IDENTIFIKASI GENETIK KETURUNAN SOROH PANDE DI KECAMATAN SERIRIT, BULELENG BERDASARKAN DNA MIKROSATELIT KROMOSOM Y.
IDENTIFIKASI GENETIK KETURUNAN SOROH PANDE DI
KECAMATAN SERIRIT, BULELENG BERDASARKAN DNA
MIKROSATELIT KROMOSOM Y
Sebagai Tugas Akhir untuk Memenuhi Syarat Mencapai Derajat Sarjana S-1
Program studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Udayana
Oleh :
I Wayan Arya Mahardika
1208305006
PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
BALI
2016
Scanned by CamScanner
Abstrak
Soroh Pande merupakan salah satu dari soroh/klan di dalam masyarakat Bali
yang tersebar di seluruh pulau Bali termasuk di Kecamatan Seririt, Kabupaten
Buleleng. Penelitian soroh Pande ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi ragam alel
yang ada pada masyarakat Pande di Seririt dan luar Seririt menggunakan analisis DNA
mikrosatelit kromosom Y diantaranya DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS 395.
Penelitian ini juga untuk menambah genetic data base DNA masyarakat Bali guna
kepentingan penelusuran forensik ke depannya. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 21
variasi ragam alel dan 25 haplotipe dengan nilai heterozigositas tertinggi pada lokus
DYS19 sebesar 0,75 ± 0,03 dengan rata-rata keempat lokus sebesar 0,72 ± 0,03.
Kekerabatan yang diperoleh antar masyarakar soroh Pande di Kecamatan Seririt tidak
mengelompok berdasarkan hubungan dadianya.
Kata Kunci : Soroh Pande, DNA Mikrosatelit, Kecamatan Seririt
iv
Abstract
Clan Pande is one of the Balinese clans which spread in Bali, including in Seririt
District, Buleleng Regency. The research of Pande clan is purposed to find out the
varieties of allelic diversity which occurred on Pande community in Seririt and outside
Seririt using microsatellite DNA analysis of the Y chromosome, among others DYS19,
DYS390, DYS393, DYS395. This study is also to increase Balinese DNA genetic data
base for the future forensic search. In this study, there are found 21 varieties of allelic
diversity and 25 haplotypes with the highest value of heterozygosity is on DYS19 locus
in the amount of 0.75 ± 0.03 with the average of four loci that is 0.72 ± 0.03. The
kinship obtained among Pande clan communities in the District of Seririt is not
classified by relationship of the clan.
Keyword
: Pande Clan, microsatellite DNA, The District of Seririt.
v
DAFTAR ISI
Judul ............................................................................................................. halaman
Lembar Pengesahan ................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii
Abstrak ................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ....................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................x
I.
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................3
1.3. Tujuan ........................................................................................................3
1.4. Manfaat ......................................................................................................4
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................................5
2.1. Deoxyribonuleic Acid (DNA) ....................................................................5
2.2. DNA Mikrosatelit ......................................................................................6
2.3. Soroh Pande...............................................................................................7
2.4. Ekstraksi DNA ..........................................................................................9
2.5. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) .........................................................10
2.6. Elektroforesis ..........................................................................................11
III. METODE PENELITIAN ...............................................................................13
3.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................13
3.1.1. Tempat dan waktu penelitian ........................................................13
3.1.2. Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................13
3.1.3. Teknik pengambilan sampel .........................................................13
3.1.4. Tahapan analisis DNA ..................................................................14
3.2. Metode Pengolahan Data .........................................................................17
vi
3.2.1. Jenis data ......................................................................................17
3.2.2. Analisis data .................................................................................17
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................19
4.1. Hasil .........................................................................................................19
4.2. Pembahasan .............................................................................................27
V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................................37
5.1. Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................37
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................................37
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................38
Lampiran I ..............................................................................................................45
Lampiran II ............................................................................................................47
Lampiran III ...........................................................................................................48
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Struktur DNA Watson dan Crick (1953) ............................................. 6
Gambar 2. Prapen................................................................................................... 9
Gambar 3. Prapen Keseluruhan ............................................................................. 9
Gambar 4. Prapen di Merajan Desa Kalisada ........................................................ 9
Gambar 5. Prapen Dusun Yehanakan .................................................................... 9
Gambar 6. Hasil elektroforesis pada Page 10% DYS390 dan DYS395 (1), DYS19
dan DYS393 (2) .................................................................................. 22
Gambar 7. Hasil re-PCR elektroforesis page10% pada lokus DYS19, DYS390,
DYS393 (Pd 2 dan Pd 11) ................................................................... 22
Gambar 8. Dendrogram 15 sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh
Pande di Kecamatan Seririt dengan metode UPGMA ...................... 24
Gambar 9. Dendrogram 10 sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh
Pande di luar Kecamatan seririt dengan metode UPGMA ............... 24
Gambar 10. Dendrogram sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh Pande
di Kecamatan seririt dan luar Seririt dengan metode UPGMA .......... 25
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis mikrosatelit ............................... 15
Tabel 2. Data probandus ....................................................................................... 19
Tabel 3. Identitas genetik semua sampel yang teramplifikasi dan tidak
teramplifikasipada lokus DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, dan DYS395 di Seririt
dan luar Seririt ......................................................................................... 20
Tabel 4. Data frekuensi dan sebaran alel kromosom Y pada soroh Pande di Seririt
dan luar Seririt ......................................................................................... 21
Tabel 5. Data gabungan frekuensi dan sebaran alel kromosom Y pada soroh Pande
Seririt dan luar Seririt. ............................................................................. 23
Tabel 6. Nilai Keragaman Genetik pada masyarakat soroh Pande di Kecamatan
Seririt dan luar Seririt, Kabupaten Buleleng ........................................... 26
Tabel 7. Haplotipe dari kombinasi alel dan frekuensi pada masing-masing lokus
kromosom Y ............................................................................................ 27
ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
Dokumentasi penelitian................................................................... 45
Lampiran II Form Biodata Probandus ................................................................. 47
Lampiran III Form Persetujuan Probandus ........................................................... 48
x
KECAMATAN SERIRIT, BULELENG BERDASARKAN DNA
MIKROSATELIT KROMOSOM Y
Sebagai Tugas Akhir untuk Memenuhi Syarat Mencapai Derajat Sarjana S-1
Program studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Udayana
Oleh :
I Wayan Arya Mahardika
1208305006
PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
BALI
2016
Scanned by CamScanner
Abstrak
Soroh Pande merupakan salah satu dari soroh/klan di dalam masyarakat Bali
yang tersebar di seluruh pulau Bali termasuk di Kecamatan Seririt, Kabupaten
Buleleng. Penelitian soroh Pande ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi ragam alel
yang ada pada masyarakat Pande di Seririt dan luar Seririt menggunakan analisis DNA
mikrosatelit kromosom Y diantaranya DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS 395.
Penelitian ini juga untuk menambah genetic data base DNA masyarakat Bali guna
kepentingan penelusuran forensik ke depannya. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 21
variasi ragam alel dan 25 haplotipe dengan nilai heterozigositas tertinggi pada lokus
DYS19 sebesar 0,75 ± 0,03 dengan rata-rata keempat lokus sebesar 0,72 ± 0,03.
Kekerabatan yang diperoleh antar masyarakar soroh Pande di Kecamatan Seririt tidak
mengelompok berdasarkan hubungan dadianya.
Kata Kunci : Soroh Pande, DNA Mikrosatelit, Kecamatan Seririt
iv
Abstract
Clan Pande is one of the Balinese clans which spread in Bali, including in Seririt
District, Buleleng Regency. The research of Pande clan is purposed to find out the
varieties of allelic diversity which occurred on Pande community in Seririt and outside
Seririt using microsatellite DNA analysis of the Y chromosome, among others DYS19,
DYS390, DYS393, DYS395. This study is also to increase Balinese DNA genetic data
base for the future forensic search. In this study, there are found 21 varieties of allelic
diversity and 25 haplotypes with the highest value of heterozygosity is on DYS19 locus
in the amount of 0.75 ± 0.03 with the average of four loci that is 0.72 ± 0.03. The
kinship obtained among Pande clan communities in the District of Seririt is not
classified by relationship of the clan.
Keyword
: Pande Clan, microsatellite DNA, The District of Seririt.
v
DAFTAR ISI
Judul ............................................................................................................. halaman
Lembar Pengesahan ................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii
Abstrak ................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ....................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................x
I.
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................3
1.3. Tujuan ........................................................................................................3
1.4. Manfaat ......................................................................................................4
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................................5
2.1. Deoxyribonuleic Acid (DNA) ....................................................................5
2.2. DNA Mikrosatelit ......................................................................................6
2.3. Soroh Pande...............................................................................................7
2.4. Ekstraksi DNA ..........................................................................................9
2.5. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) .........................................................10
2.6. Elektroforesis ..........................................................................................11
III. METODE PENELITIAN ...............................................................................13
3.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................13
3.1.1. Tempat dan waktu penelitian ........................................................13
3.1.2. Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................13
3.1.3. Teknik pengambilan sampel .........................................................13
3.1.4. Tahapan analisis DNA ..................................................................14
3.2. Metode Pengolahan Data .........................................................................17
vi
3.2.1. Jenis data ......................................................................................17
3.2.2. Analisis data .................................................................................17
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................19
4.1. Hasil .........................................................................................................19
4.2. Pembahasan .............................................................................................27
V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................................37
5.1. Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................37
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................................37
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................38
Lampiran I ..............................................................................................................45
Lampiran II ............................................................................................................47
Lampiran III ...........................................................................................................48
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Struktur DNA Watson dan Crick (1953) ............................................. 6
Gambar 2. Prapen................................................................................................... 9
Gambar 3. Prapen Keseluruhan ............................................................................. 9
Gambar 4. Prapen di Merajan Desa Kalisada ........................................................ 9
Gambar 5. Prapen Dusun Yehanakan .................................................................... 9
Gambar 6. Hasil elektroforesis pada Page 10% DYS390 dan DYS395 (1), DYS19
dan DYS393 (2) .................................................................................. 22
Gambar 7. Hasil re-PCR elektroforesis page10% pada lokus DYS19, DYS390,
DYS393 (Pd 2 dan Pd 11) ................................................................... 22
Gambar 8. Dendrogram 15 sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh
Pande di Kecamatan Seririt dengan metode UPGMA ...................... 24
Gambar 9. Dendrogram 10 sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh
Pande di luar Kecamatan seririt dengan metode UPGMA ............... 24
Gambar 10. Dendrogram sampel hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat soroh Pande
di Kecamatan seririt dan luar Seririt dengan metode UPGMA .......... 25
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis mikrosatelit ............................... 15
Tabel 2. Data probandus ....................................................................................... 19
Tabel 3. Identitas genetik semua sampel yang teramplifikasi dan tidak
teramplifikasipada lokus DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, dan DYS395 di Seririt
dan luar Seririt ......................................................................................... 20
Tabel 4. Data frekuensi dan sebaran alel kromosom Y pada soroh Pande di Seririt
dan luar Seririt ......................................................................................... 21
Tabel 5. Data gabungan frekuensi dan sebaran alel kromosom Y pada soroh Pande
Seririt dan luar Seririt. ............................................................................. 23
Tabel 6. Nilai Keragaman Genetik pada masyarakat soroh Pande di Kecamatan
Seririt dan luar Seririt, Kabupaten Buleleng ........................................... 26
Tabel 7. Haplotipe dari kombinasi alel dan frekuensi pada masing-masing lokus
kromosom Y ............................................................................................ 27
ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
Dokumentasi penelitian................................................................... 45
Lampiran II Form Biodata Probandus ................................................................. 47
Lampiran III Form Persetujuan Probandus ........................................................... 48
x