Water Quality Monitoring In Pepe River cover
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
THESIS
A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS OF POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM FOR THE
DEGREE OF MASTER IN ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE
BY:
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
SURAKARTA
THESIS
By:
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
Supervisor
Name
Signature
Board
Supervisor I
Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi Handayani
, S.H.,M.M
Supervisor II
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh Sri Budiastuti, M.Si
Fulfil the Qualificatiopn On 6 February 2014
Head of Environment Sciences Study Program
Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University
Dr. Prabang Setyono, M. Si.
NIP 19720524 199903 1 002
ii
Date
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
SURAKARTA
THESIS
By
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
Has been maintained in front of reviewers
and has been declared eligible on the date ..... June 2014
Reviewers Team :
Occupation
Name
Head Of Reviewers
Dr. Sunarto, M.S
NIP.195406051991031002
Reviewer Members
Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi
Handayani , S.H.,M.M
NIP. 197210082005012001
Signature
Prof.Dr.Ir. MTh.Sri Budiastuti, M.Si
NIP. 1959120519850320012
Certified :
Director of Postgraduate Program
Head of
Sebelas Maret University
Environmental Science Study Program
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S.
NIP.196107171986011001
Dr. Prabang Setyono, M.Si
NIP.197205241999031002
iii
Date
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ORIGINALITY AND PUBLICATION STATEMENT
Name : MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM : A131302014
We declared that:
SURAKARTA
Is my work and free of plagiarism, and there is no scientific papers that have been
asked by others to obtain academic degrees and there is no work or opinion ever
written or published by another person exception writing used as reference in this
text and a reference sources well as mentioned in the bibliography .I fat a later
proved there is plagiarism in scientific papers, If in the future proved my
statement is not true, then I am willing to accept the academic sanction,
revocation of a degree that I obtained from this thesis
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PREFACE
the First, thanks to allah Almighty and our Prophet Muhammad for the strength
and courage of faith to complete the thesis.My sincere gratefulness goes to the
important people without whom I would never have been able to finish my thesis:
my supervisors, my friends, and my family. Their guidance, help, and support
were the most valuable treasure for me.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my first supervisors,Dr. I Gusti
Ayu Krh, S.H.,M.H ., and my second supervisors,Prof. Dr. Ir. Sribudi Astuti . for
their excellent guidance, care, and patience that had provided excellent
atmosphere to do my research.
Finally, I would like to thank my Mother Father family and all my friends who
have always supported and encouraged me with their best wishes
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
SUMMARY
Pepe River is a river that crosses the city of Surakarta, splitting the northern part
of the city. This river will lead to the Solo River, one of the largest river in Java.
Before emptying into the Solo River, the river will be joined by several rivers
such as Anyar River and Gajahputih River. The rivers that flow through the city
and empties into the Bengawan Solo will also affect the quality of the main river,
Bengawan Solo.
Pepe River headwaters west of the city of Surakarta, Boyolali region. Before
entering the urban area, with potential activity dominated by agriculture and
livestock pollution. With higher pollution level sare expected to occur when Pepe
River flow entering the urban area of Surakarta.
Observation studies showed a high density on the riverbank Pepe River region,
especially into the urban area. Dense residential density will contribute a lot of
domestic waste into the water. This will potentially worse if attention to lack of
availability of sanitation facilities and processing household waste.
Surakarta is a city of commerce, does not have a huge industry. However, some
domestic industries are textiles, batik production. Batik industry has specific
wastes are hazardous heavy metals are mixed in the stain. Metallic elements such
as Cr6, Cd and Cu are widely used in the fabrication of dye to brighten staining
results and increase the durability of the color on the fabric.
Waste batik industry is estimated to contribute wasted Pepe River. This is
evidenced by discoloration of the water, especially when water flow decreases.
The risk of harmful heavy metals is its ability to accumulate and bring out the
toxic at certain concentrations.
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Observations on the social and cultural riverbank Pepe River shows low concern
for the environment, especially the conservation of the river. The majority of the
public views Pepe River as a family toilet and a garbage dump. Some dug wells
along the river, giving the pervasive threat of contamination to the drinking water
community.
Society at Pepe River riverbank area generally have lower middle economic
levels. Education they have apparently not too high so that an understanding of
the risks of waste and environmental awareness is still low. In some situations still
visible view of small children bathing in river waters contaminated by sewage.
Some specific activities identified along the Pepe River flow is the Tirtonadi
Terminal, the main bus terminal in Surakarta. Density and variety of activities
potentially produce large amounts of garbage and could be wasted directly into
the river. In addition, there are sizable Animal Market on one side of the river.
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SHEET OF LEGALIZATION
..
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
A. Background ..............................................................................................1
B. The Problems Statement ...........................................................................5
C. Objective of The Research ........................................................................6
D. The Advantages of The Research .............................................................7
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................8
A. Water problems .........................................................................................8
B. Water Resource Potencies in Indonesia. ...................................................11
C. Water Resources Problems in Indonesia...................................................12
D. Pollution Prevention and River Water Quality
Improvement Programme..........................................................................15
E. Water pollution control by the authority of the
government and society.............................................................................15
F. Measures Need And Has To Be Don ........................................................16
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................17
A. Place and Time of Research ......................................................................17
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
B. Materials for Research ..............................................................................18
C. Population and Sampling ..........................................................................18
D. Research Procedure ...................................................................................19
CHAPTER IV
A. Pepe River Condition ..............................................................................23
B. Water Sample Analysis Result..................................................................25
C. Discussion .................................................................................................27
D. comparative Study with Indonesia Regulation .........................................39
E. Study Level of Pollution with Storet Method ...........................................40
F. General Review of Research .....................................................................43
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................47
A.
Conclusion ..........................................................................................47
B.
Recommendation.................................................................................47
REFFERENCE......................................................................................................50
APPENDEX
ix
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water Sample, Physical
...
.26
Table 2. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Chemical
Parameters
26
Table 3. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Biological
Parameters
27
Table 4. Comparative Table of Pape River Water Sample Laboratory Result and
..39
x
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1
24
...
Figure 3 Comparative Histogram of Temperature Analysis
Figure 4 Comparative Histogram of Electric Conductivity Analysis
Figure 5 Comparative Histogram of pH Analysis
Figure 6 Comparative Histogram of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Analysis
Figure 7 Comparative Histogram of Zinc (Zn) Analysis
Figure 8 Comparative Histogram of Sulphate Analysis
Figure 9 Comparative Histogram of DO, COD and BOD analysis
Figure 10 Comparative Histogram of Chloride Analysis
xi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Research Picture in 3 Station
Continued From Appendix 1
Appendix 2 Laboratory Research
Appendix 3 physical and Chemical Parameters
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Appendix 4 Biological parameter
Continued From Appendix 4
xii
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
THESIS
A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS OF POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM FOR THE
DEGREE OF MASTER IN ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE
BY:
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
SURAKARTA
THESIS
By:
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
Supervisor
Name
Signature
Board
Supervisor I
Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi Handayani
, S.H.,M.M
Supervisor II
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh Sri Budiastuti, M.Si
Fulfil the Qualificatiopn On 6 February 2014
Head of Environment Sciences Study Program
Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University
Dr. Prabang Setyono, M. Si.
NIP 19720524 199903 1 002
ii
Date
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER
SURAKARTA
THESIS
By
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM. A131302014
Has been maintained in front of reviewers
and has been declared eligible on the date ..... June 2014
Reviewers Team :
Occupation
Name
Head Of Reviewers
Dr. Sunarto, M.S
NIP.195406051991031002
Reviewer Members
Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi
Handayani , S.H.,M.M
NIP. 197210082005012001
Signature
Prof.Dr.Ir. MTh.Sri Budiastuti, M.Si
NIP. 1959120519850320012
Certified :
Director of Postgraduate Program
Head of
Sebelas Maret University
Environmental Science Study Program
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S.
NIP.196107171986011001
Dr. Prabang Setyono, M.Si
NIP.197205241999031002
iii
Date
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ORIGINALITY AND PUBLICATION STATEMENT
Name : MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
NIM : A131302014
We declared that:
SURAKARTA
Is my work and free of plagiarism, and there is no scientific papers that have been
asked by others to obtain academic degrees and there is no work or opinion ever
written or published by another person exception writing used as reference in this
text and a reference sources well as mentioned in the bibliography .I fat a later
proved there is plagiarism in scientific papers, If in the future proved my
statement is not true, then I am willing to accept the academic sanction,
revocation of a degree that I obtained from this thesis
MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PREFACE
the First, thanks to allah Almighty and our Prophet Muhammad for the strength
and courage of faith to complete the thesis.My sincere gratefulness goes to the
important people without whom I would never have been able to finish my thesis:
my supervisors, my friends, and my family. Their guidance, help, and support
were the most valuable treasure for me.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my first supervisors,Dr. I Gusti
Ayu Krh, S.H.,M.H ., and my second supervisors,Prof. Dr. Ir. Sribudi Astuti . for
their excellent guidance, care, and patience that had provided excellent
atmosphere to do my research.
Finally, I would like to thank my Mother Father family and all my friends who
have always supported and encouraged me with their best wishes
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
SUMMARY
Pepe River is a river that crosses the city of Surakarta, splitting the northern part
of the city. This river will lead to the Solo River, one of the largest river in Java.
Before emptying into the Solo River, the river will be joined by several rivers
such as Anyar River and Gajahputih River. The rivers that flow through the city
and empties into the Bengawan Solo will also affect the quality of the main river,
Bengawan Solo.
Pepe River headwaters west of the city of Surakarta, Boyolali region. Before
entering the urban area, with potential activity dominated by agriculture and
livestock pollution. With higher pollution level sare expected to occur when Pepe
River flow entering the urban area of Surakarta.
Observation studies showed a high density on the riverbank Pepe River region,
especially into the urban area. Dense residential density will contribute a lot of
domestic waste into the water. This will potentially worse if attention to lack of
availability of sanitation facilities and processing household waste.
Surakarta is a city of commerce, does not have a huge industry. However, some
domestic industries are textiles, batik production. Batik industry has specific
wastes are hazardous heavy metals are mixed in the stain. Metallic elements such
as Cr6, Cd and Cu are widely used in the fabrication of dye to brighten staining
results and increase the durability of the color on the fabric.
Waste batik industry is estimated to contribute wasted Pepe River. This is
evidenced by discoloration of the water, especially when water flow decreases.
The risk of harmful heavy metals is its ability to accumulate and bring out the
toxic at certain concentrations.
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Observations on the social and cultural riverbank Pepe River shows low concern
for the environment, especially the conservation of the river. The majority of the
public views Pepe River as a family toilet and a garbage dump. Some dug wells
along the river, giving the pervasive threat of contamination to the drinking water
community.
Society at Pepe River riverbank area generally have lower middle economic
levels. Education they have apparently not too high so that an understanding of
the risks of waste and environmental awareness is still low. In some situations still
visible view of small children bathing in river waters contaminated by sewage.
Some specific activities identified along the Pepe River flow is the Tirtonadi
Terminal, the main bus terminal in Surakarta. Density and variety of activities
potentially produce large amounts of garbage and could be wasted directly into
the river. In addition, there are sizable Animal Market on one side of the river.
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SHEET OF LEGALIZATION
..
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
A. Background ..............................................................................................1
B. The Problems Statement ...........................................................................5
C. Objective of The Research ........................................................................6
D. The Advantages of The Research .............................................................7
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................8
A. Water problems .........................................................................................8
B. Water Resource Potencies in Indonesia. ...................................................11
C. Water Resources Problems in Indonesia...................................................12
D. Pollution Prevention and River Water Quality
Improvement Programme..........................................................................15
E. Water pollution control by the authority of the
government and society.............................................................................15
F. Measures Need And Has To Be Don ........................................................16
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................17
A. Place and Time of Research ......................................................................17
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
B. Materials for Research ..............................................................................18
C. Population and Sampling ..........................................................................18
D. Research Procedure ...................................................................................19
CHAPTER IV
A. Pepe River Condition ..............................................................................23
B. Water Sample Analysis Result..................................................................25
C. Discussion .................................................................................................27
D. comparative Study with Indonesia Regulation .........................................39
E. Study Level of Pollution with Storet Method ...........................................40
F. General Review of Research .....................................................................43
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................47
A.
Conclusion ..........................................................................................47
B.
Recommendation.................................................................................47
REFFERENCE......................................................................................................50
APPENDEX
ix
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water Sample, Physical
...
.26
Table 2. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Chemical
Parameters
26
Table 3. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Biological
Parameters
27
Table 4. Comparative Table of Pape River Water Sample Laboratory Result and
..39
x
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1
24
...
Figure 3 Comparative Histogram of Temperature Analysis
Figure 4 Comparative Histogram of Electric Conductivity Analysis
Figure 5 Comparative Histogram of pH Analysis
Figure 6 Comparative Histogram of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Analysis
Figure 7 Comparative Histogram of Zinc (Zn) Analysis
Figure 8 Comparative Histogram of Sulphate Analysis
Figure 9 Comparative Histogram of DO, COD and BOD analysis
Figure 10 Comparative Histogram of Chloride Analysis
xi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Research Picture in 3 Station
Continued From Appendix 1
Appendix 2 Laboratory Research
Appendix 3 physical and Chemical Parameters
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Continued From Appendix 3
Appendix 4 Biological parameter
Continued From Appendix 4
xii