Introduction to the computer
Introduction to the computer
Com put er is an elect ronic device
t hat can receive dat a input and t hat can receive dat a input and process it t o get t he result as an inform at ion inform at ion Introduction to the computer Dat a Processing Cycle
OUTPUT
I NPUT PROCESS
Com put er Syst em p y
Introduction to the computer
Com put er Syst em is a collect ion of
hardw are and soft w are com ponent s hardw are and soft w are com ponent s designed t o provide an effect ive t ool for com put at ion. for com put at ion Introduction to the computer
Soft w are is program s enabled us t o
com m unicat e w it h a com put er by pr oviding p y p g it w it h t he list of inst ruct ions it needs t o operat e.
All Com put ers , from t he very sm allest
Introduction to the computer Cent ral Processing Unit ( CPU)
What is t he com put er?
Cont rol Unit
p I n pu t Prim ary St orage I n pu t
Prim ary St orage Introduction to the computer
Ce n t r a l Pr oce ssor Un it ( CPU)
Coordinat ing all com put er operat ions Coordinat ing all com put er operat ions
Perform ing arit hm et ic and logical operat ions on dat a d
Cont ains t wo subcom ponent s Introduction to the computer Con t r ol Un it ( CU)
- – Cont rols t he act ions of t he ot her – Cont rols t he act ions of t he ot her com ponent s.
Operat ing Operat ing under under t he t he cont rol cont rol of of
- – Exam ples Exam ples,
inst ruct ions from t he program m er ( t hese inst ruct ions reside in m em ory) , t he cont rol unit Introduction to the computer
I n pu t D e vice s
Ke yboa r d D e vice s Ke yboa r d D e vice s
Poin t in g D e vice s:
Mouse, Mouse, Trackball, Trackball, Touch Touch Screen, Screen, Introduction to the computer
Opt ica l Re a din g D e vice s: OCR ( Opt ical Charact er Recognit ion) OCR ( Opt ical Charact er Recognit ion)
opt ical m ark reader, opt ical
- charact er h t reader, d handprint h d i t reader
M a gn e t ic Re a din g D e vice s
EFT ( Elect ronic Funds Transfer) : EFT ( Elect ronic Funds Transfer) : aut om at ic deposit , aut om at ic
- t t ranfer, f A t Aut om at ed t d Teller T ll Machine ( ATM)
Ou t pu t D e vice s
D ispla ye d Ou t pu t D e vice s : D ispla ye d Ou t pu t D e vice s : Display Screen, Monit or, Cat hode Ray Tube ( CRT) , Video Display Term inal b ( C ) d l l ( VDT)
Introduction to the computer
Spe e ch Ou t pu t D e vice s
Plot t e r s Plot t e r s
Introduction to the computer
Every com put er com es w it h a cert ain am ount am ount of st orage, bot h of st orage bot h int ernal int ernal
st orage ( m em ory) , and ext ernal/ secondary st orage secondary st orage .
Introduction to the computer
Program current ly in execut ion, along w it h som e of t he dat a required for w it h som e of t he dat a required for execut ion, m ust be reside in m em ory. m em ory
Introduction to the computer
Mem ory Mem ory Secondary
Main m em ory m em ory
Re a d On ly M e m or y ( ROM ) :
Introduction to the computer M AI N M EM ORY
Re a d On ly M e m or y ( ROM ) :
- – St ores inform at ion perm anent ly ( t l t il ) ( not volat ile ) .
- – St ores t he boot inst ruct ions
Ra n dom Acce ss M e m or y ( RAM ) :
I s usually – I ll volat ile l t il m em ory. Tem porarily st ores program s – while t hey are being execut ed and dat a. Introduction to the computer
Ca ch e M e m or y
Checked by t he processor prior t o Checked by t he processor prior t o looking for a needed program inst ruct ion or dat a in regular RAM. inst ruct ion or dat a in regular RAM Hardware Development
First Generat ion ( 1946- 1959) Second Generat ion ( 1960 1965)
Second Generat ion ( 1960- 1965)
Third Generat ion ( 1966- 1975)
Fourt h Generat ion ( 1975 - Now )
Software Development
Syst em Soft w are
- operat ing syst em operat ing syst em
- ut ilit y syst em
- language t ranslat or
Wit hout operat ing syst em , a soft w are Wit hout operat ing syst em a soft w are applicat ion or a program language soft w are can t soft w are can‘t com m unicat e wit h t he com m unicat e wit h t he com put er.
Ope r a t in g Syst e m
Software Development Th e r e a r e six ba sic fu n ct ion s t h a t a n ope r a t in g syst e m ca n pe r for m : ope r a t in g syst e m ca n pe r for m : 1.
Schedule Jobs
Manage Hardw are and Soft w are Resources Software Development Ut ilit y Pr ogr a m s
Ut ilit ies enable user s t o copy files, erase Ut ilit i bl t fil files, sort t he cont ent of files, m erge t w o or m ore files t oget her, and prepare t w o or m ore files t oget her and prepare rem oveable st orage m edia for use.
Software Development
La n gu a ge Pr ogr a m m in g
There are t hree different kind of There are t hree different kind of Language program m ing: M a ch in e la n gu a ge Low le ve l la n gu a ge g g
Software Development
M a ch in e La n gu a ge
A com put er s nat ive language, cont aining A com put er 's nat ive language cont aining inst ruct ions t hat are binary num bers.
I t is difficult for hum an t o learn and use.
Software Development
A m achine language inst ruct ion conveys t he operat ion t o perform and t he operands, p p p , or m em ory cells, t hat are t o t ake part .
Exam ple, com put e t he cost of an it em
cost = price + t ax
Software Development Copy the value of the memory cell addressed
001 Load into the accumulator Copy the value of the accumulator into the
010 St ore word addressed Replace the present value of the accumulator Replace the present value of the accumulator
011 Add with the sum of its present value and the value of the memory cell addressed Software Development
Asse m bly La n gu a ge
I s program m ing language in English- like I s program m ing language in English like abbreviat ions
Lat er be convert ed int o m achine code by program s t ranslat or called assem blers program 's t ranslat or called assem blers
Software Development
Exam ple, adds t o num ber and st ore in anot her variable LOAD A ADD B STORE C Software Development
H igh - Le ve l La n gu a ge
A A program m ing program m ing language language w hose w hose
inst ruct ions resem ble every day language
Has a la n gu a ge st a n da r d t hat describe t he t he gram m at ical gram m at ical for m for m ( synt ax) ( synt ax) of of t he t he
Software Development
Exam ple, BASI C,
C, C+ + , COBOL, FORTRAN, LI SP, PASCAL, Java , , ,
Exam ple of C+ + code, p ,
cost = price + t ax;
Software Development
Soft w are Applicat ion o o Present at ion Present at ion o I m age processing o Mult im edia M lt i diI nt ernet Software Development
Present at ion applicat ion POW ER POI N T W H Y
Anim at ion Can be em bedded from anot her soft ware
I nt erest ing I nt erest ing Software Development
I m age processing applicat ion Mat lab
Ad oculos Halcon
Vist a Software Development
I m age processing applicat ion
Easy t o program
M ATLAB
Many library especially for
W H Y
im age processing Software Development
I nt ernet & Mult im edia Brow sing
File t ransfer Em ail
Audio Rem ot e cont rol Video cont rol Video Software Development
I n t e r n e t
ld id ll t i f t worldw ide collect ion of com put ers connect ed t oget her by a net w ork com m unicat ion channel com m unicat ion channel. Software Development
Sit e s
anot her form of com m unicat ion t o access
anot her form of com m unicat ion t o access ot her people’s files or inform at ion W or ld W ide W e b ( W W W ) Software Development
- To visit t he sit e, w e m ust have
- – Web Address / Uniform Resource Web Address / Uniform Resource Locat ors ( URL)
- ht t p: / / w w w .au.ac.t h
- W e b br ow se r
A program t hat allows us t o t ype A program t hat allows us t o t ype t he address and send m essages asking g for inform at ion from t hat sit e.
Browser com panies: p Microsoft ’s