Masjid Raya Johor

MASJID RAYA JOHOR
(ARSITEKTUR ISLAM)

LAPORAN PERANCANGAN
TKA 490 - TUGAS AKHIR
SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2012 / 2013

Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Oleh

INDRA KESUMA
090406031

DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
2013

Universitas Sumatera Utara

MASJID RAYA JOHOR
(ARSITEKTUR ISLAM)

Oleh :
INDRA KESUMA
09 0406 031

Medan, Juli 2013

Disetujui Oleh :

Pembimbing I

Pembimbing II

Prof. Ir. M. Nawawiy Loebis, M.Phil, PhD

Devin Defriza ST, MT

NIP : 1952092 71983031 003

NIP : 19750810 199802 1 001

Ketua Departemen Arsitektur

Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, MT
NIP. 19660622 199702 1 001

Universitas Sumatera Utara

SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK TUGAS AKHIR
(SHP2A)

Nama

: Indra Kesuma

NIM

: 09 0406 031

Judul Proyek Tugas Akhir

: Masjid Raya Johor

Tema

: Arsitektur Islam

Rekapitulasi Nilai :
A

B+

B

C+

C

D

E

Dengan ini mahasiswa yang bersangkutan dinyatakan :

No.

Status

1.

Lulus Langsung

2.

Lulus

Waktu

Paraf

Paraf

Pengumpulan

Pembimbing

Pembimbing

Laporan

I

II

Koordinator
TKA-490

Melengkapi

3.

Perbaikan
Tanpa Sidang

4.

Perbaikan
Dengan Sidang

5.

Tidak Lulus

Medan, Juli 2013
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur,

Koordinator TKA-490,

Ir. N.Vinky Rahman, MT.

Ir. Basaria Talarosha, MT

NIP : 19660622 199702 1 001

NIP : 19650109 199501 2 001

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TUGAS AKHIR (TKA – 490)

MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM
KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, puji dan syukur, saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena
berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya saya dapat menyelesaikan seluruh proses penyusunan

Laporan Tugas Akhir ini sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik
Arsitektur, Departemen Arsitektur Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Laporan Studio Tugas Akhir ini berisikan antara lain : pengumpulan data
melalui studi literatur dan dari berbagai nara sumber, telaah, analisa dan penyusunan
landasan - landasan teoritis (konseptual) bagi tahap perancangan serta gambar - gambar
rancangan.
Selama proses hingga selesainya laporan ini, penulis tidak terlepas dari
berbagai pihak yang turut andil dalam menyukseskannya. Oleh sebab itu, pada
kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya
kepada :



Ibu Wahyuni Zahrah, ST, MS yang telah membimbing dan memberikan saran yang
sangat berguna bagi saya di awal Tugas Akhir.
Bapak Prof. Ir. M. Nawawiy Loebis, M.Phil, Ph.D selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang
telah memberikan bimbingan dan arahan yang sangat berguna, serta motivasi yang



sangat berarti.
Bapak Devin Defriza, ST, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang memberikan saran



yang sangat berguna dan menjadi teman di saat kesulitan.



Bapak Ir. Rudolf Sitorus MLA Sebagai Sekretaris Jurusan Arsitektur USU.



masukan, saran, dan kritik.



dan kritikan yang sangat membantu.



Semester B TA. 2012/2013.



semua kritik dan sarannya selama asistensi.



Bapak Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, MT Sebagai Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur USU.

Bapak Ir. Novrial, M.Eng selaku Dosen Penguji I yang telah banyak memberikan

Ibu Andalucia, ST, M.Sc selaku Dosen Penguji II yang telah memberikan arahan

Ibu Ir. Basaria Talarosha MT Sebagai Ketua Koordinator Studio Tugas Akhir

Seluruh Staf pengajar Bapak Ibu Dosen Arsitektur Universitas Sumatera Utara atas

Seluruh staf pegawai baik di lingkungan Arsitektur maupun Fakultas Teknik USU,

terutama untuk Kak Dewi dan Kak Ayu.

INDRA KESUMA – 090406031

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

TUGAS AKHIR (TKA – 490)

MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM

Orang Tua saya, Ibu Hj. Rostina, ST dan Bapak Abdriyanto, ST, Abang Dana, Kak
dede, dan Heri serta semua keluarga yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu.



Terima Kasih atas do’a dan dukungannya selama ini.
Terima Kasih untuk Yuuraa, seorang

yang sangat berarti, yang selalu

mengingatkan di saat lupa, yang selalu membantu di kala susah, memarahi dan
mengkritik di saat salah, dan yang selalu ada di setiap saat. Terima kasih banyak



untuk Yuura.
Teman-teman

arsitektur

09,

terimakasih

atas

dukungan

dan

semangat,

kebersamaan dan suka duka selama kuliah di Arsitektur USU.
Teman-teman satu kelompok Hafis, Adib, Lili, Novy, Nisa, Fitri, Dini, Yuyun, dan
Sarah. Terimakasih atas semangat, kebersamaan dan suka duka yang kita lewati



bersama dari awal hingga akhir.
Abang dan kakak senior, terutama bang Imam

dan bang Raha yang telah

memberikan semangat dan masukan serta adik-adik stambuk 2010,2011, dan 2012.
Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh sebab
itu, kritik dan saran yang sifatnya membangun sangat diharapkan untuk kelengkapan dan
terwujudnya kesempurnaan sebagaimana dimaksud.
Akhir kata, Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun demi
kesempurnaan penulisan laporan ini. Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita
semua khususnya di lingkungan Departemen Arsitektur USU.

Hormat Penulis

Indra Kesuma

INDRA KESUMA – 090406031

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MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK AKHIR (SHP2A) ······························ i
KATA PENGANTAR ··········································································· ii
DAFTAR ISI ····················································································· iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ············································································ v
DAFTAR TABEL ················································································ ix
ABSTRAK ························································································ x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ······································································· 1
1.1.

Latar Belakang ········································································ 1

1.2.

Maksud dan Tujuan ·································································· 3

1.3.

Perumusan Masalah ································································· 3

1.4.

Metode Pendekatan ································································· 3

1.5.

Lingkup dan Batasan Proyek ······················································ 4

1.6.

Asumsi ·················································································· 4

1.7.

Kerangka Berfikir ····································································· 5

1.8.

Sistematika Penulisan Laporan ··················································· 6

BAB II DESKRIPSI PROYEK································································ 7
2.1.

Tinjauan Umum ······································································· 7

2.2.

Deskripsi Singkat Proyek ··························································· 7
2.2.1 Terminologi Judul ····························································· 7
2.2.2 Pengertian Proyek ···························································· 7

2.3.

Jenis – Jenis Masjid·································································· 9

2.4.

Persyaratan Ruang dan Kriteria Masjid ········································· 9
2.4.1 Klasifikasi Masjid ······························································ 9
2.4.2 Persyaratan Ruang Masjid ·················································· 10
2.4.3 Pedoman Penyediaan Lahan Sarana Peribadatan ··················· 10
2.4.4 Tipologi Masjid ································································· 10

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2.5.

MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM

Fungsi dan Peranan Masjid ························································ 11
2.5.1 Sebagai Pusat Ibadah ······················································· 12
2.5.2 Sebagai Pembinaan Umat ·················································· 12

2.6.

Pendekatan Pemilihan Lokasi ····················································· 13
2.6.1 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ···················································· 13
2.6.2 Alternatif Lokasi Tapak ······················································ 15

2.7.

Jenis Keegiatan di Masjid ·························································· 18

2.8.

Studi Banding Judul Sejenis ······················································· 21
2.8.1 Masjid Agung Al – Fateh, Manama, Bahrain ··························· 21
2.8.2 Masjid Shah Faisal Islamabad, Pakistan ································ 23
2.8.3 Masjid Imam Isfahan, Iran··················································· 25
2.8.4 Masjid Al Hurriyah, Bogor (Institut Pertanian Bogor) ················· 29
2.8.5 Masjid Raya Pondok Indah Jakarta ······································· 31

BAB III ELABORASI TEMA ·································································· 33
3.1

Pengertian Tema ····································································· 33

3.2

Latar Belakang Pemilihan Tema ·················································· 34

3.3

Interpretasi Tema ····································································· 35
3.3.1

Sejarah Arsitektur Islam ··················································· 35

3.3.2

Kaidah Arsitektur Islam ···················································· 36

3.3.3

Perencanaan Arsitektur Islam ············································ 36

3.4

Keterkaitan Tema dengan Judul ·················································· 37

3.5

Kesimpulan ············································································· 37

3.6

Studi Banding Tema Sejenis ······················································· 38
3.6.1 Masjid Agung Al – Fateh, Manama, Bahrain···························· 38
3.6.2 Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed, Uni Emirat Arab ························· 44
3.6.3 Masjid Agung Roma – Italia················································· 54

BAB IV ANALISA ··············································································· 60
4.1

Analisa Fisik/Analisa Tapak dan Bangunan ···································· 60
4.1.1 Analisa Lokasi Tapak ························································· 60
4.1.2 Analisa Tata Guna Lahan ··················································· 62
4.1.2.1 Kondisi Eksisting Sekitar ·············································· 62
4.1.2.2 Ukuran Site ······························································· 65
4.1.2.3 Batas-batas Sekitar Site ·············································· 66

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MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM

4.1.3 Analisa Sirkulasi ······························································· 67
4.1.3.1 Sirkulasi Kendaraan ···················································· 67
4.1.3.2 Sirkulasi Pejalan Kaki ·················································· 69
4.1.3.3 Analisa Pencapaian ···················································· 70
4.1.4 Analisa Matahari dan Vegetasi············································· 71
4.1.5 Analisa Kebisingan···························································· 72
4.1.6 Analisa View ···································································· 73
4.1.6.1 View Keluar ······························································· 74

4.1.6.2 View Kedalam···························································· 75
4.2

Analisa Non Fisik/Fungsional ······················································ 77
4.2.1 Analisa Pengguna ····························································· 77
4.2.2 Analisa Kegiatan······························································· 78
4.2.3 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ·················································· 78
4.2.4 Program Ruang ································································ 81
4.2.5 Analisa Bangunan ····························································· 87
4.2.6 Analisa Teknologi ····························································· 90

BABV KONSEP ················································································· 96
5.1

Vegetasi ················································································· 96

5.2

Akustik ··················································································· 96

5.3

Kebisingan ············································································· 97

5.4

Perencanaan Tapak ································································· 97

5.5

5.4.1

Zoning Ruang Luar ························································· 97

5.4.2

Perletakan Massa Bangunan ············································· 98

5.4.3

Filosofi Shalat dalam Site ················································· 98

5.4.4

Konsep Sirkulasi di Dalam Site ·········································· 100

Konsep Perencangan Bangunan ················································· 100
5.5.1

Konsep Massa ······························································· 101

5.5.2

Bentukan Denah····························································· 102

5.5.3

Interior ········································································· 103

5.6

Konsep Struktur Bangunan ························································· 103

5.7

Konsep Perancangan Utilitas Bangunan ········································ 104
5.7.1

Konsep Sistem Air Bersih ················································· 104

5.7.2

Konsep Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah ······························· 104

5.7.3

Konsep Sistem Pencahayaan ············································ 104

5.7.4

Konsep Sistem Penataan Suara ········································ 104

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MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM

5.7.5

Konsep Sistem Transportasi Vertikal ··································· 105

5.7.6

Konsep Keamanan Bangunan ··········································· 105

BAB VI HASIL RANCANGAN ······························································· 106
6.1.

Site Plan ················································································ 106

6.2.

Ground Plan ··········································································· 107

6.3.

Denah Lantai 1 ········································································ 108

6.4.

Denah Lantai 2 ········································································ 109

6.5.

Tampak ················································································· 110

6.6.

Potongan ··············································································· 112

6.7.

Menara ·················································································· 113

6.8.

Rencana Pondasi ····································································· 114

6.9.

Rencana Pembalokan ······························································· 115

6.10. Perspektif ··············································································· 117
Daftar Pustaka ·················································································· 120
LAMPIRAN HASIL PERANCANGAN

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MASJID RAYA JOHOR – ARSITEKTUR ISLAM
DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Elemen Utama Masjid ······················································· 11
Gambar 2.2. Kondisi Eksisting Alternatif A ··············································· 16
Gambar 2.3. Kondisi Eksisting Alternatif B ··············································· 16
Gambar 2.4. Masjid Agung Al-Fateh, Manama ········································· 22
Gambar 2.5. Area Sahn Masjid Agung Al-Fateh, Manama··························· 23
Gambar 2.6. Tampak depan Masjid Shah Faisal ······································· 23
Gambar 2.7. Masjid Shah Faisal ··························································· 24
Gambar 2.8. Interior Masjid Shah Faisal ················································· 25
Gambar 2.9. Masjid Imam Isfahan ························································· 25
Gambar 2.10 Denah Masjid Imam Isfahan ··············································· 26
Gambar 2.11 Detail Gerbang Masjid Imam Isfahan ···································· 27
Gambar 2.12 Detail kolom Masjid Imam Isfahan ······································· 27
Gambar 2.13 Kubah masjid yang dilapisi keramik ····································· 28
Gambar 2.14 Gerbang depan yang seluruhnya dilapisi keramik ··················· 28
Gambar 2. 15 Masjid Al Hurriyah, Bogor (Institut Pertanian Bogor)················ 29
Gambar 2. 16 Aksonometri Masjid Al Hurriyah ········································· 30
Gambar 2. 17 Interior Masjid Al Hurriyah ················································· 30
Gambar 2.18 Masjid Raya Pondok Indah ··············································· 32
Gambar 2. 19 Potongan Masjid Raya Pondok Indah ·································· 32
Gambar 3.1. Masjid Agung Al-Fateh, Manama ········································· 38
Gambar 3.2. Area Sahn Masjid Agung Al-Fateh, Manama··························· 38
Gambar 3.3. Ornamen indah di dalam kubah masjid Agung Al-Fateh, Manama, kaligrafi
Kufi di ukir melingkar pada cincin dalam kubah ········································ 40
Gambar 3.4. Interior ruang utama masjid Agung Al-Fateh dengan lampu gantung
utamanya ························································································· 41
Gambar 3.5. Mimbar Masjid Agung Al-Fateh ············································ 41
Gambar 3.6. Salah satu sudut Sahn di Masjid Agung Al-Fateh ····················· 42

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Gambar 3.7. Ornament dalam kubah Masjid Agung Al-Fateh ······················· 43

Gambar 3.8. Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed················································ 43
Gambar 3.9. Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed dari arah pelataran tengah (inner courtyard)
siang, sore dan malam hari ·································································· 45
Gambar 3.10. Letak bangunan berada di tengah gurun pasir pasir ················ 46
Gambar 3.11. Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed Saat dalam proses penyelesaian akhir
······································································································ 47
Gambar 3.12. Interior Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed ···································· 47
Gambar 3.13. Sisi mihrab Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed Abu Dhabi - Uni Emirat Arab
······································································································ 49
Gambar 3.14. Rangkaian motif flora dinding dalam masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed
······································································································ 49
Gambar 3.15. Lampu gantung di Masjid Sheikh Zayed ······························· 50
Gambar 3.16. Keindahan pelatarang tengah masjid Sheikh Zayed ················ 51
Gambar 3.17. Gambar 3.17. Refleksi yang indah di fasad masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed
······································································································ 51
Gambar 3.18. Bangunan utama masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed di malam hari ···· 52
Gambar 3.19. Exterior Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed ··································· 52
Gambar 3.20. Keindahan Interior Masjid Sheikh Zayed di ruang utama ·········· 53
Gambar 3.21. Arcade Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed dengan refleksi di permukaan kolam
sekeliling masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed ···················································· 53
Gambar 3.22. Rangkaian kubah kubah super besar Masjid Agung Sheikh Zayed
······································································································ 54
Gambar 3.23. Masjid Agung Roma dari Udara·········································· 54
Gambar 3.24. Interior Masjid Agung Roma ·············································· 55
Gambar 3.25. Kubah utama Masjid Agung Roma ······································ 56
Gambar 3.26. Sistem pencahayaan alami di dalam masjid agung ················· 57
Gambar 3.27. Interior Masjid Agung Roma – Italia····································· 58
Gambar 3.28. Simbolik pepohonan dengan rangkaian batang dan ranting benar benar
tercermin dalam interior Masjid Agung Roma ··········································· 58
Gambar 3.29. Rangkaian interior di bawah kubah utama Masjid Agung Roma · 59

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Gambar 3.30. Bentuk atas pilar di masjid Agung Roma sebagai simbolisasi tangan hamda
Allah yang sedang menengadah ··························································· 59
Gambar 4.1 Peta Lokasi Site ································································ 60
Gambar 4.2 Kondisi Eksisting Lokasi Proyek ··········································· 62
Gambar 4.3 Kondisi Eksisting Lokasi Proyek ··········································· 62
Gambar 4.4 Tata Guna Lahan Sekitar Site ·············································· 63
Gambar 4.5 Kondisi Eksisting Sekitar Site ··············································· 64
Gambar 4.6 Ilustrasi Kondisi Eksisting Sekitar Site ···································· 64
Gambar 4.7 Ukuran Site ······································································ 65
Gambar 4.8 Batas-Batas Sekitar Site ····················································· 66
Gambar 4.9 Analisa Sirkulasi Kendaraan Sekitar Site ································ 67
Gambar 4.10 Permasalahan Sirkulasi Kendaraan ····································· 68
Gambar 4.11 Analisa Sirkulasi Pejalan Kaki Sekitar Site ····························· 69
Gambar 4.12 Kondisi Pedestrian pada Jl. Karya Wisata ····························· 69
Gambar 4.13 Kondisi Pedestrian pada Jl. Karya Asih ································· 69
Gambar 4.14 Analisa Pencapaian ························································· 70
Gambar 4.15 Analisa Matahari dan Vegetasi ··········································· 71
Gambar 4.16 Analisa Kebisingan ·························································· 72
Gambar 4.17 Analisa View Keluar ························································· 74
Gambar 4.18 Analisa View Kedalam ······················································ 75
Gambar 5.1 Konsep Vegetasi ······························································· 96
Gambar 5.2 Konsep Kebisingan ···························································· 97
Gambar 5.3 Konsep Ruang Luar ··························································· 98
Gambar 5.4 Konsep Massa Bangunan ··················································· 99
Gambar 5.5 Konsep Filosofi Shalat ························································ 99
Gambar 5.6 Konsep Sirkulasi ······························································· 100
Gambar 5.7. Bentuk Denah ·································································· 102
Gambar 5.8. Ornamen Arabesque ························································· 103

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Gambar 5.9. Kaligrafi Al – Qur’an ·························································· 103
Gambar 5.10. Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah ········································· 104

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Kerangka Berfikir ·································································· 5
Tabel 2.1. Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ······················································· 13
Tabel 2.2. Sub Pusat Pelayanan Kota Medan ·········································· 14
Tabel 2.3. Penilaian Site······································································ 17
Tabel 2.4. Kelompok Kegiatan dan Ruang Utama ····································· 19
Tabel 2.5. Kelompok Kegiatan fasilitas pendukung dan pemberdayaan umat ·· 20
Tabel 2.6. Perbandingan Pendidikan Laki-laki dan Perempuan di Sumatera Utara 23
Tabel 2.7. Kelompok Kegiatan dan Ruang ··············································· 32
Tabel 4.1 Kepadatan Pendudukan Kecamatan Johor ································· 80
Tabel 4.2 Program Ruang – Ruang Utama ·············································· 81
Tabel 4.3 Program Ruang – Ruang Pengelola ·········································· 81
Tabel 4.4. Program Ruang – Perpustakaan ············································· 82
Tabel 4.5. Program Ruang – Baziz ························································ 83
Tabel 4.6. Program Ruang – Tempat Pendidikan Al – Qur’an (TPA) ·············· 83
Tabel 4.7. Program Ruang – UKM Syariah ·············································· 84
Tabel 4.8. Program Ruang – Poliklinik ···················································· 84
Tabel 4.9. Program Ruang – Gedung Serba Guna ···································· 84
Tabel 4.10. Program Ruang – Ruang Mekanikal & Elektrikal (ME) ················ 85
Tabel 4.11. Rekapitulasi Luasan Bangunan ············································· 86
Tabel 4.12. Analisa Bentuk Bangunan ···················································· 88
Tabel 4.13. Analisa Sirkulasi di Dalam Site ·············································· 89
Tabel 4.14. Analisa Pondasi ································································· 91

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