Air Quality Monitoring Study.
Air Quality Monitoring
-Bali Tobacco Control Initiative2015
Partners
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CTCS (Aceh)
Pusaka (Medan)
TCSC (Jakarta)
NoTC (Bogor)
LPA Bandung
MTCC (Yogyakarta)
Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret (Solo)
Universitas Airlangga (Surabaya)
Universitas Negeri Jember (Jember)
BTCI (Bali)
Universitas Mataram (Lombok)
Universitas Hassanudin (Makassar)
TCSC – Universitas Muhammadiyah (Pontianak)
AQM Backgrounds
• National Health Research Data :
• There are i creasi g prevale ce of s oker aged ≥ 15 th from
34,2% (2007), 34,7% (2010) to 36,3% (2013).
• > 97 million Indonesian people are second hand smokers.
• Many people are spending most of their time at indoor areas.
• Air pollution at indoor places is often not recognised and cannot be
avoided.
AQM Backgrounds (continue)
• One of the efforts to control the air quality is by implementing Smoke
Free Law (SFL).
• The concept of SFL implementation is to protect and guarantee a
healthy air without tobacco smoke, through ban the indoor smoking
activity.
• It is important to monitor the SFL compliance through monitoring the
air quality at public places as smoke free area.
• The air quality is identified by measuring the concentration of fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) and observation using observation form.
Aims
• To describe the effectiveness of Smoke Free Law to increase the
indoor air quality.
• To measure particulate matter (PM2.5) in public places that are ruled
as smoke-free area.
• To compare the measurement results of particulate matter (PM2.5) in
publics by the compliance of local smoke-free legislation.
• To prove that the smoking activity affect the indoor air quality.
Benefits
• Will be beneficial for advocacy to initiate the establishment of SFL.
• For advocacy to revise SFL.
• To evaluate the implementation of SFL.
• To inform and promote the harmful effect of smoking to indoor air
quality to the wider community.
Methods
• Design
• Cross sectional descriptive
• Sample
• Public places as smoke-free area located in Denpasar,
Jakarta, Kota Bogor, Kab. Bogor, Bandung, Surabaya,
Jogjakarta, Mataram, Medan, Pontianak, Jember, Solo dan
Makasar.
• Total sample : 1,440 smoke-free areas
Methods (lanjutan)
• Instrument
• Observation
• Dylos air quality monitor PM2.5
• Monitoring checklist
Data Collection Procedure
RESULT
The Characteristics of Venue (Sample)
Characteristics
Type of Venue
N
%
Education Facility
Health Facility
Hotel
Market
Office
Playground
Public Place
95
116
203
128
127
14
307
7%
8%
14%
9%
9%
1%
21%
Restaurant/ Entertainment
450
31%
Allow Smoking
Complete Ban
628
658
44%
46%
Separation Within
154
11%
1063
377
74%
26%
Type of Room
Open/Closed Area
Closed
Open
Odds Ratio : 2,1 with 95% CI : 1,7 – 2,7 | AR% : 52,6% with 95% CI : 40,4% - 62,4%
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Allow Smoking Venue
SBY02113 ( ON MY WAY CLUB ) / Public Place / TEMPAT UMUM [Surabaya]
Evidence of Smoking
: Evidence
Type of Venue
: Closed
Smoking Outside
: No Smoking Outside
Type of Room
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
Number of Smoking
: 18/4 19/9 21/9
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Club / Entertainment
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Complete Ban with Evidence of Smoking
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 48/2 52/6 46/8
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Modern Market (Mall)
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Separation Within Venue
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:3
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 6/0 8/0 8/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Indoor PM2.5 Level at High PM2.5 Level Outdside Area
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
Location : Hotel
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 3/0 4/0 4/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
The Indoor PM2.5 Level with Smoking Activity at The Entrance Gate
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 35/0 43/0 31/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Modern Market
Jakarta
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: No Smoking Outside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 46/7 49/10 62/5
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Pub / Entertainment
Kota Bogor
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: No Smoking Outside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 6/3 5/0 5/2 0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Sport Center
Medan
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 33/4 35/2 28/20" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Solo
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:3
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 10/0 8/1 8/0 0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 37/0 30/0 30/00" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : University
Conclusions & Recommendations
Conclusion & Reccomendation
• Most of the area is still not comply to Smoke Free Law.
• Most of the area has poor air quality (above the WHO standard)
• It is proven that smoking activity will worsen indoor air quality, it can
even reach 20 times above the WHO threshold.
• Complete ban of indoor smoking will assure the provision of clean
and healthy air, hence, all type of indoor smoking activities should be
prohibited.
• Smoke Free Law should be developed and optimally enforced as one
legal aim to grab policy makers and community attention.
-Bali Tobacco Control Initiative2015
Partners
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CTCS (Aceh)
Pusaka (Medan)
TCSC (Jakarta)
NoTC (Bogor)
LPA Bandung
MTCC (Yogyakarta)
Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret (Solo)
Universitas Airlangga (Surabaya)
Universitas Negeri Jember (Jember)
BTCI (Bali)
Universitas Mataram (Lombok)
Universitas Hassanudin (Makassar)
TCSC – Universitas Muhammadiyah (Pontianak)
AQM Backgrounds
• National Health Research Data :
• There are i creasi g prevale ce of s oker aged ≥ 15 th from
34,2% (2007), 34,7% (2010) to 36,3% (2013).
• > 97 million Indonesian people are second hand smokers.
• Many people are spending most of their time at indoor areas.
• Air pollution at indoor places is often not recognised and cannot be
avoided.
AQM Backgrounds (continue)
• One of the efforts to control the air quality is by implementing Smoke
Free Law (SFL).
• The concept of SFL implementation is to protect and guarantee a
healthy air without tobacco smoke, through ban the indoor smoking
activity.
• It is important to monitor the SFL compliance through monitoring the
air quality at public places as smoke free area.
• The air quality is identified by measuring the concentration of fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) and observation using observation form.
Aims
• To describe the effectiveness of Smoke Free Law to increase the
indoor air quality.
• To measure particulate matter (PM2.5) in public places that are ruled
as smoke-free area.
• To compare the measurement results of particulate matter (PM2.5) in
publics by the compliance of local smoke-free legislation.
• To prove that the smoking activity affect the indoor air quality.
Benefits
• Will be beneficial for advocacy to initiate the establishment of SFL.
• For advocacy to revise SFL.
• To evaluate the implementation of SFL.
• To inform and promote the harmful effect of smoking to indoor air
quality to the wider community.
Methods
• Design
• Cross sectional descriptive
• Sample
• Public places as smoke-free area located in Denpasar,
Jakarta, Kota Bogor, Kab. Bogor, Bandung, Surabaya,
Jogjakarta, Mataram, Medan, Pontianak, Jember, Solo dan
Makasar.
• Total sample : 1,440 smoke-free areas
Methods (lanjutan)
• Instrument
• Observation
• Dylos air quality monitor PM2.5
• Monitoring checklist
Data Collection Procedure
RESULT
The Characteristics of Venue (Sample)
Characteristics
Type of Venue
N
%
Education Facility
Health Facility
Hotel
Market
Office
Playground
Public Place
95
116
203
128
127
14
307
7%
8%
14%
9%
9%
1%
21%
Restaurant/ Entertainment
450
31%
Allow Smoking
Complete Ban
628
658
44%
46%
Separation Within
154
11%
1063
377
74%
26%
Type of Room
Open/Closed Area
Closed
Open
Odds Ratio : 2,1 with 95% CI : 1,7 – 2,7 | AR% : 52,6% with 95% CI : 40,4% - 62,4%
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Allow Smoking Venue
SBY02113 ( ON MY WAY CLUB ) / Public Place / TEMPAT UMUM [Surabaya]
Evidence of Smoking
: Evidence
Type of Venue
: Closed
Smoking Outside
: No Smoking Outside
Type of Room
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
Number of Smoking
: 18/4 19/9 21/9
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Club / Entertainment
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Complete Ban with Evidence of Smoking
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 48/2 52/6 46/8
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Modern Market (Mall)
Indoor PM2.5 Level at Separation Within Venue
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:3
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 6/0 8/0 8/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Indoor PM2.5 Level at High PM2.5 Level Outdside Area
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
Location : Hotel
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 3/0 4/0 4/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
The Indoor PM2.5 Level with Smoking Activity at The Entrance Gate
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 35/0 43/0 31/0
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Modern Market
Jakarta
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: No Smoking Outside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 46/7 49/10 62/5
0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Pub / Entertainment
Kota Bogor
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: No Smoking Outside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 6/3 5/0 5/2 0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Sport Center
Medan
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:1
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 33/4 35/2 28/20" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Solo
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:3
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 10/0 8/1 8/0 0" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : Restaurant
Evidence of Smoking
Type of Venue
Smoking Outside
Type of Room
Number of Smoking
: No Evidence
: Closed
: SmokeOutside
:2
(1. Allow Smoking | 2. Complete Ban | 3. Separation Within)
: 37/0 30/0 30/00" 15" 30" : Number of People/Number of Smoking
Location : University
Conclusions & Recommendations
Conclusion & Reccomendation
• Most of the area is still not comply to Smoke Free Law.
• Most of the area has poor air quality (above the WHO standard)
• It is proven that smoking activity will worsen indoor air quality, it can
even reach 20 times above the WHO threshold.
• Complete ban of indoor smoking will assure the provision of clean
and healthy air, hence, all type of indoor smoking activities should be
prohibited.
• Smoke Free Law should be developed and optimally enforced as one
legal aim to grab policy makers and community attention.