Pengaruh Komposisi Lembaran Anoda LTO (Li4Ti5O12) Terhadap Performa Sel Baterai Ion Lithium

LAMPIRAN A

Perhitungan Komposisi Bahan

Variasi komposisi yaitu, LTO : PVDF : Super-P.

1.

Untuk satu variasi

Komposisi bahan awal yang digunakan 85:10:5 dengan massa LTO 2 gr.

Massa LTO = 2gr

Massa PVDF =

. 2 gr = 0,24 gr

Massa Super-P =

. 2 gr = 0,12 gr

Massa DMAC = 15 . massa PVDF = 15 . 0.24 = 3,6 gr

Massa jenis DMAC = 1 gr/ml, sehingga konversi DMAC dalam satuan volume

adalah 3,6 ml.

2.

Untuk membuat 4 lembaran anoda dengan variasi komposisi yang

berbeda.

Massa PVDF = 0,24 gr . 4 = 0,96 gr

Massa Super-P = 0,12 gr . 4 = 0,48 gr

Massa DMAC = 3,6 ml . 4 = 14,4 ml

Setelah ketiga bahan dicampur kemudian dibagi 4, dan dicampurkan dengan

serbuk LTO dengan massa 1,2 gr, 2 gr dan 3 gr.

Perbanding komposisi sebagai berikut:

1,2 gr : 0,24 gr : 0,12 gr

2 gr : 0,24 gr : 0,12 gr

3 gr : 0,24 gr : 0,12 gr

Perbandingan persentase yang diperoleh yaitu:

1)

Untuk komposisi pertama

Persentase LTO =

. 100% = 77 %

Persentase PVDF =

. 100% = 15 %

Persentase Super-P =

. 100% = 8 %

Sehingga perbandingan komposisi yang didapat yaitu, 77:15:8 %wt.

2)

Untuk komposisi kedua

Persentase LTO =

. 100% = 85 %

Persentase PVDF =

. 100% = 10 %

Persentase Super-P =

. 100% = 5 %

Sehingga perbandingan komposisi yang didapat yaitu, 85:10:5 %wt.

3)

Untuk komposisi ketiga

Persentase LTO =

. 100% = 90 %

Persentase PVDF =

. 100% = 7 %

Persentase Super-P =

. 100% = 3 %

LAMPIRAN B

1.

Gambar Bahan

Serbuk PVDF

Serbuk LTO

Copper foil

Aseton

LiPF

6

Separator

2.

Gambar Peralatan Penelitian

Cawan

Spatula

Penjepit

Pipet Tetes

Magnetic Stirrer

Hot Plate

Cruicible

Holder

Multimeter, Kabel Penghubung dan

Penjepit Buaya

Calendering

Glove Box

Alat Uji FTIR

LAMPIRAN C

Persentase Data EDS

Sampel A, LTO 1,2 gr

SP 1

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 18.20 0.08411 0.8145 11.33 0.13 18.24 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 48.20 0.17299 0.4569 53.49 0.21 64.67 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 1.15 0.00885 0.1266 4.60 0.19 4.68 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.46 0.00339 0.7222 0.32 0.02 0.23 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 50.70 0.50704 0.8632 29.78 0.14 12.03 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.75 0.00754 0.7958 0.48 0.04 0.15 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 2

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 64.09 0.29622 1.0334 49.33 0.23 69.41 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 3.01 0.01082 0.2858 8.38 0.26 8.85 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 2.91 0.02244 0.1820 12.74 0.20 11.33 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.12 0.00092 0.7972 0.12 0.02 0.08 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 30.93 0.30932 0.8556 28.75 0.15 10.15 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.67 0.00673 0.7841 0.68 0.05 0.18 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 3

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 3

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 14.03 0.06484 0.8004 9.22 0.13 15.04 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 48.30 0.17336 0.4679 54.28 0.21 66.50 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 1.35 0.0104 0.1267 5.60 0.20 5.78 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.38 0.00277 0.7165 0.28 0.02 0.20 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.82 0.00815 0.7977 0.54 0.04 0.17 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy )

Sampel B, LTO 2 gr

SP 1

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 75.94 0.35101 0.9021 27.38 0.13 39.33 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 54.74 0.19646 0.4412 40.36 0.17 43.52 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 4.59 0.03536 0.1487 10.04 0.16 9.11 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00369 0.7511 0.22 0.01 0.14 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 56.71 0.56711 0.8472 21.77 0.09 7.84 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.57 0.00568 0.7822 0.24 0.03 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 5

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 2

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 68.04 0.31451 0.9254 32.70 0.17 50.30 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 16.89 0.06061 0.3148 23.85 0.24 27.54 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 3.12 0.02403 0.1520 9.12 0.16 8.87 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.39 0.00286 0.7654 0.23 0.01 0.15 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 65.81 0.65813 0.8665 33.77 0.14 13.03 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.59 0.00594 0.7942 0.33 0.04 0.10 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 3

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 33.37 0.15422 0.8347 14.63 0.12 22.65 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 67.79 0.2433 0.4765 52.08 0.18 60.53 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 2.33 0.01792 0.1313 6.49 0.17 6.35 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00368 0.7281 0.25 0.01 0.17 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 61.65 0.61646 0.8567 26.34 0.11 10.23 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.47 0.00473 0.7908 0.22 0.03 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 4

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 16.07 0.07427 0.8008 7.88 0.11 12.97 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 66.75 0.23959 0.4660 56.27 0.18 69.51 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 1.33 0.01025 0.1234 4.23 0.17 4.40 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.58 0.00426 0.7172 0.32 0.02 0.23 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.52 0.00517 0.7980 0.25 0.03 0.08 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy )

Sampel C, LTO 3 gr

SP 1

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 11.75 0.05432 0.7986 6.65 0.11 11.40 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 50.94 0.18283 0.4206 54.73 0.19 70.43 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 0.60 0.00465 0.1201 2.27 0.16 2.46 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00371 0.7175 0.32 0.02 0.24 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 69.22 0.69219 0.8734 35.81 0.15 15.39 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.39 0.00392 0.8031 0.22 0.04 0.07 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 2

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 63.01 0.29124 0.9423 33.84 0.18 52.57 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 13.26 0.04761 0.2973 22.58 0.25 26.33 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 2.01 0.01552 0.1482 6.88 0.16 6.75 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.36 0.00265 0.7715 0.24 0.02 0.16 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 62.27 0.62274 0.8691 36.26 0.16 14.12 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.32 0.00323 0.7952 0.21 0.04 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 3

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 140.64 0.65007 1.0902 53.74 0.18 70.28 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 8.35 0.02997 0.3176 10.95 0.20 10.75 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 6.91 0.05322 0.1946 14.78 0.15 12.22 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.24 0.00176 0.8092 0.12 0.01 0.07 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 40.83 0.40827 0.8397 20.25 0.09 6.64 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.31 0.00313 0.7723 0.17 0.03 0.04 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.82 0.00815 0.7977 0.54 0.04 0.17 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy )

Sampel B, LTO 2 gr

SP 1

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 75.94 0.35101 0.9021 27.38 0.13 39.33 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 54.74 0.19646 0.4412 40.36 0.17 43.52 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 4.59 0.03536 0.1487 10.04 0.16 9.11 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00369 0.7511 0.22 0.01 0.14 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 56.71 0.56711 0.8472 21.77 0.09 7.84 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.57 0.00568 0.7822 0.24 0.03 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 5

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 2

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 68.04 0.31451 0.9254 32.70 0.17 50.30 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 16.89 0.06061 0.3148 23.85 0.24 27.54 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 3.12 0.02403 0.1520 9.12 0.16 8.87 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.39 0.00286 0.7654 0.23 0.01 0.15 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 65.81 0.65813 0.8665 33.77 0.14 13.03 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.59 0.00594 0.7942 0.33 0.04 0.10 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 3

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 33.37 0.15422 0.8347 14.63 0.12 22.65 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 67.79 0.2433 0.4765 52.08 0.18 60.53 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 2.33 0.01792 0.1313 6.49 0.17 6.35 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00368 0.7281 0.25 0.01 0.17 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 61.65 0.61646 0.8567 26.34 0.11 10.23 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.47 0.00473 0.7908 0.22 0.03 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 4

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 16.07 0.07427 0.8008 7.88 0.11 12.97 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 66.75 0.23959 0.4660 56.27 0.18 69.51 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 1.33 0.01025 0.1234 4.23 0.17 4.40 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.58 0.00426 0.7172 0.32 0.02 0.23 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.52 0.00517 0.7980 0.25 0.03 0.08 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy )

Sampel C, LTO 3 gr

SP 1

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 11.75 0.05432 0.7986 6.65 0.11 11.40 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 50.94 0.18283 0.4206 54.73 0.19 70.43 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 0.60 0.00465 0.1201 2.27 0.16 2.46 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.50 0.00371 0.7175 0.32 0.02 0.24 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 69.22 0.69219 0.8734 35.81 0.15 15.39 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.39 0.00392 0.8031 0.22 0.04 0.07 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 6

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 2

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 63.01 0.29124 0.9423 33.84 0.18 52.57 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 13.26 0.04761 0.2973 22.58 0.25 26.33 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 2.01 0.01552 0.1482 6.88 0.16 6.75 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.36 0.00265 0.7715 0.24 0.02 0.16 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 62.27 0.62274 0.8691 36.26 0.16 14.12 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.32 0.00323 0.7952 0.21 0.04 0.06 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated

Detector efficiency : Read from file ( X-Max 6.efy ) SP 3

Element Line App. Conc k ratio Intensity corrn. Weight% Weight% sigma Atomic% Standard

C K_SERIES 140.64 0.65007 1.0902 53.74 0.18 70.28 CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

O K_SERIES 8.35 0.02997 0.3176 10.95 0.20 10.75 SiO2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

F K_SERIES 6.91 0.05322 0.1946 14.78 0.15 12.22 MgF2 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Al K_SERIES 0.24 0.00176 0.8092 0.12 0.01 0.07 Al2O3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Ti K_SERIES 40.83 0.40827 0.8397 20.25 0.09 6.64 Ti 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu K_SERIES 0.31 0.00313 0.7723 0.17 0.03 0.04 Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Totals 100.00

Processing option : All elements analyzed (Normalised) Number of iterations : 4

Sample is unpolished X-ray corrections may be approximate. Sample is uncoated