Nano open house George Bourianoff
I n t e l N a n ot e ch n ology Vir t u a l Ope n H ou se
New nano logic devices
for the 2020 time frame
George Bourianoff
Manager, Em erging Research Technologies
Ext ernal Program s, Technology & Manufact uring Group
A brief history of computing
Moo
re’s
La
w
Moo
re’s
La
Abbacus 1500 BC
Illiac IV 1954
Gate
Source
Com
mon
elem
e
nts
w
Drain
CMOS
Beyond CMOS 2020
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
con
tinu
e
Outline
A brief hist ory of com put ing
Underst anding t he basics of com put ing
Building on t he basics
Som e opt ions for nano com put ing and
ext ending Moore ’ s law
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
What are the elements common
to all computers?
We need t o be able t o writ e a bit .
• Ca n w e m a k e r e d pa r t icle s a n d ye llow
pa r t icle s?
We need t o be able t o read a bit
• . I s it r e d or is it ye llow ?
We need t o be able t o change bit s
•
Ca n w e ch a n ge r e d t o Ye llow ?
BUT
All in for m a t ion is ph ysica l –
I n for m a t ion m u st be r e pr e se n t e d by a
ph ysica l syst e m
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
The notion of “computational state”
and material systems
Gate
Source
Substrate
•The computational state is the
position of the beads
•The material system is a set of
stings in a frame
NEW MATERIAL
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology SYSTEMS
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Drain
Current
flow
The computational state is electron
current flow
The material system is a semiconductor MOSFET
NEW COMPUTATIONAL
STATE VARIABLES
For binary logic,
we need two
computational
states
a
Eb
w
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Eb
a
w
Sufficient energy
barrier is needed to
prevent spontaneous
transitions
BUT
a
E
This is the fundamental
energy loss mechanism
In computing
Building on the basics
Can we find ot her ways of st oring
“ com put at ional st at e ” ?
a
a
•Will it require less energy to switch?
•Do the material structures exist?
•Can it be manufactured?
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
?
What are some of the logic
alternatives?
Spint ronics
Phase change logic devices
I nt erference devices
Opt ical swit ches
I nt el is sponsoring research
Build on existing memory and
at leading inst it ut ions around
communication
technologies
t he world
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
w
Eb
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
∆Eb(e-)~1.7X10-2eV >>
w
Eb
a
a
Charge
=
∆E(spin)~8.6X10-8eV
Toy gyroscope
+
B
Spin
What about Spintronics?
Magnetic devices>spin transistors
MOS SpinFET*
•Use spin to
Control current
•Intel funding
research at
UCSB
Magnetic
Read heads
*Sugahara and Tanaka,
Vol 84, No 13 Mar 2004
Magnetic memories
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
GMR isolators
Spin interactions enable coherent waves
Orbitron waves Electrical properties
related to
Magnetic properties
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Low energy, high speed
interactions
Phase change logic devices
I ce t o wat er
Cryst alline t o
polym orphous
Met als t o insulat ors
Non - m agnet ic t o
m agnet ic
Correlat ed
m agnet ic and
elect rical st at es
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Spontaneous ferromagnetic
Phase transition
Spin gain transistor*
based on spontaneous ferromagnetic phase transition
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Patent pending
Ferroelectric transistor
Ferroelectric phase of gate material
controls threshold voltage
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Research sponsored at Yale University
Interference based devices
•Electrons have
wave properties
•Waves can
interfere
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/schroedinger/two-slit3.html
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Interference based switching
devices have been built*
GaAs/AlGaAs system
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Worschech et. al., Appl. Phys. Ltrs, vol 78, no 21, 2001
Epitaxial graphene films for
interference devices
Graphene is sam e
m at erial as CNTs
Coherent t ransport has
been observer in film s
Film s m ay be pat t erned
t o m anufact ure
int erference based
devices
Sponsored research
proj ect at Georgia Tech
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Used by Perm ission, W. de Heer
What about optical switching?
Optical
cavity
Charge
a
Eb
Eb
w
a
w
Optical
mode
Radiation
Switching energy and switching times being investigated
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
at Caltech – see poster
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Optical modes in a cavity to store
computational state
The photonic crystal laser
cavity can support two
perpendicular high-Q
dipole modes.
The lasing direction can be
modulated by changing the
relative Q of one of the
dipole modes with a
switching beam
Used by perm ission
Axel Scherer, Ca.
I nst . Of Tech.
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
The size of the pump beam
determines the spectrum of the laser
Conclusion
New logic devices will be needed in
t he 2020 t im e fram e
Novel concept s relat ed t o exist ing
t echnologies exist but need t o be
invest igat ed
I nt el is engaged wit h key universit y
research program s t o m onit or and
guide t he research
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
New nano logic devices
for the 2020 time frame
George Bourianoff
Manager, Em erging Research Technologies
Ext ernal Program s, Technology & Manufact uring Group
A brief history of computing
Moo
re’s
La
w
Moo
re’s
La
Abbacus 1500 BC
Illiac IV 1954
Gate
Source
Com
mon
elem
e
nts
w
Drain
CMOS
Beyond CMOS 2020
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
con
tinu
e
Outline
A brief hist ory of com put ing
Underst anding t he basics of com put ing
Building on t he basics
Som e opt ions for nano com put ing and
ext ending Moore ’ s law
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
What are the elements common
to all computers?
We need t o be able t o writ e a bit .
• Ca n w e m a k e r e d pa r t icle s a n d ye llow
pa r t icle s?
We need t o be able t o read a bit
• . I s it r e d or is it ye llow ?
We need t o be able t o change bit s
•
Ca n w e ch a n ge r e d t o Ye llow ?
BUT
All in for m a t ion is ph ysica l –
I n for m a t ion m u st be r e pr e se n t e d by a
ph ysica l syst e m
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
The notion of “computational state”
and material systems
Gate
Source
Substrate
•The computational state is the
position of the beads
•The material system is a set of
stings in a frame
NEW MATERIAL
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology SYSTEMS
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Drain
Current
flow
The computational state is electron
current flow
The material system is a semiconductor MOSFET
NEW COMPUTATIONAL
STATE VARIABLES
For binary logic,
we need two
computational
states
a
Eb
w
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Eb
a
w
Sufficient energy
barrier is needed to
prevent spontaneous
transitions
BUT
a
E
This is the fundamental
energy loss mechanism
In computing
Building on the basics
Can we find ot her ways of st oring
“ com put at ional st at e ” ?
a
a
•Will it require less energy to switch?
•Do the material structures exist?
•Can it be manufactured?
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
?
What are some of the logic
alternatives?
Spint ronics
Phase change logic devices
I nt erference devices
Opt ical swit ches
I nt el is sponsoring research
Build on existing memory and
at leading inst it ut ions around
communication
technologies
t he world
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
w
Eb
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
∆Eb(e-)~1.7X10-2eV >>
w
Eb
a
a
Charge
=
∆E(spin)~8.6X10-8eV
Toy gyroscope
+
B
Spin
What about Spintronics?
Magnetic devices>spin transistors
MOS SpinFET*
•Use spin to
Control current
•Intel funding
research at
UCSB
Magnetic
Read heads
*Sugahara and Tanaka,
Vol 84, No 13 Mar 2004
Magnetic memories
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
GMR isolators
Spin interactions enable coherent waves
Orbitron waves Electrical properties
related to
Magnetic properties
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Low energy, high speed
interactions
Phase change logic devices
I ce t o wat er
Cryst alline t o
polym orphous
Met als t o insulat ors
Non - m agnet ic t o
m agnet ic
Correlat ed
m agnet ic and
elect rical st at es
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Spontaneous ferromagnetic
Phase transition
Spin gain transistor*
based on spontaneous ferromagnetic phase transition
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Patent pending
Ferroelectric transistor
Ferroelectric phase of gate material
controls threshold voltage
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Research sponsored at Yale University
Interference based devices
•Electrons have
wave properties
•Waves can
interfere
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/schroedinger/two-slit3.html
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Interference based switching
devices have been built*
GaAs/AlGaAs system
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
*Worschech et. al., Appl. Phys. Ltrs, vol 78, no 21, 2001
Epitaxial graphene films for
interference devices
Graphene is sam e
m at erial as CNTs
Coherent t ransport has
been observer in film s
Film s m ay be pat t erned
t o m anufact ure
int erference based
devices
Sponsored research
proj ect at Georgia Tech
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Used by Perm ission, W. de Heer
What about optical switching?
Optical
cavity
Charge
a
Eb
Eb
w
a
w
Optical
mode
Radiation
Switching energy and switching times being investigated
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
at Caltech – see poster
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
Optical modes in a cavity to store
computational state
The photonic crystal laser
cavity can support two
perpendicular high-Q
dipole modes.
The lasing direction can be
modulated by changing the
relative Q of one of the
dipole modes with a
switching beam
Used by perm ission
Axel Scherer, Ca.
I nst . Of Tech.
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse
The size of the pump beam
determines the spectrum of the laser
Conclusion
New logic devices will be needed in
t he 2020 t im e fram e
Novel concept s relat ed t o exist ing
t echnologies exist but need t o be
invest igat ed
I nt el is engaged wit h key universit y
research program s t o m onit or and
guide t he research
I n t e l N a n ot e ch nology
Vir t ua l Ope n H ouse