ERROR AI{ALYSIS ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF EI I IPTICAL CONSTRUCTTONS BYTHE FIRIiT SEMESTER STUDENTS OFENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF VIDYA MANDAI.A CATHOLIC I,'NTVERSITY SURABAYA, ACADEMIC YEAR 2m'3MO4

AI\TERRORAI{ALYSISON THE UNDERSTANDING OF
EI I IPTICAL CONSTRUCTTONS
BYTHE FIRIiT SEMESTER
STUDENTSOFENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF
VIDYA MANDAI.A CATHOLIC I,'NTVERSITYSURABAYA,
ACADEMIC YEAR 2m'3/MO4

A THESIS
As Panid Fulfllmenr of the Rcquirements
for the Seqarrf Pcndidikan Degrec in
Englich t anguegc Teaching Faculty

tor
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YOVIEBIOI.A ICT'RNIAWATY

mtDwtST
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDAI.A SURABAYA
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SENI
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASAINGGRIS
JUNI2004

APPROVAL SIIEET
(1)

ThC thCSiS CNtitIEd ..AN

ERROR ANALYSIS

ON

THE

TINDERSTANDINGOF ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONSBY TI{E FIRST
SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF WIDYA
MANDALA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SURABAYA ACADEMIC YEAR
2003/2004"prepaedmd submittedby YoviebiolaKumiawaty(1213099187)
has
for the
been approvedmd acceptodas prtial fulfihnent of the requirements
SarjanaPendidikm Degee fu Fnglisfi LanguageTeachingby the following
advisors:

APPROVAL SIIEET

QI
This thesishasbeenexaminedbv the committeeon Oral Examinationwith

thegndeof

onJuly6b,2004.

1t

Q:;p"r
,lult

4-_-.-

4.4-

a)

anAdizutrimo

fu'"'rr

'6,ffi0r*Eh.SusanaT4oilus.M.Pd.
tlEdnof theTeacherTrainingFaculty

Headof the FnglishDepartrnent

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Above all, the writer would like to thruk JESUS CHRIST for His
wonderfulblessingthatenables
herto carryout this thesis.
Theluiter wouldhle to acknowledge
herindebtedness
to:
l

Thewriter's belovedparents,I{r. FlariyantoandFentyPudjiati,to whom
shededic*edthisthesis.

2 . The uniter's dearestbrothers dr. Yolsr Kumiawan, Efrayim Yoan
Setiawmand YesayaYop SangajiRahrdimto for their greatfun, love
andsupports.
Thewriter's big family in GPdIMur SerumbaiSurabaya,
for their prayer

andzupports.
4 . Drs. M.P Soehisno,M.A, the writer's first advisor, for his help,
encouragemqrt,
valuableadvicemd supportduring the writing of this
thesis.
5. Drs. Hendra TedjasuksmanaM.Hum., the writer's secondadvisor, for his
guidmce, patience,toleranceand consfructivecriticism.
6. First-Semester Students of English D€partuent of Widya Mandala
Crholic

Universiff Surabrya Academic Yw

2003/2O04, as their

contribution and cooperationin tahng the darafor this thesis.

Ill

7 . Lecturersof EnglishD€,parm€,nt
of Widya MandalaCatholicUniversity

for their teaching md guidmce during the writer's study at this
depatnent.
8. Theuriteds friends,whomthewriter cannotmentionby theirnmes here,

for their wpportsmd thebeirefitsof their comm€,lrts.
9. The writer's boardinghousefriends for their care, attention,supports

duringthegoodandhardtimes,md fortheir lovelyfriendshipassisters.

Godblessall ofvou!

Thewriter

lv

ustAtaAr

tilnt
lrhdrlr

Krtoll!

Widrr Lrdrb

Page

AppRovALsItEET(l)

-.
t

............i

APPROVALSFTEET(2)

........ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

.......... iii

T AB L EOF C ON T E N T S

.................
v

ABSTRACT

......xii

CFTAPTER
I: INTRODUCTTON
l . l B a c kg ro u n d o fth e S tu d y

........................1

1 . 2 S t a tq n e n to fth e P ro b l e rn

............3

1.3ObjectiveoftheStudy

.....................3

1.4 SignificanceoftheSrudy

.........4

1 . 5 Sc o p e a d l i mi ta ti o n
I,

..............- .4

1.6 Theoretical
o re u ca
Framework
tra
t me w o rK ......
I . 6 . 1C o n n " a sti ve A n a l ysi s

........5
......................5

1.6.2EnorAnalysis
.........
l.6.3Ellipsis
1 . 7 D e f in i ti o n o fK e yT e rms
1.8ResearchMehod............
1.9TheOrganizationoftheThesis...............

.... .. ...6
............6
.........7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . .
..............8

CHAPTERII: REVIEWOF THE RELATEDLITERATT]RE
2 . 1 T \e U n d e rl yi n g T h e o ri es.............

...........9

2.1.1Connastivemalvsis

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . .

2 .1 .2E n o rA n a l ysi.....
s ...... ... .

......... ......... l0
....................
14

2 .1 .3T h e o ryo fE l l i p si s
2 .1 .3 .1 T h e N a tu reofEllipsis

..................15

2 .1 .3 .1 .1 T extualEllipsis

.......16

2.1.3.1.2
Ellipsis
Situmional

.. .... 17

2.1.3.1.2.1
Ellipsisin Declarative
Sentences
......... l 9
2.1.3.1.2.2
Ellipsisin InterrogiliveS€ntences
........ 19
..................20

2 .l .3 .2 cl i te n a E
o fl l i psis
2.1.3.3ClassfficationofEllipsis

........22

2.1.3.4AnotherTheoryof Elliptical
Construction

.......23
. .........25

2.2 T\e Related
Previous
Studv..........

CFIAPTERIII: RESEARCH METHOD
.........28

3.1 ResearchDesign.........

................29

3.2 Subjects
3 . 3 In sftn me n to fth e D a taCollection.........

......................29

3.3.T
1heVdidityofthelnstrum€nt.............
3 . 3 . 1 .T1h e T y p s F o r m o f t h e l t e m s
3.3.2TheReliability
ofthelnstrument
3.3.2.lThelevelofDifficultv

vl

..............29

.......................31
...........32
.........33

3.4

3.5

CHAPTERIV:FINDINGSANDDISCTJSSION
OF TI{E FINDINGS
4.1 Findings
4.1.1Typesof Errorsin Completionof Sentences
UsingElliptical
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 0
..

Pro-fonns

..............4l

4.1.1.1
ErronofAuxilirr'
4.1.1.2
ErrorsofPro-forms
4 .1 .1 .3
E rro rs
o f C o p ula

--....--...--42
..................
42
........43

4.l.1.4Miscellaneous............

4.1.2Typesof Erron in Completionof Sentences
in IsoldedClsusal
..........43

E l l i p si s
4.1.2.1
BrorsofAnriliary

..............45
........45

4 .l .2 .2 E n o rso fV er bPhnse.........
4 .1 .2 .2 .1 E r r onofVer b

.........6

4.1.2.2.2EnorsofCopula................

.........47

47
4.1.2.2.3
ErrorsofVerbplusComplement
................-......
4.1.2.3Msinterprenation
of Instruction
or MakingCondusion....... ..48
4 .l .2 .4 F rro rso fN ounPhxas€.........

vll

...................48

.............48

4 .l .2 .4 .l E rror sofPr onoun

Pronoun
... ... ........49
4.1.2.4.1.1
Errorsof Subjective
... ... .........50
Pronoun
4.1.2.4.1.2
Enon of Objective
Pronoun
..............50
4.1.2.4.1.3
Errorsof Possessive
.........51

4 .1 .2 .4 .2 E rror sofNoun

.....................51

4.l.2.5EnorsofWordOrder..........
4 .1 .2 .6
E n o rso fC h a n gingM eming

51
......................
............. 52

4.1.2.7Additionof Unnecessay
Utterances
4 .l .2 .8 E n o rso fl a n guageFunction............

.........52

.......................52

4.l.2.9Substitntions

4.1.3Typesof Errorsin Completionof DiscourseClausalEllipsisin
Dialogue

......52

4 .1 .3 .1
E n o rsoV
f e rb Phr ase......

.......54
.........55

4 . 1 . 3 . 1E. 1
norsofVerb

4.l.3.l.2ErronofCopula............ ...................55
4.1.3.1.3
Errorsof VerbplusComple,ment
4.1.3.2EnorsofNounPhrase............
4.1.3.2.1Errors
ofPronoun

......56
.........56
...-......57

58
4.1.3.2.1.1
Errors
Pronoun
...............
of Subjective
4.1.3.2.1.2
Errorsof Possessive
Pronoun
............... 58
Pronorm
4.1.3.2.1.3
Errorof Objective
............... ...59
4.1.3.2.2
Errors
ofNoun

.........59
......................60

4 .1 .3 .3
E n o no fA u xi l iar y

vlll

.......60

4.1.3.4
Errorsof WordOrder......

.......... ... ......6l

4.1.3.5
Errorsof Mjective
4 .1 .3 .6
S u b sti tu ti o.........
ns

- - ...- .61

4.1.3.7
Enorssf ChengingMeming

........61

4 . 1 . 3 . 8 E n o r s o f L a n g u a g e F u n c t i o n . . . . . . . .......... . . . . . . . .6.2.
4.1.3.9
Addition
of Unnecessav
Utterances

..................
--.62
.................62

4 . l . 3 . l 0 E r r o r sAodf v e r b

.............-..63

4.2 T\eDscussionoftheFindings

4.2.I Enorsin Completion
of Sentences
UsingElipticalho-forms. ....... 64
.................64

4 .2 .1 .1
E n o rso fA tx iliav

4.2.l.l.lAbse,nceofAuxiliarv ........................64
4 .2 .l .l .2 Mi suseofAuxiliar v..............

......65

4 .2 .l .2 E rro rso fE llipticalPr o- for m s..........................66
4.2.l.2.lMisuseofEllipticalPro-forms ..............67
68
.....................

4 .2 .1 .3
E rro no f C o p ula
4.2.1.3.1Absence
of Copula
4.2.l.3.2MisuseofCopula......

..........68
................69

...........71
4.2.2EnorsinCompletionof
Se,ntencesinlsolaedClausalEllipsis
4 .2 .2 .1
E n o rso fA u x iliar v
4 .2 .2 .1 .1 A bsenceofAuxiliar y

...................71
.....................72

4 .2 .2 .1Mi
.2 suseofAuxiliar y..............
4 .2 .2 .2 E n o rso fV e rbPhr ase
4 .2 .2 .2E
.1rro nof Ver b

It(

.......73

................74
.............74

4.2.2.2.l.lMisuseofVerbForm... ...........74
4 .2 .2 .2 .l.2Abseir ceofVer b

...............75

4 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 E r r o n o f C o p u l a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.6. . .
4 .2 .2 .2 .2.1MisuseofCopula............. ......77
4 .2 .2 .2 .2.2
Absence
.... ...78
of Copula
.......................
4.2.3Errorsin Completion
of Discourse
ClausalEllipsisin Dialogue...........78
4.2.3.1ErrorsofVerbPhrase.........

.........79

4 .2 .3 .1E
.1rro rsofVer b

...............79

4 .2 .3 .1 .1.1AbsenceofVer b

.......79

4 .2 .3 .7 .7.2
Misuse
- ....8I
of Ver bFor m.... .. ................
4 .2 .3 .1E
.2rro rs
o f Copula

.........82

4 .2 .3 .1 .2.1
Absence
of Copula
......... ....................82
4 .2 .3 .2 B n o rso fN oPuhr
n ase.........
4.2.3.2.1Enorsofhonoun

........83
........83

Pronoun
4.2.3.2.1.1
Errorsof Subjective
............ ...... 84
Pronoun..
84
4.2.3.2.1.1.1
Msuseof Subjective
4.2.3.2.1.1.2
of Subjective
Pronoun
85
Absence

CTIAPTERV: CONCLUSIONAND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
5 . 2 Su g g e sti o n s
5.3 Areas
fortheFurtherResearch

......87
........................90
................91

BIBI,M(NAfiry

)

)

XI

ABSTRACT

Kurniawaty,Yoviebiola.2004. A\ Error Analysis on tte Undentanding of
Etliptical Constructions by the tr'irst Semester Studenb of
English Depertment of Widya Mendale Catholic University
Advisors:l) Drs. M.P
Surabaya,AcademicYer,r 2OO3D004.
M.Hum.
M.A,
2)
Drs.
HendraTedjasuksmana,
Soetrimo,
md
Keywords: ErrorAnalysis,Ellipsis
Ellipsis which is mmmonly found in daily communicationboth
asa wholeme,ning.Ellipsismeansthat
written or spokenshouldbe uDd€rstood
asthe reader
therere wordsor clausesthat areomittedin the delivereds€nt€nc€s
uniter
means.
the
otherhand,
listener
will
what
speaker
or
On
or
understand
the
whetheror not the usersof the ellipsis achrallyunderstmdhow to correctly
and whatkinds of errorsthey may makein
consfructor completethe sentenc€,
re $ill big questions.Theseconditionsarousethe writer's
completings€nt€nc€s
curiosity on the undersandingof elliptical constructionsby the firs-semester
stude,nts
of Englishdeputmentof WidyaMandalaCatholicUniversity,Surabaya
Thosestudentsareof theacadmicyar 200312004.
By usingthe reseachmethodof descriptivequalilative,the writer
that ellipsiswas
conductedthis thesis.Theinstrumentusedwasa test.Concerning
a broadtopic; the writ€r dividedthe test into threeprts: Pilt d conpletionof
in isolated
sentenc€s
using ellipticalpro-forms;part B, completionof sentences
basedon dialoguecontsds.It
clausalellipsis;md partC, completionof sentences
wasfirst tried out to two of five classes(55 stud€nts)andthe writer got theresult
that thet€stwasreliablethenthe writer continuedto adminisfiaFdthe testto the
(80 students),asthe subjectsof this stud. Fromthe data
remainingthreeclasses
the writer found that in part A therewereerrorsof auxiliary(47%), errorsof
elliptical pro-forms (3l.9lo/o) md €rrors of copula (16.94yo).In part B, the
studentsmadeenors of auxiliry Q5.45y') and errorsof verb phrase(20.687o).
While in part C, they madeerors of verbpbrase(31.75y0,and errorsof noun
phrase(20.30olo).
As Englisfois a foreip languagethat is taughtin Indonesi4it is
importmt to teaci basic Engli$ gramnar to the studentscorrectly. The
lndonesimstudentsshouldrealizethe Engli$ sfiucturesr+,hicharedifferentfrom
This is importflt, asmmy studentstendto trmsferthe
the Indonesimstnrctur€s.
struchres of their native lmguage to the Fngli5[ languagethe learnersare
studying-The studentsneedto b€ trainedwell beforethey re expectedto teacl
Englishwhe,ntheygraduatefrom theEnglishdepartm€nt.

x