THE MAKING OF ENGLISH CROSSWORD PUZZLE BOOK FOR VOCABULARY LEARNING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
THE MAKING OF ENGLISH CROSSWORD PUZZLE BOOK
FOR VOCABULARY LEARNING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS
Jamatul Khairiah1, Rionaldi2 and Aprizawati3
English Study Program of Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis
State Polytechnic of Bengkalis
Jl. Bathin Alam-Sungai Alam, Bengkalis-Riau, 28711 Telepon: (+6277) 24566,
Fax: (+2766) 800 1000 e-mail: rio@polbeng.ac.id, aprizawati@polbeng.ac.id
1,2,3
Abstract : Vocabulary is one of important elements to be mastered In learning
a foreign language. However, in real condition, the students sometimes feel
bored and less interested to learn vocabulary. The aimed of this study was to
make a Crossword Puzzle Book to help students to learn English vocabulary. It
was designed to help students to be more interested in learning vocabulary.
There were several processes in making the book, started from collecting the
material, designing and printing the book. The application used was Photoshop
and Microsoft Office Excel. The source materials of the book were taken from
several sources. They were English text book, dictionary and Internet. The
arrangement of the content is thematic. Interesting topics were chosen and
several images were added. Besides, there are 4 question types: Synonym,
Antonym, Question based on image, and Description. This book provides
students a review course material, so that, it is expected to help students in
learning vocabulary and remember it easily.
Keywords: English Crossword Puzzle, Vocabulary, Junior High School Students.
However, in real condition,
INTRODUCTION
In learning a foreign language,
there are several factors inhibiting
vocabulary plays an important role. It
students in learning vocabulary. The
is an element that links four language
first one is a lack of availability of
skills like speaking, listening, reading,
learning media in learning vocabulary
and writing. Therefore, the students
for students. So that, it might make
should learn vocabulary to understand
the class become monotonous and
the unfamiliar words, gain a greater
boring.
number of words, and use them in
some interesting media in learning
communicative purposes.
vocabulary is expected to help them
133
Therefore,
exposing them
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
enjoy learning language especially in
words. In other word, crossword
learning vocabulary.
puzzle is an activity which asks
someone to think and try to guess the
One of interesting media used
word based on the clues given.
to take students’ interest in learning
Crossword puzzle offers a
vocabulary is game. Game is effective
and interesting way that can be applied
challenge
that
will
in teaching. According to Harmer
students to try to solve the puzzle by
(2001), games give learners a feeling
making
of competition to participate in the
Besides,
process of learning vocabulary and
opportunity for students to practice
motivate them to repeat them with
and repeat the sentence pattern and
enthusiasm. He also maintains that
vocabulary.
learning
it
motivate
fun
also
and
the
relax.
gives
much
games are associated with a feeling of
Since there is still lack of
happiness. For this reason, most
availability of vocabulary games in
learners appreciate games and enjoy
schools, a crossword puzzle book
participating in them even though they
therefore was
are not really familiar with their rules.
designed to make the students feel
There are various kinds of
interested in learning more about
game that can be used in learning a
English vocabulary. It contains several
language. One of them is crossword
interesting
puzzle. It is a game that makes the
vocabulary to play any time they want.
teaching-learning process attractive.
Students could learn about noun,
According to Wahyuningsih (2009),
adjective and verb in this book.
crossword puzzle is a game in which
Besides, the students are encouraged
words are guessed from the definitions
to think and guess the word based on
given, and are fitted into a diagram of
clues provided. This activity might be
white
challenging as well as motivating for
and
crossword
black
has
squares.
words
The
composed.
topics
in
It
was
English
the students.
written
horizontally (across clues) and words
The purpose of making this
written vertically (down clues). The
crossword puzzle game book is to
pattern of black squares usually serves
increase
to separate each word from adjacent
Learning language using media will be
134
students’
vocabulary.
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
It can be concluded that the
more interesting and would help the
students
retain
vocabulary
ISSN: 2528-3804
level
better.
of
vocabulary
determines
someone’s language proficiency
Through this book the students would
learn vocabulary that consists daily
words in communication and able to
The
express more ideas by knowing a lot
Crossword Puzzle
of
vocabulary.
Based
on
Nature
Of
According
the
Game
to
and
Weisskirch,
explanation above the writer takes the
(2006), game has been a widely
game above to be an interest subject to
utilized form of learning used by
discuss in a title: “The Making of
students and teachers across age
English Crossword Puzzle Book for
groups and areas of study. Ersoz in
Vocabulary Learning for Junior High
Mubaslat (2012) states that games are
School Students”.
highly motivating because of their
amusement. They could be used to
REVIEW OF RELATED
give practice in all language skill and
LITERATURE
be used to practice many types of
communication”.
According to Kronholz (2005),
Related Theory
crossword puzzle helps students to
The Nature of Vocabulary
John
(2000)
states
master
that
basic
terminology.
It
is
vocabulary is knowledge of knowing
supported by William (2007) who
the meaning of word,
finding out
states that the use of educational
synonymous word, a dictionary tape
games such as crossword puzzles,
definition, or an equivalent word in
word
one’s own language. Furthermore,
television game shows, or commercial
Thornbury (2002) states that lack of
board and card games makes learning
vocabulary
fun and motivational.
knowledge
hinders
search
puzzles,
modified
and
Davis, et.al. (2009) also state
production. Besides, Cardenas (2001)
that crossword puzzle is helping the
also states that vocabulary is used to
students to develop and enrich stock of
determine the proficiency of a student
vocabulary and it helps the teacher to
has in oral context.
achieve the goals in studying English.
language
comprehension
135
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
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It means that crossword puzzle is not
more interesting. As well, students
only a game but also a teaching
found it more pleasurable to work in
technique which provide the best
groups and efficient as a tool for
exercise for confirming the meaning of
revision.
words in the students’ mind.
The third was Efendi (2013),
“The use of games to improve
vocabulary mastery “. The aim of this
Related Study
There were some studies that
research was to describe the way of
are related to this study. The first,
“got it game “and ” back to the board
study conducted by Alsanabadi and
game”
Rasouli (2013) entitled “The effect of
mastery of the seventh grade students.
games on improvements of Iranian
The finding of the study showed that
English Foreign Language Vocabulary
the use of “ got it game” and “back to
Language in Kindergartens”. The aim
the board game” with the topic of
of the study was to find a way to help
vocabulary
young
Language
communication, people occupation,
Learners fix the novel vocabulary in
and personal care and appearance can
thier minds. The results of the study
improve student’ vocabulary mastery
revealed that games not only bring fun
achievements.
English
Foreign
in
improving
of
daily
vocabulary
English
The differences between those
for learners but also motivate learners
researches to this product were by the
and improve their skill.
The second was Yulia (2010)
rule of play and the shape. Those
entitled “The Use of Crossword Puzzle
researches used software application
in Teaching Vocabulary”. The aims of
and pieces of paper for making the
this study was crossword puzzles as a
games. However, in this study it was
means of reviewing course material.
made become a small book.
Students did two crossword puzzles,
Related Product
Puzzle is a type of game that
one in class for one examination, the
another
already known by many people since
examination. They were well disposed
long time. There were some popular
towards the use of crossword puzzles.
puzzles that have been played by
They indicated that learning became
people such as crossword puzzle,
other
outside
class
for
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INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
jigzaw puzzle, matr
atric word puzzle,
made little bit di
different from the
construction puzzlee aand logic puzzle.
existed puzzles.
Crossword puzzle upon one’s general
knowledge, recall of word defined or
suggested by short de
definition or pieces
of information, and spe
spelling ability.
Crossword puz
puzzle was first
discovered
by
Athur
thurWyne
on
2
December 1913 and
nd tthen published in
Figur
ure 2.1
Crossword
dp
puzzle game
the magazine "New Y
York Work" with
a format an usuall use
used. Crossword
METHODOLOGY
GY OF STUDY
puzzle book first published
publ
in 1924 by
Equipment and Mat
Material
Simon and Scuster.
r. In the 1970 in
Equipment
Jakarta was appear “ Brain Teaser “ a
magazine crossword
ord puzzle and other
used in this study
The equipments use
words game. The appe
ppeal of games and
were software and
nd hardware, which
puzzles are depend on the element of
were as follows:
a. Hardware
chance which makes
kes the same game
The hardwaree used were laptop
different each time it iis played.
and printer
The differenc
nces between the
b. Software
existed puzzle game
mes and the one
re several software
There were
made in this finall project
pr
were the
used in this stud
study, they are:
function and also tthe design. The
a. Photoshop
existed crossword puz
puzzle books were
It wass used to design
played for fun. In aanother side, this
papers of thi
this book and also
crossword puzzle book was made to
modify alll of them.
help junior high schoo
school students in
b. Microsoftt of
office excel 2007
learning vocabulary
y and memorizing
It was us
used to design the
the words that the
they have studied
crosswordd puz
puzzle game
easily. The design of
o the book that
c. Mozilla Fire
irefox
137
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
Figure 3.1
Procedure of the study
It was used to search
several
information
ISSN: 2528-3804
trough
Data Collection technique
Google searching engine.
Literature Study
Material
The model of the game and the
There were several materials used in
question were collected from several
this study, they were:
sources. The data for the study were
a. Papers
collected from journal and books. For
It was used for designing this
the model of the game, it refers to the
book become a small book.
previous models which exist in several
b. Flash disk
books and websites.
It was used for copying and
Product Design
saving the data before do
Design of Crossword Puzzle Book
printing process.
The crossword puzzle book
c. Smartphone
game was designed after collecting
It was used for taking pictures
data from several sources. The book
during the evaluation process.
title is “Smart Crossword Puzzle“. The
Procedure of Study
book consists of 28 pages.
The first step was identifying
Besides, every page contains
the problems existed in junior high
different topics such as adjective about
school and proposing solution for the
Profession/occupation,
problem.
human activities, noun
verb
about the
name of thing and others.
Problem
identification
about
The
question types are in thematic. It
means if the topic discusses about
Data
collection
family, the questions are related to
family. The questions in this game
The design
of product
were taken from many sources that
related to junior high school level
study. The design of crossword puzzle
Making of
the product
book could be seen in the following
figure.
The result
138
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
Page 15-16
Page 17-18
Figure
re 3.2
3
Result of Design Crossoword
Cro
Puzzle
The contents
nts of crossword
Page 19-20
puzzle book would be described in a
storyboard as shownn bbelow.
Page 21-24
Table
le 3.1
3
Storyboard off the
t product
Book
De
Descriptions
Contents
The fron
ront and back cover
Cover
designed
ed with Photoshop.
The fron
ront cover contained
the title
tle of the book and
the back
ck cover contained
the
significance
s
of
crosswor
ord puzzle book.
Page i
This ppage contained
Acknow
wledgement.
Page ii
This page
pag contained the
Table of the contents.
Page 1-2
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Antonym
A
adjective
and Anim
Animal.
Page 3-4
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about
Hobies
and
Animal.
al.
Page 5-6
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Food
Fo & Drink and
Family.
Page 7-8
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about F
Fruit and Part of
body.
Page 9-10
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Vegetable and
Occupati
ation.
Page 11-12 This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about
Holiday
and
Roomss & object in a
house.
Page 13-14 This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
Page 25-26
about
ut Music instrument
and Ob
Object in Earth.
This
is ppages contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut
Sport
and
Furnitu
niture.
This
is ppages contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut Transportation and
Part of body.
This
is ppage contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut Job & Place and
Synon
onym Personality.
This
is pages contained
Answe
wers keys.
This
is pages contained
Refere
erence and Biography
of writer
riter.
Crossword Puzzle
le B
Book instruction
Similar to ccommon crossword
puzzle, this crosswor
word puzzle consists
of Across & Dow
own questions. The
player (Students) shoul
should fill the blank
boxes with the right
ght words. It is based
on the questions
ons given. There are
several instructions
ons of the crossword
puzzle such as gue
guess the profession
based on the picture
ure, find the synonym
and the antonym of the words. The
teacher can use this
his book as media to
evaluate
the
stude
student’s
ability
in
learning vocabular
bulary. For example
using this book for
or eevaluations and for
those who can ans
answer the puzzle
correctly they willl ge
get a high score.
RESULT AND DIS
ISCUSSION
Process
of
Mak
aking
Puzzle Book Game
me
139
Crossword
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
There were several processes
the existing crossword puzzle game
done in making this book, it was
from text book and the internet.
started from searching, providing, and
However, it was modified with design
collecting the materials until designing
and animation images.
the model of the book game. The
complete processes of making the
Designing the model of crossword
game are explained below :
puzzle book game
Collecting
and
Providing
After
the
collected,
material
the
the
data
next
had
process
been
was
The content of this crossword
designing the book game. Photoshop
puzzle book game is several sets of
and Microsoft Office Excel 2007 were
vocabulary which are provided for
used in supporting this process. The
junior high school students. Therefore,
sequence of the process was started by
searching, providing and collecting the
designing the cover of the book. Here
material of vocabulary were the first
is the process of designing the games
things done. The model of crossword
that has been made for this final
puzzle game and the questions for this
project.
book were taken from English text
The process of designing crossword
book used by the second grade of high
puzzle book game.
school
students
entitled
“When
a. The process of designing the
English Rings a Bell”. Besides text
front and back cover.
book, the materials for the questions
In designing the puzzle book,
were also taken from other books and
the first step was opening Photoshop
several websites which discuss about
application by clicking New at File.
vocabulary for junior high school
The second step was setting the page
students.
size and the margin of the book.
After
the
processes
of
The next process was giving
collecting and providing the material
the colors of book cover by using
for the questions were done, the next
Paint Bucket Tool. Next step was
step was collecting materials for the
adding a layer style on the book cover
game model. The model of this
by using Gradient to beautify
crossword puzzle game was referred to
foreground of the book cover and
140
the
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
clicking OK. Afterr tthat, the process
After the cove
cover was done, the
was adding decorati
ation to make the
next step was creating
ating the first page of
cover more interesting
sting by using Move
the book game byy opening Microsoft
Tool.
Office Excel. After
er that, boxes for the
crossword puzzlee were created by
clicking Border.
Figure
re 4.1
4
Creating decoration
tion for the cover
The next step
ep was creating the
Figur
ure 4.4
title of the book byy using Text Tool.
Creating the cro
crossword puzzle
The next step was preparing for
Then, some pictures
es were added for
the type of the quest
questions. For example,
the book cover by using
usin Move Tool.
the question about
bout description or
definition of the
he word, synonym,
antonym and questi
stion by picture. It is
important to make
ke sur
sure that the topic is
Figure
re 4.2
4
interesting. Then,
n, the step was trying
The front
nt cover
to fill in the blank
nk box
boxes with several
The last stepp w
was creating the
letters across and dow
down to make sure
back cover by doingg tthe same
that each of box suitable with the
directions as front cov
over.
answer. After that,
t, tthe step was giving
the number of eachh box
box.
Then, the step was opening
Photoshop by clicki
icking Open at File.
After that, the proce
ocess was creating the
title
Figure
re 4.3
4
and
the
que
questions
of
the
The back
k ccover
crossword puzzle bby using Text Tool.
b. The process of designing the
The last step wa
was inserting some
Crossword Puz
Puzzle
images to makee the book more
141
INOVISH JOURNAL
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interesting. The resul
esults of the first
book has twenty pa
pages for the game,
page can be seen below.
below
which
each
pag
age
has
different
appearances and pic
pictures. The size of
the book is 20 x 26 cm printed with
A4 Paper (Landsca
ndscape). The complete
descriptions
detail
tails
are
explained
below.
Figure
re 4.5
4
Crossword
rd puzzle
1. Front cover
Result of the Study
The first part is the book cover.
The result of this study was a
It contains the book title, pictures
crossword puzzle book game which
and the writer’s na
name.
can be used as a m
medium to learn
English
for
junior
unior
high
school
students, especially about
a
vocabulary.
This crossword puzzle
puz
game book
contains several kinds of questions
Figur
ure 4.6
such as questions ba
based on picture,
Front
nt Co
Cover
antonym, synonym aand definition of
the
word
or
de
descriptions.
The
2. Acknowledgm
gment
complete results in m
making process are
The second
part
is
an
explained below.
acknowledgment
nt of the book. In
Overall content of ccrossword puzzle
this page, theree is short explanation
book
of the crosswor
word puzzle book
The design oof the crossword
which
puzzle book has been
bee shown above.
explains
insabout
puzzle includedd iin this book.
As mentioned before
ore, the model of
crossword puzzle book was referred to
the existing modell on text book and
also
several
websi
ebsites.
crossword
However,
almost all contents in this book were
Figur
ure 4.7
self-drawn using Microsoft
Mi
Office
Acknowled
ledgement
Excel 2007. The ccrossword puzzle
3. List of content
nts
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INOVISH JOURNAL
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The thirdd pa
part is the list of
contents. This
his page contains
sequences list
ist of the crossword
puzzle game.
Figure
ure 4.11
Antonym
nym Part
Figure
re 4.8
Table of Content
C
Figure
ure 4.12
4. Book contents
nts
Synonym
nym Part
The nextt pa
part is the book
5. Biography
content. This crossword
cr
puzzle
This pag
page contains short
book contains 20 pages of game.
biography of the
he book writer.
There are 4 types
pes questions of the
crosword
puzzle
zle.
Question
Based
sed
Description,
They
on
Antonym
A
are
Picture,
and
Synonym.
Figure
ure 4.13
Biography of the Writer
6. Back cover
This part
rt is the last page of
the book. The ba
back cover contains
Figure
re 4.9
4
the
Picture Quest
estions Part
significance
nce
of
puzzle game.
Figure
ure 4.14
Figure 4.10
4
Back
k Co
Cover
Description
ions Part
143
crossword
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
dividing the students into two groups.
Playing Instructions
1. The game can be played by
Each group consisted of five students.
one, two, or more
Then, each group were given the book.
2. The player(s) need(s) to answer
Next, the group members filled in the
every page of the book game
crossword
correctly based on the theme
instructions in the book .
and clue given for each page.
puzzle
based
on
the
They had to fill in every page
3. In “definition of the word or
of
the crossword puzzle book. The
description” part, the player(s)
time given to complete the puzzle was
need(s) to find the words based
twenty minutes. After the process of
on the context given.
filling in the crossword puzzle was
4. In “Name of Things” part, the
done, the group who could complete
player(s) need(s) to write the
the puzzle correctly and quickly got
name of things based on the
the prize. The last thing was giving the
pictures.
evaluation sheet to the teacher and the
5.
In
“Antonym”
player(s)
need(s)
part,
to
students.
the
think
Teacher of junior high school.
The result of evaluation by the
opposite of the word that has
teacher was the game was good and
already been given.
6.
the
very interesting. Besides, the book
player(s) need(s) to think the
could motivate and help the students
similar word meaning of the
in learning English. However, there
word that has already been
were some weaknesses of the book.
given
The question based on image and the
In
“Synonym”
part,
number given of each book were not
7. the player(s) is/are given thirty
really
minutes to answer the puzzle.
clear.
Therefore,
it
was
suggested to make the pictures and the
Evaluation
number of each box clearer.
The evaluation process of this
book was done at junior high school 1
Students of second grade of junior
Bantan on 23 May 2017. The first
high school.
thing
done
was
introducing
and
There were sixteen students
explaining the game. After that,
involved in the evaluation. But, there
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INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
were only ten students joined the
CONCLUSION AND
game. In the evaluation, all of the
SUGGESTION
students
Conclusions
were
interested
in
There are several conclusions
accomplishing the puzzle. They said
and
made for this study. The main purpose
challenging. The game could motivate
of this study was to make a English
and help
them to learn English
crossword puzzle book game for
however, they said that there
junior high school students. This book
were some weaknesses of the game.
was made as a medium in learning
The picture was not really clear and
English especially vocabulary. It is
the game was little bit difficult. It
provides a review course material that
made the students think hard to find
have
the answer. Therefore, they suggested
Therefore, it helps the students in
that to pay more attention on the
learning English vocabulary.
that
the
game
was
good
studied
by
the
students.
There were several processes
picture and the questions given.
in making the book. the process was
Problem
started from collecting the material,
There were some problems
designing and printing the book. The
faced during the process of making
application used during making this
this book. They were :
book was Photoshop and Microsoft
1. Using the application to design
Office Excel. The content of the book
the book game.
In
designing
Photoshop
application
However,
there
were taken from several sources. They
this
was
was
lack
book,
were English text book, dictionary and
used.
internet. Then, it is modified with
of
several images of each page.
knowledge in using the Photoshop
The
crossword
puzzle
is
application. It caused some difficulties
several sets vocabulary which are
in designing the book.
provided
2. Printing the product.
The
problem
faced
for
junior
high
school
students. The questions of the puzzle
was
consist of 4 types of the questions.
difficulty to find good quality printing
They
shop.
definition of word and questions based
145
are
antonym,
synonym,
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
on
image.
Besides,
every
ISSN: 2528-3804
students in learning English especially
page
vocabulary.
contains different topic of the puzzle.
There are 28 pages of the book which
20 pages for the puzzle, 4 pages for
REFERENCES
the answers key and 4 pages for the
Alsanabadi, H. &Rasouli, G. (2013).
The effect of game on
improvement of iranian EFL
vocabulary knowledge in the
kingdergartens.
International
review of social sciences and
humanities.Retrieved
on
th,
December 11 2016.
acknowledgement, table of content,
reference and biography of the writer.
Suggestion
The were several suggestions
for teachers and junior high school
students. The suggestions were as
Cardenas (2001).Issues on active
speaking
vocabulary
assessment.Lowa
State
University.
Retrieved
on
th
December 11 , 2016. From
http://waw.teachingenglish.org.u
k/think/vocabulary/workingwith
vocabulary.shtml.
follows :
Suggestion For Teacher Of Junor
High School
The teachers can use this game
as a media to support learning English.
David, T., Shepherd, B., &
Zwiefelhoper,
T,.
(2009),
Reviewing for exams : Do
crossword puzzle help in the
success of student’s learning.
The Journal of Effective
Teaching.9(3), 4-10. Retrieved
on December 9th, 2016.
By using media, the learning process
could be more attractive. Besides, the
students can catch the lesson better.
This game is also easy to be played
and understood by the students. So
that, it will be easier for the teachers in
Efendi, E. (2013). The use of games to
improve
vocabulary
mastery.Journal the Physique
III. 1(12), 78-84. Retrieved on
December 9th, 2016.
introducing and using it in class.
Suggestion For Students Of Junior
High School
The students can use this game
Harmer, J. (2001).The practice of
English language teaching. UK:
Longman Publications.
during learning process. It is created to
avoid boredom during learning hours.
John. (2002). Contextual teaching and
learning
(IbnuSetiawanTerjemahan). Bandung: Mizan
Learning Center.
In additions, playing this game is not
only fun, but also effective. This
crossword puzzle game can help the
146
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
Kronholz, J. (2005). Is this going to be
the test? Essay from Eexcellence
in
teaching.
Retrieved on 12th, 2016. From
http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/eit
2002/eiLo2-13.pdf
vocabulary.
Bandung.
Mubaslat, Mania Moayad. (2012).
Practical English Language
Teaching PELT:Mc. Graw-Hill
Singapore.
Sugiyono.(2011).
MetodePenelitianKombinasi
(Mixed
Methods).Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Thornbury, S. (2002).How to teach
vocabulary. UK: Longman.
Wahyuningsih, N. (2009). A study on
the role of crossword puzzle in
developing
speaking
proficiency.Bistek
Journal
BisnisdanTeknologi. 17(1), 4450. Retrieved on December 9th,
2016.
Weisskirch, R. S. (2006). An analysis
of instructor- created crossword
puzzle for students’ review.
Collage Teaching.54(1), 198201. Retrieved on December
12th, 2016.
Widaningsih, R. (2009). Increasing
vocabulary
mastery
using
crossword puzzle technique in
inclusion program: Surakarta.
William, D. (2007). A unique review
strategy that motivates students
learning.Students
motivation.
Vol (2), 64-69.
Yulia, Sandra. (2009). The use of
crossword puzzle in teaching
147
ISSN: 2528-3804
FPBS
UPI:
ISSN: 2528-3804
THE MAKING OF ENGLISH CROSSWORD PUZZLE BOOK
FOR VOCABULARY LEARNING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS
Jamatul Khairiah1, Rionaldi2 and Aprizawati3
English Study Program of Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis
State Polytechnic of Bengkalis
Jl. Bathin Alam-Sungai Alam, Bengkalis-Riau, 28711 Telepon: (+6277) 24566,
Fax: (+2766) 800 1000 e-mail: rio@polbeng.ac.id, aprizawati@polbeng.ac.id
1,2,3
Abstract : Vocabulary is one of important elements to be mastered In learning
a foreign language. However, in real condition, the students sometimes feel
bored and less interested to learn vocabulary. The aimed of this study was to
make a Crossword Puzzle Book to help students to learn English vocabulary. It
was designed to help students to be more interested in learning vocabulary.
There were several processes in making the book, started from collecting the
material, designing and printing the book. The application used was Photoshop
and Microsoft Office Excel. The source materials of the book were taken from
several sources. They were English text book, dictionary and Internet. The
arrangement of the content is thematic. Interesting topics were chosen and
several images were added. Besides, there are 4 question types: Synonym,
Antonym, Question based on image, and Description. This book provides
students a review course material, so that, it is expected to help students in
learning vocabulary and remember it easily.
Keywords: English Crossword Puzzle, Vocabulary, Junior High School Students.
However, in real condition,
INTRODUCTION
In learning a foreign language,
there are several factors inhibiting
vocabulary plays an important role. It
students in learning vocabulary. The
is an element that links four language
first one is a lack of availability of
skills like speaking, listening, reading,
learning media in learning vocabulary
and writing. Therefore, the students
for students. So that, it might make
should learn vocabulary to understand
the class become monotonous and
the unfamiliar words, gain a greater
boring.
number of words, and use them in
some interesting media in learning
communicative purposes.
vocabulary is expected to help them
133
Therefore,
exposing them
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
enjoy learning language especially in
words. In other word, crossword
learning vocabulary.
puzzle is an activity which asks
someone to think and try to guess the
One of interesting media used
word based on the clues given.
to take students’ interest in learning
Crossword puzzle offers a
vocabulary is game. Game is effective
and interesting way that can be applied
challenge
that
will
in teaching. According to Harmer
students to try to solve the puzzle by
(2001), games give learners a feeling
making
of competition to participate in the
Besides,
process of learning vocabulary and
opportunity for students to practice
motivate them to repeat them with
and repeat the sentence pattern and
enthusiasm. He also maintains that
vocabulary.
learning
it
motivate
fun
also
and
the
relax.
gives
much
games are associated with a feeling of
Since there is still lack of
happiness. For this reason, most
availability of vocabulary games in
learners appreciate games and enjoy
schools, a crossword puzzle book
participating in them even though they
therefore was
are not really familiar with their rules.
designed to make the students feel
There are various kinds of
interested in learning more about
game that can be used in learning a
English vocabulary. It contains several
language. One of them is crossword
interesting
puzzle. It is a game that makes the
vocabulary to play any time they want.
teaching-learning process attractive.
Students could learn about noun,
According to Wahyuningsih (2009),
adjective and verb in this book.
crossword puzzle is a game in which
Besides, the students are encouraged
words are guessed from the definitions
to think and guess the word based on
given, and are fitted into a diagram of
clues provided. This activity might be
white
challenging as well as motivating for
and
crossword
black
has
squares.
words
The
composed.
topics
in
It
was
English
the students.
written
horizontally (across clues) and words
The purpose of making this
written vertically (down clues). The
crossword puzzle game book is to
pattern of black squares usually serves
increase
to separate each word from adjacent
Learning language using media will be
134
students’
vocabulary.
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
It can be concluded that the
more interesting and would help the
students
retain
vocabulary
ISSN: 2528-3804
level
better.
of
vocabulary
determines
someone’s language proficiency
Through this book the students would
learn vocabulary that consists daily
words in communication and able to
The
express more ideas by knowing a lot
Crossword Puzzle
of
vocabulary.
Based
on
Nature
Of
According
the
Game
to
and
Weisskirch,
explanation above the writer takes the
(2006), game has been a widely
game above to be an interest subject to
utilized form of learning used by
discuss in a title: “The Making of
students and teachers across age
English Crossword Puzzle Book for
groups and areas of study. Ersoz in
Vocabulary Learning for Junior High
Mubaslat (2012) states that games are
School Students”.
highly motivating because of their
amusement. They could be used to
REVIEW OF RELATED
give practice in all language skill and
LITERATURE
be used to practice many types of
communication”.
According to Kronholz (2005),
Related Theory
crossword puzzle helps students to
The Nature of Vocabulary
John
(2000)
states
master
that
basic
terminology.
It
is
vocabulary is knowledge of knowing
supported by William (2007) who
the meaning of word,
finding out
states that the use of educational
synonymous word, a dictionary tape
games such as crossword puzzles,
definition, or an equivalent word in
word
one’s own language. Furthermore,
television game shows, or commercial
Thornbury (2002) states that lack of
board and card games makes learning
vocabulary
fun and motivational.
knowledge
hinders
search
puzzles,
modified
and
Davis, et.al. (2009) also state
production. Besides, Cardenas (2001)
that crossword puzzle is helping the
also states that vocabulary is used to
students to develop and enrich stock of
determine the proficiency of a student
vocabulary and it helps the teacher to
has in oral context.
achieve the goals in studying English.
language
comprehension
135
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
It means that crossword puzzle is not
more interesting. As well, students
only a game but also a teaching
found it more pleasurable to work in
technique which provide the best
groups and efficient as a tool for
exercise for confirming the meaning of
revision.
words in the students’ mind.
The third was Efendi (2013),
“The use of games to improve
vocabulary mastery “. The aim of this
Related Study
There were some studies that
research was to describe the way of
are related to this study. The first,
“got it game “and ” back to the board
study conducted by Alsanabadi and
game”
Rasouli (2013) entitled “The effect of
mastery of the seventh grade students.
games on improvements of Iranian
The finding of the study showed that
English Foreign Language Vocabulary
the use of “ got it game” and “back to
Language in Kindergartens”. The aim
the board game” with the topic of
of the study was to find a way to help
vocabulary
young
Language
communication, people occupation,
Learners fix the novel vocabulary in
and personal care and appearance can
thier minds. The results of the study
improve student’ vocabulary mastery
revealed that games not only bring fun
achievements.
English
Foreign
in
improving
of
daily
vocabulary
English
The differences between those
for learners but also motivate learners
researches to this product were by the
and improve their skill.
The second was Yulia (2010)
rule of play and the shape. Those
entitled “The Use of Crossword Puzzle
researches used software application
in Teaching Vocabulary”. The aims of
and pieces of paper for making the
this study was crossword puzzles as a
games. However, in this study it was
means of reviewing course material.
made become a small book.
Students did two crossword puzzles,
Related Product
Puzzle is a type of game that
one in class for one examination, the
another
already known by many people since
examination. They were well disposed
long time. There were some popular
towards the use of crossword puzzles.
puzzles that have been played by
They indicated that learning became
people such as crossword puzzle,
other
outside
class
for
136
INOVISH JOURNAL
AL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
jigzaw puzzle, matr
atric word puzzle,
made little bit di
different from the
construction puzzlee aand logic puzzle.
existed puzzles.
Crossword puzzle upon one’s general
knowledge, recall of word defined or
suggested by short de
definition or pieces
of information, and spe
spelling ability.
Crossword puz
puzzle was first
discovered
by
Athur
thurWyne
on
2
December 1913 and
nd tthen published in
Figur
ure 2.1
Crossword
dp
puzzle game
the magazine "New Y
York Work" with
a format an usuall use
used. Crossword
METHODOLOGY
GY OF STUDY
puzzle book first published
publ
in 1924 by
Equipment and Mat
Material
Simon and Scuster.
r. In the 1970 in
Equipment
Jakarta was appear “ Brain Teaser “ a
magazine crossword
ord puzzle and other
used in this study
The equipments use
words game. The appe
ppeal of games and
were software and
nd hardware, which
puzzles are depend on the element of
were as follows:
a. Hardware
chance which makes
kes the same game
The hardwaree used were laptop
different each time it iis played.
and printer
The differenc
nces between the
b. Software
existed puzzle game
mes and the one
re several software
There were
made in this finall project
pr
were the
used in this stud
study, they are:
function and also tthe design. The
a. Photoshop
existed crossword puz
puzzle books were
It wass used to design
played for fun. In aanother side, this
papers of thi
this book and also
crossword puzzle book was made to
modify alll of them.
help junior high schoo
school students in
b. Microsoftt of
office excel 2007
learning vocabulary
y and memorizing
It was us
used to design the
the words that the
they have studied
crosswordd puz
puzzle game
easily. The design of
o the book that
c. Mozilla Fire
irefox
137
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
Figure 3.1
Procedure of the study
It was used to search
several
information
ISSN: 2528-3804
trough
Data Collection technique
Google searching engine.
Literature Study
Material
The model of the game and the
There were several materials used in
question were collected from several
this study, they were:
sources. The data for the study were
a. Papers
collected from journal and books. For
It was used for designing this
the model of the game, it refers to the
book become a small book.
previous models which exist in several
b. Flash disk
books and websites.
It was used for copying and
Product Design
saving the data before do
Design of Crossword Puzzle Book
printing process.
The crossword puzzle book
c. Smartphone
game was designed after collecting
It was used for taking pictures
data from several sources. The book
during the evaluation process.
title is “Smart Crossword Puzzle“. The
Procedure of Study
book consists of 28 pages.
The first step was identifying
Besides, every page contains
the problems existed in junior high
different topics such as adjective about
school and proposing solution for the
Profession/occupation,
problem.
human activities, noun
verb
about the
name of thing and others.
Problem
identification
about
The
question types are in thematic. It
means if the topic discusses about
Data
collection
family, the questions are related to
family. The questions in this game
The design
of product
were taken from many sources that
related to junior high school level
study. The design of crossword puzzle
Making of
the product
book could be seen in the following
figure.
The result
138
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
Page 15-16
Page 17-18
Figure
re 3.2
3
Result of Design Crossoword
Cro
Puzzle
The contents
nts of crossword
Page 19-20
puzzle book would be described in a
storyboard as shownn bbelow.
Page 21-24
Table
le 3.1
3
Storyboard off the
t product
Book
De
Descriptions
Contents
The fron
ront and back cover
Cover
designed
ed with Photoshop.
The fron
ront cover contained
the title
tle of the book and
the back
ck cover contained
the
significance
s
of
crosswor
ord puzzle book.
Page i
This ppage contained
Acknow
wledgement.
Page ii
This page
pag contained the
Table of the contents.
Page 1-2
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Antonym
A
adjective
and Anim
Animal.
Page 3-4
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about
Hobies
and
Animal.
al.
Page 5-6
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Food
Fo & Drink and
Family.
Page 7-8
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about F
Fruit and Part of
body.
Page 9-10
This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about Vegetable and
Occupati
ation.
Page 11-12 This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
about
Holiday
and
Roomss & object in a
house.
Page 13-14 This pag
ages contained two
puzzles
les that discussed
Page 25-26
about
ut Music instrument
and Ob
Object in Earth.
This
is ppages contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut
Sport
and
Furnitu
niture.
This
is ppages contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut Transportation and
Part of body.
This
is ppage contained two
puzzles
zles that discussed
about
ut Job & Place and
Synon
onym Personality.
This
is pages contained
Answe
wers keys.
This
is pages contained
Refere
erence and Biography
of writer
riter.
Crossword Puzzle
le B
Book instruction
Similar to ccommon crossword
puzzle, this crosswor
word puzzle consists
of Across & Dow
own questions. The
player (Students) shoul
should fill the blank
boxes with the right
ght words. It is based
on the questions
ons given. There are
several instructions
ons of the crossword
puzzle such as gue
guess the profession
based on the picture
ure, find the synonym
and the antonym of the words. The
teacher can use this
his book as media to
evaluate
the
stude
student’s
ability
in
learning vocabular
bulary. For example
using this book for
or eevaluations and for
those who can ans
answer the puzzle
correctly they willl ge
get a high score.
RESULT AND DIS
ISCUSSION
Process
of
Mak
aking
Puzzle Book Game
me
139
Crossword
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
There were several processes
the existing crossword puzzle game
done in making this book, it was
from text book and the internet.
started from searching, providing, and
However, it was modified with design
collecting the materials until designing
and animation images.
the model of the book game. The
complete processes of making the
Designing the model of crossword
game are explained below :
puzzle book game
Collecting
and
Providing
After
the
collected,
material
the
the
data
next
had
process
been
was
The content of this crossword
designing the book game. Photoshop
puzzle book game is several sets of
and Microsoft Office Excel 2007 were
vocabulary which are provided for
used in supporting this process. The
junior high school students. Therefore,
sequence of the process was started by
searching, providing and collecting the
designing the cover of the book. Here
material of vocabulary were the first
is the process of designing the games
things done. The model of crossword
that has been made for this final
puzzle game and the questions for this
project.
book were taken from English text
The process of designing crossword
book used by the second grade of high
puzzle book game.
school
students
entitled
“When
a. The process of designing the
English Rings a Bell”. Besides text
front and back cover.
book, the materials for the questions
In designing the puzzle book,
were also taken from other books and
the first step was opening Photoshop
several websites which discuss about
application by clicking New at File.
vocabulary for junior high school
The second step was setting the page
students.
size and the margin of the book.
After
the
processes
of
The next process was giving
collecting and providing the material
the colors of book cover by using
for the questions were done, the next
Paint Bucket Tool. Next step was
step was collecting materials for the
adding a layer style on the book cover
game model. The model of this
by using Gradient to beautify
crossword puzzle game was referred to
foreground of the book cover and
140
the
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
clicking OK. Afterr tthat, the process
After the cove
cover was done, the
was adding decorati
ation to make the
next step was creating
ating the first page of
cover more interesting
sting by using Move
the book game byy opening Microsoft
Tool.
Office Excel. After
er that, boxes for the
crossword puzzlee were created by
clicking Border.
Figure
re 4.1
4
Creating decoration
tion for the cover
The next step
ep was creating the
Figur
ure 4.4
title of the book byy using Text Tool.
Creating the cro
crossword puzzle
The next step was preparing for
Then, some pictures
es were added for
the type of the quest
questions. For example,
the book cover by using
usin Move Tool.
the question about
bout description or
definition of the
he word, synonym,
antonym and questi
stion by picture. It is
important to make
ke sur
sure that the topic is
Figure
re 4.2
4
interesting. Then,
n, the step was trying
The front
nt cover
to fill in the blank
nk box
boxes with several
The last stepp w
was creating the
letters across and dow
down to make sure
back cover by doingg tthe same
that each of box suitable with the
directions as front cov
over.
answer. After that,
t, tthe step was giving
the number of eachh box
box.
Then, the step was opening
Photoshop by clicki
icking Open at File.
After that, the proce
ocess was creating the
title
Figure
re 4.3
4
and
the
que
questions
of
the
The back
k ccover
crossword puzzle bby using Text Tool.
b. The process of designing the
The last step wa
was inserting some
Crossword Puz
Puzzle
images to makee the book more
141
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
interesting. The resul
esults of the first
book has twenty pa
pages for the game,
page can be seen below.
below
which
each
pag
age
has
different
appearances and pic
pictures. The size of
the book is 20 x 26 cm printed with
A4 Paper (Landsca
ndscape). The complete
descriptions
detail
tails
are
explained
below.
Figure
re 4.5
4
Crossword
rd puzzle
1. Front cover
Result of the Study
The first part is the book cover.
The result of this study was a
It contains the book title, pictures
crossword puzzle book game which
and the writer’s na
name.
can be used as a m
medium to learn
English
for
junior
unior
high
school
students, especially about
a
vocabulary.
This crossword puzzle
puz
game book
contains several kinds of questions
Figur
ure 4.6
such as questions ba
based on picture,
Front
nt Co
Cover
antonym, synonym aand definition of
the
word
or
de
descriptions.
The
2. Acknowledgm
gment
complete results in m
making process are
The second
part
is
an
explained below.
acknowledgment
nt of the book. In
Overall content of ccrossword puzzle
this page, theree is short explanation
book
of the crosswor
word puzzle book
The design oof the crossword
which
puzzle book has been
bee shown above.
explains
insabout
puzzle includedd iin this book.
As mentioned before
ore, the model of
crossword puzzle book was referred to
the existing modell on text book and
also
several
websi
ebsites.
crossword
However,
almost all contents in this book were
Figur
ure 4.7
self-drawn using Microsoft
Mi
Office
Acknowled
ledgement
Excel 2007. The ccrossword puzzle
3. List of content
nts
142
INOVISH JOURNAL
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ISSN: 2528-3804
The thirdd pa
part is the list of
contents. This
his page contains
sequences list
ist of the crossword
puzzle game.
Figure
ure 4.11
Antonym
nym Part
Figure
re 4.8
Table of Content
C
Figure
ure 4.12
4. Book contents
nts
Synonym
nym Part
The nextt pa
part is the book
5. Biography
content. This crossword
cr
puzzle
This pag
page contains short
book contains 20 pages of game.
biography of the
he book writer.
There are 4 types
pes questions of the
crosword
puzzle
zle.
Question
Based
sed
Description,
They
on
Antonym
A
are
Picture,
and
Synonym.
Figure
ure 4.13
Biography of the Writer
6. Back cover
This part
rt is the last page of
the book. The ba
back cover contains
Figure
re 4.9
4
the
Picture Quest
estions Part
significance
nce
of
puzzle game.
Figure
ure 4.14
Figure 4.10
4
Back
k Co
Cover
Description
ions Part
143
crossword
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
dividing the students into two groups.
Playing Instructions
1. The game can be played by
Each group consisted of five students.
one, two, or more
Then, each group were given the book.
2. The player(s) need(s) to answer
Next, the group members filled in the
every page of the book game
crossword
correctly based on the theme
instructions in the book .
and clue given for each page.
puzzle
based
on
the
They had to fill in every page
3. In “definition of the word or
of
the crossword puzzle book. The
description” part, the player(s)
time given to complete the puzzle was
need(s) to find the words based
twenty minutes. After the process of
on the context given.
filling in the crossword puzzle was
4. In “Name of Things” part, the
done, the group who could complete
player(s) need(s) to write the
the puzzle correctly and quickly got
name of things based on the
the prize. The last thing was giving the
pictures.
evaluation sheet to the teacher and the
5.
In
“Antonym”
player(s)
need(s)
part,
to
students.
the
think
Teacher of junior high school.
The result of evaluation by the
opposite of the word that has
teacher was the game was good and
already been given.
6.
the
very interesting. Besides, the book
player(s) need(s) to think the
could motivate and help the students
similar word meaning of the
in learning English. However, there
word that has already been
were some weaknesses of the book.
given
The question based on image and the
In
“Synonym”
part,
number given of each book were not
7. the player(s) is/are given thirty
really
minutes to answer the puzzle.
clear.
Therefore,
it
was
suggested to make the pictures and the
Evaluation
number of each box clearer.
The evaluation process of this
book was done at junior high school 1
Students of second grade of junior
Bantan on 23 May 2017. The first
high school.
thing
done
was
introducing
and
There were sixteen students
explaining the game. After that,
involved in the evaluation. But, there
144
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2528-3804
were only ten students joined the
CONCLUSION AND
game. In the evaluation, all of the
SUGGESTION
students
Conclusions
were
interested
in
There are several conclusions
accomplishing the puzzle. They said
and
made for this study. The main purpose
challenging. The game could motivate
of this study was to make a English
and help
them to learn English
crossword puzzle book game for
however, they said that there
junior high school students. This book
were some weaknesses of the game.
was made as a medium in learning
The picture was not really clear and
English especially vocabulary. It is
the game was little bit difficult. It
provides a review course material that
made the students think hard to find
have
the answer. Therefore, they suggested
Therefore, it helps the students in
that to pay more attention on the
learning English vocabulary.
that
the
game
was
good
studied
by
the
students.
There were several processes
picture and the questions given.
in making the book. the process was
Problem
started from collecting the material,
There were some problems
designing and printing the book. The
faced during the process of making
application used during making this
this book. They were :
book was Photoshop and Microsoft
1. Using the application to design
Office Excel. The content of the book
the book game.
In
designing
Photoshop
application
However,
there
were taken from several sources. They
this
was
was
lack
book,
were English text book, dictionary and
used.
internet. Then, it is modified with
of
several images of each page.
knowledge in using the Photoshop
The
crossword
puzzle
is
application. It caused some difficulties
several sets vocabulary which are
in designing the book.
provided
2. Printing the product.
The
problem
faced
for
junior
high
school
students. The questions of the puzzle
was
consist of 4 types of the questions.
difficulty to find good quality printing
They
shop.
definition of word and questions based
145
are
antonym,
synonym,
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
on
image.
Besides,
every
ISSN: 2528-3804
students in learning English especially
page
vocabulary.
contains different topic of the puzzle.
There are 28 pages of the book which
20 pages for the puzzle, 4 pages for
REFERENCES
the answers key and 4 pages for the
Alsanabadi, H. &Rasouli, G. (2013).
The effect of game on
improvement of iranian EFL
vocabulary knowledge in the
kingdergartens.
International
review of social sciences and
humanities.Retrieved
on
th,
December 11 2016.
acknowledgement, table of content,
reference and biography of the writer.
Suggestion
The were several suggestions
for teachers and junior high school
students. The suggestions were as
Cardenas (2001).Issues on active
speaking
vocabulary
assessment.Lowa
State
University.
Retrieved
on
th
December 11 , 2016. From
http://waw.teachingenglish.org.u
k/think/vocabulary/workingwith
vocabulary.shtml.
follows :
Suggestion For Teacher Of Junor
High School
The teachers can use this game
as a media to support learning English.
David, T., Shepherd, B., &
Zwiefelhoper,
T,.
(2009),
Reviewing for exams : Do
crossword puzzle help in the
success of student’s learning.
The Journal of Effective
Teaching.9(3), 4-10. Retrieved
on December 9th, 2016.
By using media, the learning process
could be more attractive. Besides, the
students can catch the lesson better.
This game is also easy to be played
and understood by the students. So
that, it will be easier for the teachers in
Efendi, E. (2013). The use of games to
improve
vocabulary
mastery.Journal the Physique
III. 1(12), 78-84. Retrieved on
December 9th, 2016.
introducing and using it in class.
Suggestion For Students Of Junior
High School
The students can use this game
Harmer, J. (2001).The practice of
English language teaching. UK:
Longman Publications.
during learning process. It is created to
avoid boredom during learning hours.
John. (2002). Contextual teaching and
learning
(IbnuSetiawanTerjemahan). Bandung: Mizan
Learning Center.
In additions, playing this game is not
only fun, but also effective. This
crossword puzzle game can help the
146
INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017
Kronholz, J. (2005). Is this going to be
the test? Essay from Eexcellence
in
teaching.
Retrieved on 12th, 2016. From
http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/eit
2002/eiLo2-13.pdf
vocabulary.
Bandung.
Mubaslat, Mania Moayad. (2012).
Practical English Language
Teaching PELT:Mc. Graw-Hill
Singapore.
Sugiyono.(2011).
MetodePenelitianKombinasi
(Mixed
Methods).Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Thornbury, S. (2002).How to teach
vocabulary. UK: Longman.
Wahyuningsih, N. (2009). A study on
the role of crossword puzzle in
developing
speaking
proficiency.Bistek
Journal
BisnisdanTeknologi. 17(1), 4450. Retrieved on December 9th,
2016.
Weisskirch, R. S. (2006). An analysis
of instructor- created crossword
puzzle for students’ review.
Collage Teaching.54(1), 198201. Retrieved on December
12th, 2016.
Widaningsih, R. (2009). Increasing
vocabulary
mastery
using
crossword puzzle technique in
inclusion program: Surakarta.
William, D. (2007). A unique review
strategy that motivates students
learning.Students
motivation.
Vol (2), 64-69.
Yulia, Sandra. (2009). The use of
crossword puzzle in teaching
147
ISSN: 2528-3804
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