PROS Rachel Mediana Untung Organizing System fulltext

OrganizingSystenl.oI Tayubperformance
(CaseStudy in KabupatenGrobogaLn
in Centralfava)
Rachel Mediana Unturrg'
Facultyof Peforming
Arts,SatyaWacana
ChrisrianUniversity,
media,]..J'1tung@sta+Lksw
edu
ABSTRACT
Theain of this studf is tot'ig rc out a managementmodelof Tayubpethtmance which is perfonled i11
Gtobogah,Centfal Jaxa.The rcsearchbackglo nd is Tayubpeformance is stiu prcsemedas a
Jalk ai
campetingwith thodemaft in this modemen. This study is basedon socialag!aru)anthrcpology,s
rna-nagenekt
ptespectiue.
mis stud! was conducted
in a qualifatireresearch
by inteloieuiry seienl
inhtna ts.Theissueis about eaiy management
af ftnctiojlat aspectwhici includespitiLLctiorl

haftagemenL
marketing,hunlanrcsolltces
andJinafice.Socialaryand.anthrapalau'sperclrecti|)e
sees
the
methodalogy
and
htLman's
aspecf
in management.Thiresulfs showedtiit Jour junctians of
frotn
mafiagemefit,have
fiat beenifiplemented
well.yet,Tal/ubperfonnatlce
cotlslillbeperfurmed
successJully.
The rc\e oJdaxcers,k'trawitall graup, guest\eaderc,saufld and light,s operator alZothe hostspirt'otn
its rcle pfofessionall!,111
canclusion,
the studyt'oundlhat a sllccessful

Tayubdnis nat abolt!a fI,od
nanogemmt in il but the people thelnsellieswho dedicatetheir abilities, a goad underctandillg ij1
oietxtatiofi pracessand highly entreprenewial spirit. AcademicaLly,this reseirch aims ta rcaeal how
Tayub'smanagefient
modelis.Prcctically,thisrcsultcanbeusedby the gol)ernment
ta empozaer
sociaeconomics'community life as well as to preserL)e
Ta!l.\b'spert'ormance.
Keryards : Tay b perfarma ce, mdnagementaf prcdlrction, marketiflg, hunan resal.jcesand
finance,
job,prafessianaL,
c1lltractual
a d enbepreneuialspilit.

INTRODUCTION
Tayub performanceor is well-known as tayuban is often showed as an entertairrnent
of family's least in Central Java. Besides forente*ainment, Tayuban is also showed as
thanksgivingritual for haNest crops.From its form, Tayubanis an intimate dancing between
men and women. Usually, the women dancerwill be a central dancerson the stageand they
will invite male audiencetodancetogether.This dancing is accompaniedby gamela4 which

plays Javanesesong'scompositionsung by Silden (Javanese
singer),
This perforrnancedominatesin rural communitiesrather than in a big city. In Java,
tayuban is well-known in Pati, Blor4 Jepar4 SrageryGrobogaryand Wonogiri (Soedarsono,
2002;Dandang Achmad DaIlarL 2005;Sri RochanaWidyastutieningrum,2007).ln the mid of
2013,A huge Tayub Festivalwas held in Purwodadi Grobogar-r
and the participantscameover
fuom various citiesin Central and EastJava.
Tayub is well-known as a dance performance,wt'erc logeddancer (female dancers)
is the main element on the show. Some literature review stated many wotds for the word
'dancer' such as ledek, ronggeng, gambyongan,and gandrung (Soedarsono,2002;Srinthil,
2003;Dandang Ahmad Dahlary 2005).In Grobogan,commonly people say ledek but actually
the word 'lede,t'itselfrefersthem as joged. The joged danceand sing at the sametime on the
stage.The group of gamelaninstluments or karawitan accompaniesthe song (ge,?dirg)which
sung by the dancer itself. The number of dancerscan be three or more and it dependson the
host.The stageis setadrustingthe locationwhere the celebrationwill beheld.lt is usuallyheld

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!CAJ!\S: lntdnatbnl

Conferetcefar Asia Prcif' Arts Sta1i6

in a front of yard's host The host should build temPorarystagesincethe Performanceis held
in the yard.
Lighting and sound systemare well-organizedwith the stage The audiencemostly are
from hosf"sfam"ilies,neighbors,and invited guests.The audienceare welcomedand suggested
nk
to sit around the stage.there is a table neal the audiencewhere we can fueelyeat and d
with food and beverige that havebeenPlovided by the host Commonly food which is served
such as sticky dce, ftesh banana,boiled Peanuts,and othel snacks
depends on the 1ocal"s
that
Be;ides that, it is Possiblethe host can Provide a simple lunch or dinner' The drinks
commonly servedis tea or coffee,and both bottle and plastic cuP mineral water' Somehosts
oreDareb;ers for the audienceswho still want to stay until midnight or even dawn'
The main event in Tayubanpetiormanceis when the Suestsare invited to dancewith
the dancer on the stage.Especiallythe male guestsare welcomed to danceWomen usually
only involve in prepating meals and watching the Perfomance.Tayubanstartsfrom noon to
evening or eveningto midnight ln generaLtayuban startsfrom9 pm r'ntil midniSht'

Thereate many researchon Tayubhasdoneby many exPerts(DandangAhmad Dahlan,
2005,Endang Ruth et al, 2005iAgus Cahyono, 2006;and Sri RochanaWidyastutieningrum,
2007).The researchmostly analyzetayub basedon textual and contextualapProach Previous
researchwas conductedby BenSuhartoin 1999.Eventhough du ng British colonizatior!tayub
is also siated in the literature by cultural researcheras in llistory of Java(ThornasStanford
Raffles,1965)and Lle Religionof laaa (Cllflord Geeru, 1960),A rotgSengbecomesmain role in
a novel titled RonggengDLlkuhP6ruk (Ahmad Tohad, 1982).Sudarsono,as a culture expert
has conductedInany researchrelatedto tayuban as a public art, Thoseprevious studiesstated
that tayub relatesto the history, Iunction symbol genderand alsoproduction.This researchis
conductedto figure out production managementspecificallymodel's managementin ta)"uban
which is perfo.med in Grobogan.
The researchquestion in this researchis what kind of managementmodel that is
applied in Grobogan'stayub pedormance?
METHODS
This study is categotizedas a qualitative researchand this is regardedas a contextual
aspects.Thisstudyisaqualitativeresearchandthisalsousesomeapproaches(multi-disciplinary)
as managementperspective,anthropology,sociology,and performancestudies.Thecollection
of data is a way to collect the necessarydata in this study. It was done severaltechniques
for data collectionas follows: library shrdy, obseNation,interviews, and documentationThe
qualitativedata is collectedftom interyiews,recordings,written document+photographsand

field notes.After the data collectio4 then the data is identified and patterned accordingto
their characte sticsand are related oi connectedto the phenomena.In an analysisof a sociocultural phenomenonneedsa way of thinking rationally arld systematical(Masri
Singarirnbun
and Sofian Eftendi, '1999).The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis
techniques,by describingthe lactswhich are then followedby analysis(NyomanKutha Ratna,
2004).
.
Literature shows that performanceshould be rnanagedby an organization or group
that arrange when and where the show is done (Achsan permas at ai],2003). To organize
perJormanceactivities,it should requiresknowledgemanagementorganization.Management
will assistperforming arts orgadzations to achievegoals effectivelyandefficiently (Achsan
Permas,2003).Basedon this view, art organizationrequiresknowledge of functional aspects
of management,which includes managementoI productiory markeiing human resources
and financial. Production management is one oI functions managemenLin producing a
product. Organizations'products inperlormanceorganizationsis the performanceitself. The
perlormancehave dimension of shape,spaceand time (Haryono, 200t).Dimensionallorm is
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ht"r sc.h4

EploaetaE. rrcah\< 416atu! 8.to4d

a form of pedormance.Dimensional spaceis a context of art when it sho\rs. Dimension of
time is the time or duration of the performance. In ta).ub performances, the dimension form
is a paired dancing where it involves female dancet and the male's audiencethat can dance
together.Dimensional spaceis when performanceis done in the context of the time.Time
dimensionoccuiswhen the dancingtales place.Time is an important aspectina perfotmance.
Aspect of production is how an organizationptepares and implements pefonnance's plan.
Evaluation should be held to evaluatethe implementation.Preparationinvolves people who
are in chargeo{ the event.They should be trained or joined in rehearsaland discussedin a
good meeting coordination.
Marketing management involves the distribution aspect oI tayuban performance.
Tayub performance is usua.lly held by a family which celebratestheir thanksgiving (birthday,
wedding day, and good harvest). This aspect is to know how the organization decides
marketing strategies,markets' targetanddo the promotion. Cteatinga good promotion plan is
a good start to competewith competitors.
Humanresourcesrnanagementshows the structureof the organizationor the division
of people in a performance.Human resourcesis neededto ensurethe capability of people in
organizationto workbased on their capability,
Iinancial aspectsof the organization or financial managementis to make sure the

financialoperationis planned.Through the financialaspectsof the research,it will be described
how to manage resourcesand to use those funds. Through the study, it will be presented
how to obtain {lrndinS sources.What is the funding sourceor the organization of capital to
borrow capital?Use of funds in p nciple be used for operationalactivitiesand lor treasury
organization.
RESULTSAND DISCUSSION
Ploductidn Management
A production of the performancebegan with the initiative of the organizers.The
organizers itself usually a household. Usually the household have a plan for celebrateof
somethin& such as like birthdays, weddings, arld other life cycle events(4qiq4fr-.ircumcision
fot a gitl, khitatuan-circumcisionIor a bo, etc.). The household as a host €ontact the pafties
which they needs.Generally,the partieswhich involves are the dancer (/o8ed),hosting guest
(pangatih tan ), finsic.ar., (penyauit gamelan), and master of ceremony, sound system,
lightin& stage equipment and video shooting. Through their social relation and taste, the host
can choose freely any o{ partnels that they need. Some of the names of the fogedhave already
in their mind before contactthe ioged. The Togedmanager,Dwi in an inteNiew in May 2014
shov/sthat in August 2014the logedhe managehasbeenfullbooked. Mrs. Giantini, the famous
lo3ed ftom Grobogan will perform tayub since the first day of August in the end. Booking the
Jogedcould be done six months before or after. It could possible book the foged at any time
when the foSedis availableat that day. After bookin& all padies will accepta down payment

(parler)as the deal for their seNices.The amount of the dor m payment could be discussed
between tllem. "Even there is no do\//n payment if the time is right we will not refuse the
of{er," said Dwi, the Jogedmanager.
Markeling Management
Marketing orientedto atrlpartiesinvolve4 namely the organizers,organizingpartners,
actorc and spectatorsin art (Achsan Peimas,2002). Since that, the organization should
deline marketing plan, target marketing, and promotion. In the marketing plan, the parties
concemedwith how to do marketing. In art, the o entation can be direcied to the woik of ari
(aft for aft) or directed to the market (for art maft). In the production of fayr, pe ormance,

110

ICAPI.S: laterndtioMl C.nfereh.eJar Asid Prcific Ans Stu11id

the actors and the parties such as dancer don't really need a Promotion Promotion that
they did is not making and distributing fliers, ol any other kind of rnedia which declares
themself as a good dancer.The promotion that they done is to Pedolm as well as possible
in the stage that they was invited. The loged will come on time as well as the aPPointment
before, dressingin a good mamer, singing and dancing well, and also to behave well too'
This is that the fogeddone to Promote themselves.They want to make a good imPressionto

anyonethe servicefor. When they perform properlp it will directly lead to a good impression'
is one important asPectin their marketing Dwi Purwar.toas a jogedmafiager,
This assessment
said that when they receivethe down Payment, they must be consistent.They will refuse
another down payment in a gr€ater value fol the same day offer. The down Payment is like
a commitment, so it coutd not be withdrawn. If they receivethe greatel value, the host will
be disappointed and ce*ainly the story of rejectionwill be a bad marketinS "Obstaclessuch
as lains, floodt and lightning doesnot stoPto Presenti4ylb," said Dwi Purwanto Not only
the joged who done this kind of marketin& the musicians too. When they received the down
payment they will consequentlyobey it. They will not temPtedby the higher doe!'nPayment
which of{er by another messenger.Either the sound systemcompany do also.They already
have a scheduleto prepare sound and stage equipment. They do not do a real promotion
like planing a good campaignbut they want to fulfill a good serviceas the gamelanmusician
(pengrawit).This example shows that the parties are less concernedwith the promotion
campaignbut they v/ant to perform perfectly.
The paties got the order by phone or a messengetwho cameto their office or house.
Becauseof her tight schedule,Giantini was help by her husband, Dwi Purwanto to oiganize
the schedule.Dwi Pulwanto becomea managerfor his wife and note every offer oI fay b. He
note all the idyrb schedulesince15 yearsbefore and fteely to look at his big book of the track
rccofi. of talub performance.The messengercould be a friend of the pafties or could be part

of the iayubhobbies.From this messengeror it could be call as a broket the other partieswill
get orders.Generall, those who get the order will seethe existing schedule.If there are no
performanceon that date,then the next discussionis talking about the value for money of the
servicesthey would do. The down payment will be paid to make a deal of the offer. With the
receiptof the advancepayment the pa*y haspromised to provide servicesat apredetermined
time.
Human ResourcesManagement
Human resouicesmanagementis properly to ensure the ability of the people in the
organization can be used optimal (Achsan Permas,2003).To assistthe work of all parties
in carrying out their duties, the thing that should be done is specifythesejobs, grouping the
jobs in many unit, and divide the tasks to membersby their interests,talents and abilities.
Thesethree things are going to be ineffectiveif there are no mechanismsto coordinate the
work unit. In tayrb perfoimances,can be specifiedparties as like the dancer (/oged),hosting
geest (pangatih tafiu), n..nsiciar. (pengrowit gafielan), and.mastet of ceremony, sound system,
lighting, stageequipment and video shootingand also the male dar\cer(pengibifld,The duty
for the fogedis dancing and singing in stage. The pattem of movement of dancing is similar
to Gambyong dance (Widyastutieningrum, 2007). The sing Javanese sorrg,gending.
Ioged tn
Crobonganusually dtessedin a short-sleevedkebaya(Javanesefemaleshirt), batik as a long
dress,wearing a scarf around her waist and hair in a bun. They were classifiedfrom their
skill, the seniors (/ogedfibok-mbokat) and )vniol.s Qogedwl.trukan).Both remain
fogedto sing and
dancewhile standing.The senior one could sing many kinds oI gending with their caracter.
The yunior one haven't have a good skill as the senior.,'Giantini,Sri, Laksmi and other senior
have kno\,\'nto sing with a good twist of several song," said pardi as an active male dancer
(pengibing)."Wurukan dancer must leam to sing that fits with the stlye of mbok-mbokan

111

Intarectinq R.loryinas: CreativeArts and Beraid

dancer,"he said further.In the stage,thereis generallya mbok-mbokanand wurukan dancers.
When the tay?, performanceonly involve threefoged,then the seniordanceris only one person
and the others are juniors. Thusjoged senior regenerafion by involving /ogedjuniors. The junior
dancersincreasetheir skill all by the own" like practicing at home using a karaokemedia. On
the stage, the junior /bgedwill sing popular songs, especially the song that is a trend and it's
not a difficult song to sing. The seniorswill sing the more difficult song.
Tlre stagemanageris shown by the hosting gae6t(peng\rihfrfl?r). The hosting guest
manage the mobility of person in stage.He will manage the atdience, especiallythe male
dancer (pefigibind. The hosting guest will preparc a card (fanda beksr)to a person to dance in
a good order. One of the criteria o{ the hosting guest is that they should know the guest.So
commonly the hosting guestis camefrom the samedisttict with the host. Generallythere are
two hosting guest.The first person will be in the middle of the audienceand managewhich
guestswill be dancein the order. The 6rst order is always given to the host. After the host
and his famil, then the hosting guest allowed to othe6 audience. The joged will give a scarf
(sele gdang)at\d,the male dancer (penglbirg)will hang it on their shoulder.The hosting guest
will protect the savety of the iosrd. Hosting guestsalso is in chargeof collectingmoney {rom
lhe pengibing whicl' .a11sawetan,The pengibing placed.the money in the middle of the scarl
Iolds dan the hosting guest take the money and put it inside a container of bozdrg (one oI
gamelaninstruments).Both hosting guestswere men and dlessedlike a typical Javanesmas
jacket)with long pants, and batik cloth. They used blangkon, a
as like using beskap
(Javanese
hat
for
male
and
their
facewas makeup as like the caracter.Sometimestoo, hosting
Javanese
guestsdressup like a characterin a Javanesepuppet, Petruk.Sometimestoo, they dress up
like buto or dashing figure in Javaneselegend.
The masterof the ceremonyarange the eventwhich brought in Javaneselanguageand
manners.The eventcouldbe divided astwo, the ceiemonialand the enteftainment.Ceremonial
is when the joSedcome to the stageand they sh,owa Gafibyotlgdance.Followed by another
dance,Slili1?gdanceby the hosting guest.Both dancehave a samepurpose,to respectthe host
and guest.After completingthe ceremonial,then followed by entertainment.The ente*aining
is when the guest was invited to the stagein order manner.The male dancer as the audience
doesnot need to dressup like a hosting guest,which is quite well-dressed.
The host or the house hold have a duty to organize the event and pay for all of the
operatroncost.The first thing that should be done is to contactthe partieswhich willbe in part
of the event.The hostswill pay the fee foi servicesthat they will accept.Eachhousehold held
an event in accordance with their abilides. Knowing sophisficated event or not is to obseive
the amount of the /oged. The smallest event is when there are only three joged. The amount of
12Joged
an more is a ext(emeevent.
Parties which served as accompanist for the joged and provide for musicai atmosphere
are the group of gamelan playe$ (penyawif).This parties usually have permanentmembers
and consistsof aminimum of 12personto 30.To play gamelantakes14to 16people.Alihough
all of rnemberof the group of karawitan could play the differ instrument but d1epercussion
instrument (kerdarg)should be played by the skilltull person.A pait of the member should
become a male singer (?rtyogo)which will sing with the loged.The group o{ gamelan musician
could be dressin an uniform (beskp o! other) or just a daily fashion.
The sound system,lighting system,and the stageequipment is usually organizedin a
one company, or known in the package system. Knowing the cost and the demand is to obseNe
the size of the stage.After knowing the size of the stage,it will be determined the number and
specificationof sound and iight. The company also provide tablesand chairs for guests.The
operator will prepare their equipment one day before.They will unload their equipment in
the day after the pedorrnance. Thus the company/steam at leastspend two nights at the site.

712

lCt'Pt'S, Ikternoti.nal CanJbrente
lar Asia Prctf. Artr StuI1ia\

lvhen there are many orders,the oPeratordoesnot evenreturn home becauseevery day they
should provide the sewices.
ittglblng is the audiencewho wanted to dancewith the losdd They danceand rnove
their body iccorirpany to the rhythm of the song and standing by side with the Joged Generaly
dunc"." of g.,""ts w".e nrale.Although there is no prohibition for women todance together
who dan'ed wllt. idged The pefiSibing
Joged, but in lact rarely encouatered {emale audience
placed in the middle of the scarf folds Scawesvr'ill be
pr:eparemoney at leasi np. fO,OOO.OO
acceptedoncewent on stageand give itback to the hosting Suestswhile leaving the stage'
The sixth patties mention above have an aPProPriateduties without any Previous
commandorcoordination.All Partiesstand on thefuol\m without join in a single organization
The loged does not kains their skill with the gamelan musician (pen{auit) Likewise, the
pen!fiwit do not .oordinate with other parties.The mechanismfor the coordinationis going
on stage,on the spot when the perfolmancebegan
Financial Management
Financialmanagementmeansmanagingfinancesin accordancewidl the management
process as the planr-ring, organizing, actuating and controlling (Achsan Permas, 2003). In
practice, the initial step is to develop a financial plan. In finarcial planning, is about the money:
when the money is received, when the money is spent, how is the balance, when to invest and
when in debt. It will show a balancesheetthat descdbesthe organization'sfinancial position.
In the show ta}''ub,the partiesare notjoined in an organization.In apreviousopinion it states
that thesepartiesstandon their own lvithout being in the samemanagement.Only the gamelan
musicianis a single organizationwith members.,loge.l
was appointed as requestedbythe host
not was appointedby the head of the organization.It was also for the hosting guest masterof
ceremont and the stageequipment company,Thus, it will not be seenabalancesheetwhich
expressof the financial position.
Toget a balance,what \//e can do is observingthe cost of the income and expenditure
budget of tayub performances.It will be taken into accountfor the expendifureoI small-scale
pedormances(3joged) and large scale(12joged). Componentsin expenditureinclude making
invitationt renting of sound-lighting-stageequipment,decorations,food and beverage,and
Iee (joged,master of ceremony,hostingguess,gamelanmusician,andbrokers).In small scale,
the expenditurewill leach approximately 20 million rupiah. In large scale,expenditurewill
reachapproximately40 million.
A host should pay lor the entire cost of production. In the statementabove,then that
will be the question is where does the budget tevenue?Income can be observedfrom cash
and non-cashincome. Cash income is the money that is o\ /ned or savingsdedved from the
host. The host can sell his property such as cattle (cows, goats and otheri). There is also the
inclusion of tayub hobby is twho volunta ly cont buted in cash.In addition they have a
money gathedng system, as called aisan.Somefamilies join an organization that can raise
money on a regularbasiseachmonth. Beforehelding a celebratiorythehostwill ask the chance
of geiting a loan in this dr"isansystem.Not on\' cash income but an non_cashincome
could
possibly receiveby the host is a s.inomansystem.sitloftarlis giving donations to those
who
have a celebtation.Donations in generalare things such as rice, tobacco,sugar, cooking
oil,
drynoodles,bananas,andothersnacks.Thesedonationswill be given to the h;st and the host
'('ill record the donation. r\tren the time lor the orher hosts wi[ hord
a celebratiorLthe host
before will retum the donation of equal value. If someonehad donatedl0o kiloqrams of rice.
then the next host will passthe donation of 100kilograms of rice. All non_cashjonations can
be used for operationalevents,such as the mealsfor the event.However,thehost can also cash
thesenon-cashdonations.

lrtelsettihg BelonEinas:Credtiw Arts ald Berah.l

CONCLUSION
The resultsshowed that the four functions of managementare not fully done yet well
organized.Thisis understandablebecauseall elementsof production iys not joining in the
one organization,but separateand there is no coordinationbetweenthe Parties.An impoltant
point to observeis that all elementsof the production of awoik that is confractual (Cary
DesslerandchweeHuatTa&2009).The work of a contractual means startinS and ending a
predeterminedjob.Inthework, the workers arerequired to perform their duties professionally,
This has been done by all parties involved in the show ta1'ub. In the statement can be obseNed
more that all elementsoI the production has seenan opporfunity to createworks of art and
business.Thetayub performeis are able to identify opPortunities and take risks as well as
resilient to theseopportunities. Exposureanalysisshows that all elementsof the production
oI the show was doing entrepieneuishipspirit(Irham Fahmt 2003;AgusW. Soehadi,2011).
This studies sho r that the model management which carried out by elements
production
in Grobogan was dependenteach other and indicating that they were able to create
chances. Opporfunities it creates attachment to one another. They were able to show the
function of each duties in a professionaland responsibleway. This model can be used to
influ€nce the potential of thecommunity. ln this study show that every Profession seliously
run it will b ng employment opportunities.

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