about the divorce. She is regarded as not mature enough to face that kind of adults’ matter although her mother tells her about the information of the
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
marriage.
“ Could I save her? ………..
I hadn’t see Dad in eight years. No calls. No cards. No presents. He was self-serving bastard ……….
What the hell gave him that
right? (p. 10-11)
The questions, such as “could i save her?” “What the hell gave him that right?” and also “How could she love him so much?”. reflect how Georgia is considered as the immature person. In fact, she is in the process
of thinking adults’
matters although her decisions are not mature enough.
3.5.2 Textual Analysis of the Mature Phase
NO. Mature Phase
Narrative
Events Textual Evidences Textual Analysis
1. Accepting Others’ Fault and Decision
- Georgia acknowle dges her mother’s effort to raise two kids by herself after the divorce.
“Mom struggled to raise two kids on her own”
(p. 40)
it can be seen that Georgia acknowledges her mother’s effort to raise two kids by herself after the divorce. It leads Georgia to finally realize that her mother is a good mother who cares about her children’s future. In this state, Georgia starts to accept her mother decision to divorce with her father. The shift of Georgia’s thought about her mother shows that Georgia experiences the
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
The complete presentation of the data is available in the appendices section.
process of maturation In which she has finally been able to something
or someone by
considering other related aspects.
- “I feel like I’ve lost
You, Kristina. I guess It had to happen sometimes. It’s as much my fault as yours. It was a stunning confession.
And probably not completely accurate.
Yes, she had distanced herself through
work and stretching her affection. But
the monster was a mightier intruder.
Please be careful I’m worried that you’ve made some bad choices. Don’t let them go from bad to worse.
(p. 421-422)
The conversation
between Georgia and her mother above shows that Georgia starts to develop her thought about her mother. The fact that her mother gives her wise advices leads Georgia to accept her mother’s fault. It also shows that Georgia experiences the process of maturity in accepting her mother’s fault. The process of maturity that is experienced by Georgia expresses her ability to adapt to the new situation in her reality.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter provides interpretations of the present research based on the findings and discussion that have been presented in the previous chapter. It also contains the suggestions for the readers of the present research and other researchers who might have an interest in conducting the further research which is comparable to the issues in this present research.
5.1 Conclusions
The present research has answered the research question which is formulated to discover and analyze the way of coming of age issue is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins. It is based on the main female character’s actions, conflicts, and encounters with other characters within the limited circumstance. Concerning with the purpose of the research, it can be identified that the novel presents the coming of age issue through the stage in which the main character, Georgia went through the phases relating to how she steps into adulthood.
These phases are the immature phase and the mature phase. The immature phase shows the stage when the main character has not had the ability to solve her teenage’s problem. Whereas, the mature phase shows a phase when the main
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
character acquired the ability to make decisions for her life. The journey to the maturity is emphasized by the fact that Georgia develops the ability to finally solve her own problems in life. It changes Georgia from a teenage girl who is simple-minded to a more mature teenager who is able to learn from her experience.
The immature phase is characterized by the fact that the main character has no confidence in herself. The lack of confidence can be seen from three things that reflect her behavior. Firstly, the main character is unable to face reality that relate to adults’ matters such as the divorce of the parents and unwanted pregnancy. Second, the main character is easily influenced by her peers and other people in her circumstance. The last one, the main character makes uninformed judgment and decision without finding out the truth. Through those things, the main character reflects a typical behavior of adolescent who seems to be lost and clueless in facing adulthood.
The next phase is mature phase in which the phase shows how the main character has experienced changes in her life so that she acquired the ability to make decisions for her life. In this case, the main character is finally able to face reality, being less selfish and also learns to make informed judgment and decision. The fact that the main character experiences the progress toward a sense of a mature adult shows that coming of age issue. The coming of age issue is a process in which the adolescent experiencing a progress shift from children who think that life is simple and fair to be a mature adult who have higher-level thought.
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COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
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In conclusion Ellen Hopkins’ novel Crank captures the tendency of how coming of age novel describes adolescent who is in transition stage from children to mature adult. The narrative events in coming-of-age novels move forward in time through a point of maturity. The narrative events revolving around the main character’s teenage life also indicate that there is a journey to the stage of maturity. The journey to the maturity is emphasized by the fact that the main character is able to solve her teenage problems. It changes the main character from a teenage girl who is simple-minded to a mature adult with higher-level of thought.
5.2 Suggestions
After conducting the research, there are some suggestions relating to the present research that can be proposed for further research. First, it would be better for the next researchers to analyze other researchable issues or aspects that contained in the novel, such as the structure of the novel and the narrative purpose of the structure itself. The research conducted in other aspects or issues may provide various perspectives of understanding the novel for the readers.
Second, the next researchers may conduct a similar issue in other literary texts such as short stories, poems, drama scripts or song lyrics. The further study is suggested to elaborate more about how the issue coming age construct the identity of main character.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Regarding the issue of coming of age adapted in the young adult literature, it would be the improvement of literary works if the researchers discover the power of a girl as a young adult. Therefore, there would be a possibility that the issue is discussed from the view point of power within feminist.
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alsup, J. (2010). Young Adult Literature and Adolescent Identity across Cultures and Classrooms: Context for the Literary Lives of Teens. New York: Routledge.
Alwasilah, A.C. (2002). Pokoknya Kualitatif: Dasar-dasar Merancang dan Melakukan Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya. Barker, C. (2002). Making Sense of Cultural Studies. London: Sage
Publications Ltd.
Bauman, Z. (1996). From Pilgrim To Tourist - or a Short History of Identity. In S. Hall, & P. Du Gay, Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 18-36). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Bean, T. W., & Moni, K. (2003). Developing Students’ Critical Literacy: Exploring Identity Construction in Young Adult Fiction. International Reading Association (p. 638-648)
Bucher, K. T., & Hinton, K. (2010). Young Adult Literature, Exploration, Evaluation, and Appreciation. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. New York: Sage Publication Ltd.
Fearon, J. D. (1999). What is Identity (As We Now use the Word?). Stanford: Stanford University.
Fox, A. J. (2010). Girls Coming of Age: Possibilites and Potentials within Young Adult Literature. Theses and Dissertations. Paper 34. Current
as of June 21, 2012. Available online:
http://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/34
Gauntlett, D. (2002). Media, Gender,and Identity: An Introduction . London: Routledge.
Hall, S. (2000). Who Needs Identity? In P. Du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman, Identity: A Reader (pp. 9-30). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Hancock, B. (2002). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (2nd ed.).
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Rizky Fajarrani, 2013
COMING OF AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF A YOUNG ADULT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN ELLEN HOPKINS’ YOUNG ADULT NOVEL CRANK
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu Hopkins, E. (2004). Crank. New York: Simon Pulse Edition.
Karunan, V. P. (2006). Adolescents Development: Perspective and Frameworks. AMERICANA - E-Journal of American Studies in Hungary. 4(2). Current as of August 30, 2012. Available online:
http://americanaejournal.hu/vol4no2/bollobas
Kellner, D. (1992). Popular Culture and the Construction of Postmodern Identities. In S. Lash, & J. Friedman, Modernity and Identity (pp. 141-117). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Millard, K. (2007). Coming of Age in Contemporary American Fiction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter provides interpretations of the present research based on the findings and discussion that have been presented in the previous chapter. It also contains the suggestions for the readers of the present research and other researchers who might have an interest in conducting the further research which is comparable to the issues in this present research.
5.1 Conclusions
The present research has answered the research question which is formulated to discover and analyze the way of coming of age issue is addressed in the novel Crank by Ellen Hopkins. It is based on the main female character’s
actions, conflicts, and encounters with other characters within the limited circumstance. Concerning with the purpose of the research, it can be identified that the novel presents the coming of age issue through the stage in which the main character, Georgia went through the phases relating to how she steps into adulthood.
These phases are the immature phase and the mature phase. The immature phase shows the stage when the main character has not had the ability to solve her
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character acquired the ability to make decisions for her life. The journey to the maturity is emphasized by the fact that Georgia develops the ability to finally solve her own problems in life. It changes Georgia from a teenage girl who is simple-minded to a more mature teenager who is able to learn from her experience.
The immature phase is characterized by the fact that the main character has no confidence in herself. The lack of confidence can be seen from three things that reflect her behavior. Firstly, the main character is unable to face reality that relate to adults’ matters such as the divorce of the parents and unwanted pregnancy. Second, the main character is easily influenced by her peers and other people in her circumstance. The last one, the main character makes uninformed judgment and decision without finding out the truth. Through those things, the main character reflects a typical behavior of adolescent who seems to be lost and clueless in facing adulthood.
The next phase is mature phase in which the phase shows how the main character has experienced changes in her life so that she acquired the ability to make decisions for her life. In this case, the main character is finally able to face reality, being less selfish and also learns to make informed judgment and decision. The fact that the main character experiences the progress toward a sense of a mature adult shows that coming of age issue. The coming of age issue is a process in which the adolescent experiencing a progress shift from children who think that life is simple and fair to be a mature adult who have higher-level thought.
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In conclusion Ellen Hopkins’ novel Crank captures the tendency of how coming of age novel describes adolescent who is in transition stage from children to mature adult. The narrative events in coming-of-age novels move forward in time through a point of maturity. The narrative events revolving around the main character’s teenage life also indicate that there is a journey to the stage of maturity. The journey to the maturity is emphasized by the fact that the main character is able to solve her teenage problems. It changes the main character from a teenage girl who is simple-minded to a mature adult with higher-level of thought.
5.2 Suggestions
After conducting the research, there are some suggestions relating to the present research that can be proposed for further research. First, it would be better for the next researchers to analyze other researchable issues or aspects that contained in the novel, such as the structure of the novel and the narrative purpose of the structure itself. The research conducted in other aspects or issues may provide various perspectives of understanding the novel for the readers.
Second, the next researchers may conduct a similar issue in other literary texts such as short stories, poems, drama scripts or song lyrics. The further study is suggested to elaborate more about how the issue coming age construct the identity of
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Regarding the issue of coming of age adapted in the young adult literature, it would be the improvement of literary works if the researchers discover the power of a girl as a young adult. Therefore, there would be a possibility that the issue is discussed from the view point of power within feminist.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alsup, J. (2010). Young Adult Literature and Adolescent Identity across Cultures and Classrooms: Context for the Literary Lives of Teens.
New York: Routledge.
Alwasilah, A.C. (2002). Pokoknya Kualitatif: Dasar-dasar Merancang dan Melakukan Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya. Barker, C. (2002). Making Sense of Cultural Studies. London: Sage
Publications Ltd.
Bauman, Z. (1996). From Pilgrim To Tourist - or a Short History of Identity. In S. Hall, & P. Du Gay, Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 18-36). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Bean, T. W., & Moni, K. (2003). Developing Students’ Critical Literacy: Exploring Identity Construction in Young Adult Fiction. International Reading Association (p. 638-648)
Bucher, K. T., & Hinton, K. (2010). Young Adult Literature, Exploration, Evaluation, and Appreciation. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. New York: Sage Publication Ltd.
Fearon, J. D. (1999). What is Identity (As We Now use the Word?). Stanford: Stanford University.
Fox, A. J. (2010). Girls Coming of Age: Possibilites and Potentials within Young Adult Literature. Theses and Dissertations. Paper 34. Current
as of June 21, 2012. Available online:
http://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/34
Gauntlett, D. (2002). Media, Gender,and Identity: An Introduction . London: Routledge.
Hall, S. (2000). Who Needs Identity? In P. Du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman,
Identity: A Reader (pp. 9-30). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Hancock, B. (2002). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (2nd ed.).
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Hopkins, E. (2004). Crank. New York: Simon Pulse Edition.
Karunan, V. P. (2006). Adolescents Development: Perspective and Frameworks. AMERICANA - E-Journal of American Studies in Hungary. 4(2). Current as of August 30, 2012. Available online:
http://americanaejournal.hu/vol4no2/bollobas
Kellner, D. (1992). Popular Culture and the Construction of Postmodern Identities. In S. Lash, & J. Friedman, Modernity and Identity (pp. 141-117). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Millard, K. (2007). Coming of Age in Contemporary American Fiction.