The study of character's downfall in Tennessee Williams' play "Summer and Smoke" - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION

c[IAPm, v

crotrclruslor

5.1

Surrery
This

study

entitled

discusses

suruner and

perspective

for

points

analyzing

of

one of

smoke.

Tennessee WIIIiams,

The sriter

uses

her methodol0gy and Barnet,

character

as

her

play

phenomenol.gy

Berman and Bruto

steps

guidance

to

analyze the play systematicalLy.
To ansner the

chapter,

the writer

probrem statement

first

concrudes that

face her dounfalr.

his

and

character,
insanlty
result

in

Sur ner

Alma Winemiller,
betueen

mentar

of the lonellness

become the

dominant

should

have realized

decent

man.

disrespect

He

is

his

abandon child,

own character.

in many of

presents

his

dealing

nith

as

weaknesses.
considered

be
a

rebellious

is in a great contrast

Arma's efforts

rlohn

the

Lust and Love hanre

characters,

,John cannot

son, a person that

previous

disturbances

of rove's victim.

that
an

1ou witality

physlcar

and

of

Like

Smoke t{illiams
with

the

Alma, s rove tosards

has indeed caused her to
uorks,

in

and struggles

Alma
as

a

and

rrlth her

to win the

10ve

of the man she loves,

make her undergo a character, s changes

vhlch

cannot

unfortunatery

'53

lead

her

to

a

better

rife

perception
her

but on the contrary
In

dosnfaff.

her

it

finally

failure

and

leads her to

unable

Alma then at the end suffers

frustration,

to

face

face

the

a mental. breakdorm

or face her dorrnfall.

related
uriter

question

second

From the

to the main character
also

of

the
and

character

and her

preacher's

society.

reputation

daughter

and society

Willlams

by

her

conununication

is

raised

always

has alvays

in

in

been a moral

main

the

play

the

rectory

the

also

environmentr

the

on

line.

of

depression,
herself
torn

a

preacher's

AIma's

sife

creates

from her parents'

betueen aspirations

but then her position

she

her

in

oun

condition.
of the
front

has

a

Being

a

burden for

soul

Iife

g lve

carping

vhile

soclety,

AIma much chance

characters

life

frustrated

vith

style
her

to

be

and
parents

64

carry.
style

Inside

herself

of the society

the

sith

In
to

Alma

her

escape
AIma is

and hungers of the body

her much chance to choose make her feels
by the

to

is

nith

to bear, not to mention her mother's breakdosn condition
duties

the

creates the

between

AIma's character

and shaped by being

uhose

father

play,

trapped

of

lack

statement

the other characters,

In this

character

loneliness

influenced

nith

problem

the

ALma's parents

concludes that

take part in her dosnfall.
pI1ght

of

constantly

soclety

accepted
perceptlon.
condition

does not give

itself
rrith

all

Finally,
and

the

monitored
does not
of

her
being

society

rejection

cause Alma to

helplessly

into

the

The uriter
and

Smoke,

can

h arre

strong

feeling

resurt-

anaryzing

is

feeling

her

soul

hlilliams,

Alma,s

Although

difflcurt
loglcal

endure suffering

to

should not nair

over it

it

Sununer
of

character
it

his

natural

a sensrtive

deal nith,

since

1t

one should.be

from the
ni11

rejected
cause

10ve

a

tatar

to oDe,s tife.

can arso darken one,s

but shoutd abre to

the

in

is

rove is

thinklng,

and disappolntment

up, but

wanders

interpretation

Love surery can give a great influence

can brighten

but

play,

as a human being,

more than

and abre to

unLess her

better

1n life.

and sometlmes it

imrolves

maintain

a stranger.

learns that

face rove falrure

matter

rt

arms of

message by

nork- The nriter
to

to

reckons by analyzing

she

pralmright's

fail

life.

survive

one

and go on

with the Iife.

5.2

Suggcrtiot
Based on

characters
nriter

the

on

for

sho would like
suggested

that

the

analysis
Sumer

and

of

the

maln

Smoke,

the

to give tso suggestions.
the

students of

English

to analyze a play on thelr
they

reason uhy Williams,
Williams,

of

Tennessee Williams,

sould like
First,

ftndl.ngs

as one of

analyze
work is
the

language department
thesis topic,

Tennessee W i l l i a n s '
rrorthy

to

analyze

work.
is

modern American p l a l m r i g h t ,

65

it

is
The

because
in

his

work

likes

to

talk

about

the

nho cannot stand uith

characters

analyzing WiLliams'
can increase

literary

a better
the

one's

one can also

fallure,

of

the cruelty

uork,

literary

improvement of

failure

fragile

of the vorld.

fellorr

students

appreciation

language in

his

literature,

not

By
only

and vocabulary
but

by learning

be arrare and avoid

such tragedy

to happen in his or her orrn life.
Secondly,
neurotic

besides

character.

likes

to

Williams

talk

also

about

likes

to

a sensitive

and

use slmbolism in

his play. According to FaIk (19?8:161), in his sork Williams
often
seen

uses symbolism as an experimental
in

plays

his

such

Surmne
r and Smoke, the
Menagerie,
the

bird

imagery

in

nork,

although

angles.

Last

believes

Therefore,

it

is

work

in the

analysis

in

further
the

can be

anatomy in
The G1ass

Car Named Desired,

Sunmrer and many in

that

the

It

in

in

topic

analyzing

suggested for

study

English

1n order

his

literary

can be vieved

to take symbolj.sn in Tennessee Williams'

of the chosen toplc
literary

Suddenly

and

ornaments

in A Street

same play,

the

fountain

glass

little

The yriter

pIays.

students

the

Blanche character

other

different

asi

devices.

from

the

fellou

play

as one

to

Department of

enrich
Widya

Mandala.
Finally
as perfect
nill

the uriter
as expected.

be beneficial

realizes

that

this

Horrever, she really

to her fellos

6

students.

study might not be
hopes this

study

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBI,IOCR.IPMf

Ann as ,

Pamela

J.;

Robert

C.

Rosen,

Literature

and

poetr
Soclety:
An Introduction
to Fictlon,
p
r
e
n
t
i
c
e
Drama, Nonfiction,
New Jersey:
HaIl,
Engleuood Cliffs,
1990
Bain,

Barnet,

CarI E.;
Jerome Beatyt
.1 .
Paul Hunter,
The
I ' l or t o n I n t r o d u c t i o n
to Lite rature,
Nerr York:
W.W. Norton and Company, Inc
t977 .
Sylvani

Morton

Berman

wiIli

and

Literature
for
Composit ion :
Poetry
and Drama, fllinois:
and Company, Inc.,
1988.

Walter,'
.lohn Gerber,
Introductlon
Stories,
Drama and Poetry,
Illinois:
Foresman and Company, Inc.,
1959.

Bennet,

R o b er t
Literature,
C.W.E.,

Modern

Amerlcan

Cambridge

James

T.,

and

F aI k,

Slgni
L. ,
Publishers,

The

Nerr
Co.,

Robert

Dramatic

York:

1984
Harper

Rei 1ly,

J.

EmiI
and

Guide to
Dickinson
to
Noble
Books
W.W Norton

World of
Tennessee
Frederick
U n ga r

1964

Tennessee Wi I1 i atls,
Inc.,
1978

Gassner, John, Best American
York: Croun Publj.sher,
Goldstone,
Richard,
Mc . Graw-Hi1l,

Short
Scott,

1945-1990

york:

Neu

Anthony, Modern Drama, Nev york:
and Company, Inc.,
L966.

Donahue,
Francis,
Wil1iams,
Publishing

to

pres s,

Fiction,
1992.

American
Literature
from
the
Present,
Barnes
Publisher,
1977.
Caputi,

Drama:

University

Burrosay,
Janet,
Writing
ColIins
Publishers,
Callow,

Eoresman

Verda
Evans.
Types
of
Ginn and Company, 1964,

A.
and
Boston:

Cambridge:

B ur t o ,

Fiction

Scott.

BIair,

Blgsby,

am

Essavs

plays
Inc. ,

Context
of the
Inc. , 1968.

67

Boston:

Tuayne

(1945-1951),
1952.
Drama,

l{es

Nev
York:

Hat len,

Theodore w.,
Drama Princi
Neu York: Meredith
PubI ishing

Kennedy,

X. J.,

CoIIins

Literature:
Pub.,

Company, 1967

An
Int roduct ion
to
Dr a m a , N e u Y o r k :
H ar p e r

1979.

Knickerbocker,
K. L.
and
H.
Willard
Interpreting
Literature,
Nev
Rinehart and Winston, 1960
Little,

c raham,
Introduction
Hethod
in
Sc ience

Reninger,
York:
HoIt

to
Llterature:
An
to Critical
Study of Content and
Writ ing ,
ttarrickvil
le,
tt. S.w.:

Press,

!966

Natadihardj a,
6race
Lilyanti,
A
Thesis:
Failure
On Being Morally
Idealist
and Smoke, Petra University,
19S5.
Parrish,

Paul

A,,

Literature,
Inc.

I

Celebrat

Cambridge:

ion

A1ma,s

Sunrner

fnt roduct

ion

to

publishers,

Winthrop

L977 .

Perrine,
Laurence,
Story
and Structure,
Neu
Harcourt,
Brace and World, Inc.,
19GG.

York:

Potte r

James L.,
Elements of Lite rature,
The Odyssey Press, fnc. , t967 .

Robert,

Edgar V.,
and
Engleuood CI iffs,
fnc.,
1989.

Robert,

E d ga r V . , a n d H e n r y E . . l a c o b s ,
Literature,
Englewood Cliffs,
Nev .Jersey: Prentice-Ha11,
Inc.,
1989.

Roby,

Robert
C. i
Barry
Ulanov,
Introduction
to
Drama, Ney York:
MC. Grav-Hi11
Book Company,
Inc.,
1952.

Ner, York:

Henry E.
Jacobs,
Fiction,
prenti;;=ffi,
Nerr Jersey:

Schole s, Robertst
Carl
H. Klaus;
Michael
Silwerman.
Elements
of
Literature,
Nerr yo rk:
oxfo rd
pre ss, Inc.,
University
19?8.

Simon

and Schuster,
How
York: Monarch Press,

68

to
Analyze
Inc.,
1966.

F ict

ion,

Nev

Bogdan, Introduction
Methods:
The Search
rJohn-Wiley and sons,

Taylor.

and Robert
Steven J.,
@arch
Nes York:
for Meanings,
1984.

Unger.

A Collection
of
America!! Writers:
Leonard,
Volume
IV,
N e u Y or k :
Biographies
Literary
Sons, L974.
Charles Scrlbner's

Whlte,

An Anthofogy
Me1vin R. and Frank M. Whiting,
to
Theat re ,
Glenvile
Introduction
for
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
1970.
F
o
r
e
s
m
a
n
S
c
o
t
t
IIlinois:

69