WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM.

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM

A Research Paper

Submitted to the English Education Department of the Faculty of Language and Arts Education of the Indonesia University of Education as Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for Sarjana Sastra Degree

By:

Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie (0802645)

English Education Department

Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

2013

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WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED

FILM

Oleh

Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni

Oktober 2013

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak ulang, difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis.

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

PAGE OF APPROVAL

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM By

Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie 0802645

Approved by:

Head of Department of English Education Faculty of Languages and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

Prof. Dr. Didi Suherdi, M. Ed. NIP. 1962110119871210001 First Supervisor

Dr. Rd. Safrina Noorman, M. A. NIP. 196207291987032003

Second Supervisor

R. Della N. Kartika Sari, S. Pd., M.Ed. NIP. 197704142001122003

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v ABSTRACT

The present study entitled Woman Representation in Tangled Film aims at finding out and making meaning of the representation of woman in Tangled film. Utilizing a qualitative research, particularly descriptive method, the present study adopt Kellie Heintz and Mark Stracey’s (2006) film studies theory and women representation theory by Brittany N Maggiore (2003). There are a lot of studies about women representation but only few which discusses women representation using film studies. Therefore, this study highlights women representation from different perspective because this study uses a film as the subject of the research to see woman representation by using the language of film, such as camera shot, camera angle and mise en scene. From the analysis, there are three aspects which shows woman representation in Tangled film, namely Rapunzel’s physical appearance, personal traits, and her relation to other characters. Through the language of film, the woman representation in Tangled film is constructed in more detail because the element used by the filmmaker made the figure more highlighted. Meanwhile, the woman representation theory also strengthens the depiction of woman representation in Tangled film. This film offers a new portrayal of woman representation which showed a beautiful woman who has ability in language.

Keywords: camera angle, camera shot, film, film studies, mise en scene, Rapunzel, Tangled, woman, woman representation

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

ABSTRAK

Penelitian yang berjudul Woman Representation in Tangled Film bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memaknai penggambaran wanita dalam film Tangled. Menggunakan penelitian kualitatif khususnya metode deskriptif, penelitian ini mengadopsi teori film milik Kellie Heintz dan Mark Stracey (2006) dan teori penggambaran wanita milik Brittany N Maggiore (2003). Terdapat beberapa penelitian mengenai penggambaran wanita tetapi hanya sebagian kecil yang membahas hal menggunakan teori film. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memunculkan penggambaran wanita dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan film sebagai subjek utama untuk melihat penggambaran wanita menggunakan elemen – elemen film, seperti camera shot, camera angle dan mise en scene. Berdasarkan analisis, terdapat tiga spek yang menunjukan penggambaran wanita dalam film Tangled, diantaranya penampilan fisik Rapunzel, kepribadian Rapunzel dan hunungan Rapunzel terhadap karakter lain. Melalui elemen-elemen tersebut penggambaran wanita dalam film ini dibentuk secara rinci berdasarkan elemen yang digunakan oleh pembuat film sehingga lebih menonjolkan karakter tersebut. Sementara itu, teori penggambaran wanita mempertegas pengambaran Rapunzel dalam film ini. Film ini menawarkan penggambaran baru mengenai sosok wanita yang dimunculkan sebagai wanita cantik yang memiliki kemampuan dalam berbahasa.

Kata kunci: camera angle, camera shot, film, film studies, mise en scene, Rapunzel, Tangled, woman, woman representation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... i

PREFACE ... ii

ACKNOWLEDMENTS ... iii

ABSTRACT ... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Research Questions ... 5

1.3 Aims of the Study ... 5

1.4 Scope of the Study ... 5

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 6

1.6 Research Methodology ... 6

1.6.1 Data Collection ... 6

1.6.2 Data Analysis ... 7

1.7 Clarification of the Terms ... 7

1.8 Organization of Paper ... 8

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ... 10

2.1 Animated Film ... 10

2.2 Women Representation ... 13

2.3 The Language of Film ... 15

2.3.1 The Story ... 15

2.3.2 The Genre ... 16

2.3.3 The Camera 1: Shot ... 17

2.3.4 The Camera 2: Composition and Movement ... 18

2.3.5 Editing and Transitions ... 20

2.3.6 Mise en Scene ... 21

2.3.7 The Soundtrack ... 22

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 26

3.1 Research Questions ... 26

3.2 Research Subject and Context ... 26

3.3 Research Procedure ... 27

3.4 Data Collection ... 27

3.5 Data Analysis ... 27

3.6 Data Presentation ... 28

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 31

4.1 The Ways of Representing of Woman in Tangled film ... 31

4.1.1 Physical Appearances ... 31

4.1.2 Personal Traits ... 37

4.1.3 Rapunzel in the Relation to Other Characters ... 45

4.2 The Meaning of the Representation ... 50

4.3 Discussion ... 52

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ... 55

5.1 Conclusion ... 55

5.2 Suggestions ... 56

REFERENCES ... 57 APPENDIXES

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents general description of the study. It encompasses the background of the study, the research questions, the aims of the study, the scope of the study, significance of the study, methodology, clarification of terms, and organization of the study.

1.1Background of the Study

Klarer (1998) theorizes that classical literary forms are classified into three; namely, epic (prose), drama, and poetry. In term of definition, classical literary form itself is a term of literature that surpasses time and culture to have a universal appeal. However, the most recent contemporary literary theory says that film is included in the form of contemporary literature (Gunning, 2012). Similar to prose, film also has an element of mimesis namely representation of reality (Heintz & Stracey, 2006). Films are often made to show and convey something in the real reality by using other ways, such as stories and character in the film.

Films have their own features. Heintz and Stracey (2006) formulate six elements of the language of film namely, 1) the story, 2) the genre, 3) the camera shots, 4) composition and movement, 5) editing and transition, 6) mise en scene, and 7) the soundtrack. The first element, which is the story, happens when a character confronts a problem and tries deal with that problem. The second element is the genre which refers to the category or types that it fits.

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

The third element, the camera shot, is the most important piece of equipment in which filmmakers have at their disposal because it can affect the way of the viewers in viewing an object. The fourth element is composition and movement; both of them have a role in constructing the story since each elements is interrelated. The fifth element, editing and transition are the process of editing several materials of the film to fit into particular scenes and also the gradual change in the film images between shots. The sixth element is mise en scene that refers to all visual elements of a scene. The last element is the soundtrack or the music for a film. Clearly, those elements above play important roles in the process of filmmaking.

Bordwell and Thompson (2010) categorize film into three types namely, documentary, experimental, and animated film. Documentary film typically presents factual information about its subject such as, nature and compilation film. The next type is the experimental film, which can be identified from its efforts at self-expression or experimentation outside mainstream cinema. The last type is animated film. It has a distinct characteristic in the way is made; using drawing, models, or other subjects photograph, frame by frame to create illusory movement which never exists in front of the camera. In other words, animated film is a collection of images which is processed into moving images using computer techniques thus those images are living-like.

There are several latest research that have analyzed about film entitled Masculinity as Social Semiotic in Disney Animated Film by Robyn McCallum

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(2002), Sabrina Fischer (2010) in Powerful or Pretty: A Content Analysis of

Gender Images in Chlidren’s Animated Films, and Bethany Schounten (2011) in

Behind the Fair Facade: Representation of Femininity in Three Walt Disney Animated Features. Those studies use film as the subject for the research. Thus, the issues in several films can be analyzed by using variety theories. There are a lot of studies about women representation but only a few which discusses women representation using film studies theory. The issues about women representation are always interesting to be discussed especially the character of woman in films. Therefore, this study highlights women representation from different perspective because this study uses a film as the subject of the research to see woman representation by using the language of film, such as camera shot, camera angle and mise en scene.

This study uses Tangled film as the subject of the research. The main woman character in Tangled film is not the same as other woman in Walt Disney animated film. Although this film based on a fairy tales but Tangled film presents the main woman character a bit different from the typical woman character in Walt Disney, such as Cinderella, Snow White, Princess Jasmine and others. So that I want to study this Tangled film. Tangled is an animated film directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard from Walt Disney Studio. Tangled (2010), which is produced by Walt Disney Studio is one of Brother Grimm’s fairy tales that has been transformed into Disney version. It tells about a young girl named Rapunzel. She was a daughter of the king. When she was a baby, she was kidnapped by an old woman named Mother Gothel. It began when the queen was

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pregnant, she had very serious illness and the queen can only be cured by a magical flower. The existence of the magical flower was previously known by an old woman, Mother Gothel. She used the magical flower to stay alive and young. On the other side, the existences of the magical flower known by kingdom warriors and brought it to the kingdom. The Queen was recovered and gave birth to a beautiful blonde Princess named, Rapunzel. One day, Mother Gothel broke into the kingdom and found that the efficacy of the magical flower was on Rapunzel’s hair. Therefore, she kidnapped Rapunzel and hid her in a tall tower for years. Until one day she realized that Mother Gothel is not her biological mother. She only used the efficacy of Rapunzel’s hair to keep her looks young. She tried to escape from Mother Gothel but failed. Eventually, she was rescued by a handsome thief, Flynn Rider and Mother Gothel died. Then, Flynn Rider accompanied Rapunzel to see her parents and they all lived happily.

Generally, woman in Disney film such as Snow White, Cinderella, Princess Jasmine and others are rescued by their prince but Rapunzel is different from those figures. The struggle of Rapunzel in reaching her dream in this film produces a new portrayal of woman representation. To strengthen the woman representation in this film, the present study adopt Heintz and Stracey’s (2006) film studies theory and women representation theory by Maggiore (2003).

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1.2Research Questions

The present study is intended to answer the following research questions:

1. In what ways is woman represented through the main woman character in Tangled film?

2. What meaning can be made from these representations?

1.3Aims of the Study

Based on the research questions above, the study aims:

1. To find out the representation of woman in Tangled film.

2. To make meaning of the representation of woman in Tangled film.

1.4Scope of the Study

The scope of the study is an animated film entitled Tangled released on November 26th 2010, directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard from Walt Disney Picture is the main focus of investigate. This study focuses on analyzing the main woman character’s shots and dialogues in Tangled film. This study is limited to investigate how the character of Rapunzel is represented as woman and to make meaning of the representation of woman in Tangled film. In order to get the best finding, the study focuses on the depiction of Rapunzel’s character.

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1.5Significance of the Study

There are a lot of studies about women representation but only a few which discusses women representation using film studies. The findings of the study are expected to show woman representation in animated film using film studies theory. This present study is expected to give the readers a new perspective of how woman represented through the main woman character in Tangled film using the theory of film studies by Heintz & Stracey (2006) and women representation theory by Maggiore (2003). In addition, this study can be a reference for further study to find and explore more certain of women representation.

1.6Methodology

The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. According to McMichael Celia (2011) a qualitative method aims to provide an in-depth understanding of people’s experiences, behaviors, perspectives and histories in their personal circumstance or setting. Therefore, this study employs a qualitative descriptive method because the study relies on collecting, categorizing and analyzing the form of scenes, shots, and dialogues in order to answer the research questions.

1.6.1 Data Collection

The data were collected from Tangled film directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard. The data were presented in the forms of shots and dialogues that

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are purposively selected to answer the research questions. The data were collected by watching the film. In order to increase the best understanding of this study, the study also did the library research.

1.6.2 Data Analysis

The collected data such as scenes, shots, and dialogues were categorized and analyzed by using the framework of film studies as proposed by Heintnz and Stracey (2006). In addition, to see the woman representation the collected data were categorized and analyzed by using the framework of woman representation by Maggiore (2003).

1.7Clarification of Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the following is the clarification of terms used in this study:

1. Animated Film

Animated film is a technique where that has a distinct characteristic in the way is made; using drawing, models, or other subjects photograph, frame by frame to create illusory movement which never exists in front of the camera (Bordwell and Thompson, 2010)

2. Film Studies

Film studies are an effort to understand films and the processes through in which the films are made and consumed (Bordwell and Thompson, 2010)

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3. Mise en scene

Mise en scene refers to all visual elements of scene such as type of shots, camera angle and movement, setting and costumes (Heintz and Stracey, 2006)

4. Representation

The term representation refers to something that replicates an images, ideas or likeness of something else (Heintz and Stracey, 2006)

5. Shot

Shot refers to a series of frame that constructs a scene (Heintz and Stracey, 2006)

1.8Organization of the Paper

This study is organized into five chapters as follow: CHAPTER I

Chapter I discusses the general introduction of the study such as, the background of the study, the research questions, the aims of the study, the scope of the study, its significance, methodology, the clarification of terms, and the organization of the paper.

CHAPTER II

Chapter II consists of theoretical foundation in this study that provides a basic for conducting the research problems.

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CHAPTER III

Chapter III discusses further about the methodology of the study which consists of the research questions, the research subject and context, research procedures, data collection, data analysis, and data presentation in conducting the study.

CHAPTER IV

Chapter IV presents findings, analyses and discussion of findings which are related to the statement of the problems.

CHAPTER V

Chapter V presents the interpretation toward the result of the study in a form of conclusion and suggestion in accordance with the study.

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology which consists of the research questions, the research subject and context, research procedures, data collection, data analysis and data presentation.

3.1 Research Questions

The present study is intended to answer the following research questions:

1. In what ways is woman represented through the main woman character in Tangled film?

2. What meaning can be made from these representations?

3.2 The Research Subject and Context

The subject of the research is an animation film entitled Tangled directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard. This animation film is a Walt Disney Pictures’ 50th

full- length animated feature which is written by Dan Fogelman and as the executive producer is John Lasseter.

The research focuses on how the animation reveals the narrative of woman representation in Tangled film. The research will be analyzed using film studies theory from Heintz and Stracey (2006) while the theory of woman representation will be analyzed by using the theory from Maggiore (2003). However, the study

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only discusses few elements of the language of film such as camera shots, camera angle and mise en scene. It is due to the fact that these elements somehow are related to the analysis of woman representation in Tangled film.

3.3 Research Procedures

In gaining the aims of analyzing the data, the writer applies qualitative approach in descriptive form. The research employs a descriptive analysis, which is qualitative in nature. It is used to see and explore how a woman is represented in this animated film. The design is applied because it is considered appropriate for finding and describing the answers to the research questions.

3.4 Data Collection

The data were collected from the Tangled film which was directed by Nathan Greno, Byron Howard and written by Dan Fogelman. The data were presented in the form of scenes, shots and dialogues that are purposively selected to answer the research questions.

3.5 Data Analysis

The data were collected through watching Tangled film several times. In the first watching, the writer tried to select and categorize the scenes, shots and dialogues which present woman representation. Afterward the writer analyzed the data using the appropriate theories which were relevant to the subject. The research is analyzed using film studies theory from Heintz and Stracey (2006)

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while the theory of woman representation is analyzed by using the theory from Maggiore (2003).

3.6 Data Presentation

The categorized data are presented in the following table. The table covers the entire shot of Tangled film that expresses how woman is represented in Tangled film and its explanation.

Table of Data Presentation 3.1.1 Rapunzel’s Physical Appearances

(a) (b)

Explanation

The filmmaker uses medium shot and close-up shot on the shot above. Medium shot technique show the subject from the waist up in more detail. In figure (a) the filmmaker uses a medium shot technique in which create a more detail some parts of Rapunzel’s physical appearance. Meanwhile the close-up shot focuses on the figure’s face as the central attention and no background is visible. The camera on figure (b) shows a close-up shot of Rapunzel and gives the detail physical appearance of Rapunzel such as her big green eyes, natural pink lips, cute freckled nose, thin brown eyebrows and blonde hair. The filmmaker also strengthens Rapunzel’s physical appearance by using the mise en scene technique–lighting in the shot above. The back and key light create Rapunzel’s physical appearance more outstanding (Figure a & b).

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Table of Data Presentation 3.1.2 Rapunzel’s Personal Traits

(a) _(b)

(c) _(d)

Explanation

The shot evidenced above shows Rapunzel’s daily activities in her house. The shot presents that she can handle all the chores such as sweeping the floor, cooking, washing up, and laundry, etc. In this shot, the filmmaker uses the long and medium shot technique. The long shot technique helps the viewers to get a specific setting which supports for Rapunzel description traits such as setting of her house (a). The medium shot in figure (b) creates gesture and expression become more visible. Furthermore, the variety of lighting technique used in this shot above creates Rapunzel’s trait as independent woman in more detail. The key and fill light have made Rapunzel’s trait more natural (a & b).

The long shot technique used by the filmmaker refers to depict Rapunzel’s bravery recognizable (c). The mise en scene of setting in picture (c) shows that she can handle a stranger in her house by herself. The medium shot in picture (d)

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

creates Rapunzel’s expression of fear more clearly. Besides the camera shot, the mise en scene – lighting technique makes the figure natural. The backlight creates Rapunzel ability in protecting herself clearly recognizable (d). The back light makes the background of the shot appears darker and it creates a dramatic effect.

Table of Data Presentation 3.1.3

Rapunzel’s in the Relation to Other Characters

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Explanation

In the beginning of this section, it has been said that Rapunzel’s physical appearance is not necessarily attractive to other characters. Even though her physical appearance cannot attract other characters’ attention, but she has ability in language. The conversation which was in the medium shot shows that Flynn Rider is concerned with her language about the agreement (a). The medium shot below presents Rapunzel facial expression in more detail in order to make sure Flynn Rider about the agreement. The next shot; the depiction of Flynn Rider uses high angle shot; it makes Flynn Rider lacking of power than Rapunzel (b). Rapunzel’s ability in language not only occurs for human but also for animal around her. The shot below shows when Rapunzel make a conversation with her

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pet, Pascal. She said to Pascal that Flynn Rider can take her out of the tower. As an animal, Pascal trusts Rapunzel’s language. Besides Pascal, there is another animal who believes in Rapunzel’s language, named Maximus (c & d).

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Rahajeng Herningtyas Woro Utamie, 2013

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

This chapter presents the conclusion of the study which is based on the findings and discussion in the previous chapter. This chapter also presents the suggestion for further study based on the result of the study.

5.1 Conclusion

The aims of this present study are to find out the representation of woman in Tangled film; and to make meaning of the representation. Based on data the analysis result, there are three aspects which shows the woman representation in Tangled film; Rapunzel physical appearance, personal traits and her relation to other characters. These aspects show the woman representation through the language of film and the theory of woman representation. Tangled film is mediated in the course of the language of film, such as camera shot, camera angle and mise en scene. The use of multiple combination of the language of film gives different representation of woman and also creates special impression to the viewers.

Physically, Rapunzel is presented as a woman who has standard criteria of princess in the fairy tale, such as long blonde hair, big green eyes, natural pink lips, freckled nose, thin brown eyebrows, slim, white skin and skinny face. However, the physical appearance is not enough in presenting woman representation in Tangled film. It can be supported by Rapunzel’s personal traits

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and Rapunzel in the relation to other characters. Unlike other woman in some fairy tales which portrays as weak, passive and powerless, Rapunzel is presented as a woman who has different traits than other women. She is portrayed as independent woman, brave woman and has ability in language. It can be said that Rapunzel represent a new portrayal of woman which does not use her beauty to attract other characters but she attracts other characters in Tangled film by her ability in language.

The study concludes that the ways a woman is represented in this film through the language of film and woman representation theory create an alternative representation of woman which can be easily identified related to the present time, for example presenter, news anchor, radio announcer etc. This film is not prioritizing Rapunzel’s physical appearance but prioritizing Rapunzel’s ability in language in order to attract others.

5.2 Suggestion

The study suggests that an analysis of film in the department is still rare. The writer hopes that the department improves more in field of film studies. Furthermore, the study may provide the suggestion for Indonesia student to increase their ability in analyzing film by using film studies theory. This study is also expected to motivate future readers and researchers to better understand about how film can produce a unique result through language of film technique to the viewers.

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REFERENCES

Baker-S, L., & Grauerholz, L. (2003). The Pervasiveness and Persistence of The Feminine Beauty Ideal in Children‘s Fairy Tales. Gender and Society, 17(5), 711_726. Retrieved October 18, 2012, from

http://centerpointseniors.pbworks.com/f/beauty+and+fairy+tales.pdf

Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

Cherland, T. (2006). Female Representation in Children’s Literature. Retrieved October 18, 2012, from

http://www.ecclectica.ca/issues/2006/1/index.asp?Article=24

Finkelman, L. (December, 2011). The Brandeis Hoot: Impression. Waltham: Brandeis University's Community Newspaper Mass. Retrieved December 22, 2012, from http://thebrandeishoot.com/articles/11251

Gianneti, L. (2001). Understanding Movies (9 ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Gunning, T. (2012). Making Sense of Film. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/film/film.pdf

Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publication Ltd.

Hayward, S. (2006). Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, p. 182. New York: Routledge.

Heintz, K., & Stracey, M. (2006). Through the Lens. Melbourne: Cambridge. Klarer, M. (1998). An Introduction to Literary Studies. London: Routledge. Kuykendal, L. F., & Sturm, B. W. (2007). We Said Feminist Fairy Tales, Not

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Fractured fairy Tales!: The Construction of the Feminist Fairy Tale: Female Agency over Role Reversal. Children & Libraries, p.38-41.

Maggiore, B. N. (2003). Female Discrimination in Fairy Tales: A Feminist Critique. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from

http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/tales/03-2/extra_credit/maggiore-brittany_paper.pdf

McCallum, R. (2002). Masculinity as Social Semiotic: Identity Politics and Gender in Disney Animated Films, p. 116-132. New York: Routledge. McMichael, C. (2011). Ethnographic Research Method. Retrieved November 29,

2011, from c.mcmichael@latrobe.edu.au

MediaCollege.com. (2012). Shot Type. Retrieved November 22, 2012, from http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/

Schouten, B. (May, 2011). Behind the Fair Facade: Representation of Femininity in Three Walt Disney Animated Feature. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=Schouten%2C%20Bethany.%20( May%2C%202011).%20Behind%20the%20Fair%20Facade%3A%20Represe ntation%20of%20Femininity%20in%20Three%20Walt%20Disney%20Anim ated%20Feature.&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F %2Figitur-archive.library.uu.nl%2Fstudent-theses%2F2011-0809-200736%2FThesis%2520Behind%2520the%2520Fair%2520Facade%2C%25 20Bethany%2520Schouten.doc&ei=nYtSUtCREsbmiAe7n4HQCA&usg=AF QjCNF_vEQtU5cUN1Fqo_9Y3ny8L4uFnA&sig2=jhP49UNQ6KcBRQ3NIZ yzBA&bvm=bv.53537100,d.aGc

Tangled. (2010). Walt Disney Studios.

Toni. (2010). Stereotyping Prince and Princess in Fairy Tales. Retrieved October 22, 2012, from http://www.azcentral.com/families/articles/031fairytale13-CR.html

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WiseGeek. (2003). What is animation. Retrieved December 22, 2012, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-animation.htm

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

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is not prioritizing Rapunzel’s physical appearance but prioritizing Rapunzel’s

ability in language in order to attract others.

5.2 Suggestion

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REFERENCES

http://centerpointseniors.pbworks.com/f/beauty+and+fairy+tales.pdf

Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

Cherland, T. (2006). Female Representation in Children’s Literature. Retrieved October 18, 2012, from

http://www.ecclectica.ca/issues/2006/1/index.asp?Article=24

Finkelman, L. (December, 2011). The Brandeis Hoot: Impression. Waltham: Brandeis University's Community Newspaper Mass. Retrieved December 22, 2012, from http://thebrandeishoot.com/articles/11251

Gianneti, L. (2001). Understanding Movies (9 ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Gunning, T. (2012). Making Sense of Film. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/film/film.pdf

Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publication Ltd.

Hayward, S. (2006). Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, p. 182. New York: Routledge.

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Fractured fairy Tales!: The Construction of the Feminist Fairy Tale: Female Agency over Role Reversal. Children & Libraries, p.38-41.

Maggiore, B. N. (2003). Female Discrimination in Fairy Tales: A Feminist Critique. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from

http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/tales/03-2/extra_credit/maggiore-brittany_paper.pdf

2011, from c.mcmichael@latrobe.edu.au

MediaCollege.com. (2012). Shot Type. Retrieved November 22, 2012, from http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/

Tangled. (2010). Walt Disney Studios.

Toni. (2010). Stereotyping Prince and Princess in Fairy Tales. Retrieved October 22, 2012, from http://www.azcentral.com/families/articles/031fairytale13-CR.html

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WiseGeek. (2003). What is animation. Retrieved December 22, 2012, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-animation.htm

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM.

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM

English Education Department

Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

2013

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED

FILM

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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Dukungan

Links

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM.

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED FILM

English Education Department

Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

2013

WOMAN REPRESENTATION IN TANGLED

FILM

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Parts

Dokumen yang terkait

the Representation of American basic values and beliefs in Bratz film

The Representation Of American Parenting In Parental Guidance Film

Woman as Sexual Commodity Reflected in The Whistleblower Film

REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN’S LEARNING MOTIVATION IN LASKAR PELANGI FILM

HENRIK IBSEN’S A DOLL’S HOUSE WOMAN’S FIGURE REPRESENTATION IN THE VICTORIAN ERA

The Ideology in Brave Film through Representation of Princess Merida.

Social Bias of modern Society in Pretty Woman Film.

The Norm of Address In The Film Entitled Pretty Woman.

Representation of an “Angel in the House” and “Fallen Woman”

Representation Of Englishness In Skinhead Subculture In Shane Meadows’ Film This Is England

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