Analisis Petroleum System Berdasarkan Data Seismik dan Data Well Log Area Daramuning Cekungan Sumatera Selatan.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
SARI .....................................................................................................................
ii
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................
iii
KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR...........................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................
xi
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang...............................................................................
1
BAB II
1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan .......................................................................
2
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................
3
2.1 Geologi Regional Cekungan Sumatra Selatan ..............................
3
1.3 Lokasi dan Waktu .........................................................................
2
2.1.1 Tektonik Setting.................................................................
3
2.1.2.1 Basement (BSM) ................................................
7
2.1.2.3 Formasi Talang Akar (TAF)...............................
8
2.1.2.5 Formasi Gumai (GUF)........................................
9
2.1.2.7 Formasi Muara Enim (MEF) ..............................
9
2.1.2 Stratigrafi ...........................................................................
2.1.2.2 Formasi Lahat (LAF)..........................................
2.1.2.4 Formasi Baturaja (BRF) .....................................
2.1.2.6 Formasi Air Benakat (ABF) ...............................
6
8
8
9
2.1.2.8 Formasi Kasai (KAF) .........................................
10
2.2.1 Batuan Induk (Source Rock)..............................................
10
2.2.3 Migrasi...............................................................................
17
2.2 Konsep Sistem Petroleum..............................................................
2.2.2 Batuan Waduk (Reservoir) ................................................
2.2.4 Lapisan Tudung (Seal).......................................................
2.2.5 Perangkap ..........................................................................
vi
10
15
18
18
2.3 Seismik Stratigrafi ........................................................................
2.3.1 Sikuen Seismik ..................................................................
2.3.2 Fasies Seismik ...................................................................
2.4 Well Log.........................................................................................
22
23
27
30
2.4.1 Jenis Wireline Log .............................................................
31
2.4.1.1.1 Gamma Ray Log .................................
32
2.4.1.1.3 Neutron Log ........................................
33
2.4.1.1 Log Radioaktif.....................................................
2.4.1.1.2 Density Log .........................................
2.4.1.2 Log Listrik ...........................................................
31
33
34
2.4.1.2.1 Spontaneous Potential Log .................
35
2.4.1.3 Log Akustik .........................................................
37
2.4.1.2.2 Resistivity Log.....................................
36
2.4.1.3.1 Sonic Log ............................................
37
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................
42
3.1 Objek Penelitian ............................................................................
42
3.3 Jenis Data.......................................................................................
42
3.4.1 Analisis Data Sumur ..........................................................
45
3.4.2.1 Analisis Well-Seismik Tie ....................................
46
2.4.2 Pola Log.............................................................................
3.2 Alat-Alat Penelitian .......................................................................
3.4 Langkah-Langkah Penelitian.........................................................
3.4.2 Analisis Data Seismik........................................................
38
42
43
45
3.4.2.2 Analisis Mis Tie Seismic......................................
46
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.................................
51
4.1 Analisa Data Sumur.......................................................................
51
3.4.2.3 Interpretasi Seismik .............................................
48
4.1.1 Sumur Kija.........................................................................
53
4.1.1.2 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
55
4.1.1.1 Formasi Lahat .....................................................
4.1.1.3 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
vii
53
56
4.1.1.4 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
4.1.2 Sumur Kawa ......................................................................
58
4.1.2.2 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
60
4.1.2.4 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
61
4.1.3 Sumur Gasar ......................................................................
62
4.1.3.2 Formasi Lahat ......................................................
62
4.1.2.1 Formasi Lahat ......................................................
4.1.2.3 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
4.1.2.5 Formasi Air Benakat............................................
4.1.3.1 Basement .............................................................
58
60
61
62
4.1.3.3 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
64
4.1.3.5 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
64
4.2.1 Well Seismic Tie.................................................................
65
4.2.2.1 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik X ..........................
67
4.1.3.4 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
4.2 Analisa dan Interpretasi Data Seismik ..........................................
4.2.2 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik ............................................
64
65
66
4.2.2.2 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik X2 ........................
69
4.3.1 Batuan Induk (Source Rock)..............................................
71
4.3.1.2 Kematangan (Maturity) .......................................
72
4.3.2 Batuan Waduk (Reservoir) ................................................
87
4.3.2.2 Batupasir Formasi Talang Akar...........................
79
4.3 Sistem Petroleum Area Daramuning .............................................
4.3.1.1 Potensi Batuan Induk...........................................
4.3.1.3 Tipe Kerogen .......................................................
4.3.2.1 Batupasir Gampingan Formasi Baturaja .............
71
71
76
77
4.3.3 Lapisan Tudung (Caprock)................................................
81
4.3.5 Perangkap ..........................................................................
83
4.3.4 Migrasi .............................................................................
BAB V
56
82
KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................
85
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................
88
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
1.1
2.1
2.2
Halaman
Lokasi yang menjadi objek penelitian ..................................................
Fase-fase tektonik pulau Sumatera (Pulunggono, 1992) ......................
Lima linieament berarah relatif WNW
ESE di Cekungan Sumatra
Selatan, terdiri dari empat hasil fase tektonik Jura Akhir
2
4
kapur
Awal dan satu hasil fase tektonik Miosen Awal. Linieament tersebut
di atas juga didukung dengan bukti singkapan batuan beku pada
jalur-jalurnya dengan umur yang sesuai. Dua linieament lainnya
2.3
yang berarah N
S merupakan hasil fase ekstensional........................
Contoh ilustasi perangkap struktur; A. Antiklin, B. Fault, C.
6
Saltdome ...............................................................................................
20
Contoh log radioaktif............................................................................
31
2.4
Pola seismik stratigrafi (Octavian Cateneanu, 2005) ...........................
2.6
Contoh log listrik ..................................................................................
35
Respon log gamma ray dan depositonal settings (Kendal, 1999).........
41
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.3
Jenis-jenis umum karakteristik respon log (Kendal, 2004) ..................
Basemap berupa lintasan-lintasan seismik serta 6 buah sumur yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ..................................................................
Bagan alir penelitian.............................................................................
27
40
43
44
Analisis mis tie seismic.........................................................................
47
4.2
Proses well seismic tie menggunakan synthetic seismogram ..............
66
4.4
Lintasan seismik X2 .............................................................................
70
4.1
4.3
Basemap ...............................................................................................
Lintasan seismik X1 .............................................................................
4.5
Indeks Reflektansi Vitrinit terhadap kedalaman ..................................
4.7
Kitchen area Daramuning terletak di bagian Barat hingga Barat Laut
4.6
4.8
52
68
74
Indeks Reflektansi Vitrinit terhadap Indeks Hidrogen .........................
75
pada peta isochrone Basement - Gumai ...............................................
76
Kualitas reservoir Formasi Baturaja pada sumur Kija .........................
ix
78
4.9
Peta isopach Formasi Baturaja .............................................................
78
Peta isopach Formasi Talang Akar.......................................................
80
4.10
Kualitas reservoir Formasi Talang Akar pada sumur Kija ...................
4.12
Peta isopach Formasi Gumai................................................................
4.11
4.13
4.14
Lintasan penampang sesimik Z berarah Utara
Selatan present day ..
Lintasan Penampang seismik Z berarah Utara
Selatan dengan
4.16
81
82
melakukan flattening topFormasi Gumai menunjukkan arah Migrasi
yang bergerak dari daerah rendahan di Barat Laut ke daerah tinggian
4.15
80
di Tenggara pada kala Miosen..............................................................
83
closure-closure .....................................................................................
84
perangkap struktur berupa antiklin .......................................................
84
Perangkap-perangkap struktur pada area Daramuning berupa
Composite line seismic A
B dari gambar 4.17 menunjukkan
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Halaman
Kolom stratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera Selatan (modified by
Ryacudu, 2005).....................................................................................
7
Potensi source rock berdasarkan data pirolisis.....................................
12
Potensi source rock berdasarkan %TOC (Philippi, 1969)....................
Kematangan source rock berdasarkan Reflektansi Vitrinit (Ro)
12
(Tissot & Welte, 1984) .........................................................................
13
max) (Espitalie, 1977) ..........................................................................
13
Kematangan source rock berdasarkan Temperatur Maksimum (TKualitas source rock berdasarkan tipe kerogen (Dow, 1977, Tissot &
Welte, 1978, Barned et.al., 1981, Brooks, 1981, Palmer &
Zumberge, 1981). .................................................................................
14
Klasifikasi porositas batuan (Koesoemadinata, 1980) .........................
16
Tipe hidrokarbon berdasarkan nilai Indeks Hidrokarbon.....................
Well summary sumur Kija ....................................................................
Well summary sumur Kawa..................................................................
14
54
59
Well summary sumur Gasar..................................................................
63
Kematangan hidrokarbon sumur Kija...................................................
73
Potensi hidrokarbon sumur Kija ...........................................................
xi
72
Halaman
SARI .....................................................................................................................
ii
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................
iii
KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR...........................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................
xi
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang...............................................................................
1
BAB II
1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan .......................................................................
2
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................
3
2.1 Geologi Regional Cekungan Sumatra Selatan ..............................
3
1.3 Lokasi dan Waktu .........................................................................
2
2.1.1 Tektonik Setting.................................................................
3
2.1.2.1 Basement (BSM) ................................................
7
2.1.2.3 Formasi Talang Akar (TAF)...............................
8
2.1.2.5 Formasi Gumai (GUF)........................................
9
2.1.2.7 Formasi Muara Enim (MEF) ..............................
9
2.1.2 Stratigrafi ...........................................................................
2.1.2.2 Formasi Lahat (LAF)..........................................
2.1.2.4 Formasi Baturaja (BRF) .....................................
2.1.2.6 Formasi Air Benakat (ABF) ...............................
6
8
8
9
2.1.2.8 Formasi Kasai (KAF) .........................................
10
2.2.1 Batuan Induk (Source Rock)..............................................
10
2.2.3 Migrasi...............................................................................
17
2.2 Konsep Sistem Petroleum..............................................................
2.2.2 Batuan Waduk (Reservoir) ................................................
2.2.4 Lapisan Tudung (Seal).......................................................
2.2.5 Perangkap ..........................................................................
vi
10
15
18
18
2.3 Seismik Stratigrafi ........................................................................
2.3.1 Sikuen Seismik ..................................................................
2.3.2 Fasies Seismik ...................................................................
2.4 Well Log.........................................................................................
22
23
27
30
2.4.1 Jenis Wireline Log .............................................................
31
2.4.1.1.1 Gamma Ray Log .................................
32
2.4.1.1.3 Neutron Log ........................................
33
2.4.1.1 Log Radioaktif.....................................................
2.4.1.1.2 Density Log .........................................
2.4.1.2 Log Listrik ...........................................................
31
33
34
2.4.1.2.1 Spontaneous Potential Log .................
35
2.4.1.3 Log Akustik .........................................................
37
2.4.1.2.2 Resistivity Log.....................................
36
2.4.1.3.1 Sonic Log ............................................
37
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................
42
3.1 Objek Penelitian ............................................................................
42
3.3 Jenis Data.......................................................................................
42
3.4.1 Analisis Data Sumur ..........................................................
45
3.4.2.1 Analisis Well-Seismik Tie ....................................
46
2.4.2 Pola Log.............................................................................
3.2 Alat-Alat Penelitian .......................................................................
3.4 Langkah-Langkah Penelitian.........................................................
3.4.2 Analisis Data Seismik........................................................
38
42
43
45
3.4.2.2 Analisis Mis Tie Seismic......................................
46
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.................................
51
4.1 Analisa Data Sumur.......................................................................
51
3.4.2.3 Interpretasi Seismik .............................................
48
4.1.1 Sumur Kija.........................................................................
53
4.1.1.2 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
55
4.1.1.1 Formasi Lahat .....................................................
4.1.1.3 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
vii
53
56
4.1.1.4 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
4.1.2 Sumur Kawa ......................................................................
58
4.1.2.2 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
60
4.1.2.4 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
61
4.1.3 Sumur Gasar ......................................................................
62
4.1.3.2 Formasi Lahat ......................................................
62
4.1.2.1 Formasi Lahat ......................................................
4.1.2.3 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
4.1.2.5 Formasi Air Benakat............................................
4.1.3.1 Basement .............................................................
58
60
61
62
4.1.3.3 Formasi Talang Akar ...........................................
64
4.1.3.5 Formasi Gumai ....................................................
64
4.2.1 Well Seismic Tie.................................................................
65
4.2.2.1 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik X ..........................
67
4.1.3.4 Formasi Baturaja .................................................
4.2 Analisa dan Interpretasi Data Seismik ..........................................
4.2.2 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik ............................................
64
65
66
4.2.2.2 Interpretasi Lintasan Seismik X2 ........................
69
4.3.1 Batuan Induk (Source Rock)..............................................
71
4.3.1.2 Kematangan (Maturity) .......................................
72
4.3.2 Batuan Waduk (Reservoir) ................................................
87
4.3.2.2 Batupasir Formasi Talang Akar...........................
79
4.3 Sistem Petroleum Area Daramuning .............................................
4.3.1.1 Potensi Batuan Induk...........................................
4.3.1.3 Tipe Kerogen .......................................................
4.3.2.1 Batupasir Gampingan Formasi Baturaja .............
71
71
76
77
4.3.3 Lapisan Tudung (Caprock)................................................
81
4.3.5 Perangkap ..........................................................................
83
4.3.4 Migrasi .............................................................................
BAB V
56
82
KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................
85
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................
88
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
1.1
2.1
2.2
Halaman
Lokasi yang menjadi objek penelitian ..................................................
Fase-fase tektonik pulau Sumatera (Pulunggono, 1992) ......................
Lima linieament berarah relatif WNW
ESE di Cekungan Sumatra
Selatan, terdiri dari empat hasil fase tektonik Jura Akhir
2
4
kapur
Awal dan satu hasil fase tektonik Miosen Awal. Linieament tersebut
di atas juga didukung dengan bukti singkapan batuan beku pada
jalur-jalurnya dengan umur yang sesuai. Dua linieament lainnya
2.3
yang berarah N
S merupakan hasil fase ekstensional........................
Contoh ilustasi perangkap struktur; A. Antiklin, B. Fault, C.
6
Saltdome ...............................................................................................
20
Contoh log radioaktif............................................................................
31
2.4
Pola seismik stratigrafi (Octavian Cateneanu, 2005) ...........................
2.6
Contoh log listrik ..................................................................................
35
Respon log gamma ray dan depositonal settings (Kendal, 1999).........
41
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.3
Jenis-jenis umum karakteristik respon log (Kendal, 2004) ..................
Basemap berupa lintasan-lintasan seismik serta 6 buah sumur yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ..................................................................
Bagan alir penelitian.............................................................................
27
40
43
44
Analisis mis tie seismic.........................................................................
47
4.2
Proses well seismic tie menggunakan synthetic seismogram ..............
66
4.4
Lintasan seismik X2 .............................................................................
70
4.1
4.3
Basemap ...............................................................................................
Lintasan seismik X1 .............................................................................
4.5
Indeks Reflektansi Vitrinit terhadap kedalaman ..................................
4.7
Kitchen area Daramuning terletak di bagian Barat hingga Barat Laut
4.6
4.8
52
68
74
Indeks Reflektansi Vitrinit terhadap Indeks Hidrogen .........................
75
pada peta isochrone Basement - Gumai ...............................................
76
Kualitas reservoir Formasi Baturaja pada sumur Kija .........................
ix
78
4.9
Peta isopach Formasi Baturaja .............................................................
78
Peta isopach Formasi Talang Akar.......................................................
80
4.10
Kualitas reservoir Formasi Talang Akar pada sumur Kija ...................
4.12
Peta isopach Formasi Gumai................................................................
4.11
4.13
4.14
Lintasan penampang sesimik Z berarah Utara
Selatan present day ..
Lintasan Penampang seismik Z berarah Utara
Selatan dengan
4.16
81
82
melakukan flattening topFormasi Gumai menunjukkan arah Migrasi
yang bergerak dari daerah rendahan di Barat Laut ke daerah tinggian
4.15
80
di Tenggara pada kala Miosen..............................................................
83
closure-closure .....................................................................................
84
perangkap struktur berupa antiklin .......................................................
84
Perangkap-perangkap struktur pada area Daramuning berupa
Composite line seismic A
B dari gambar 4.17 menunjukkan
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Halaman
Kolom stratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera Selatan (modified by
Ryacudu, 2005).....................................................................................
7
Potensi source rock berdasarkan data pirolisis.....................................
12
Potensi source rock berdasarkan %TOC (Philippi, 1969)....................
Kematangan source rock berdasarkan Reflektansi Vitrinit (Ro)
12
(Tissot & Welte, 1984) .........................................................................
13
max) (Espitalie, 1977) ..........................................................................
13
Kematangan source rock berdasarkan Temperatur Maksimum (TKualitas source rock berdasarkan tipe kerogen (Dow, 1977, Tissot &
Welte, 1978, Barned et.al., 1981, Brooks, 1981, Palmer &
Zumberge, 1981). .................................................................................
14
Klasifikasi porositas batuan (Koesoemadinata, 1980) .........................
16
Tipe hidrokarbon berdasarkan nilai Indeks Hidrokarbon.....................
Well summary sumur Kija ....................................................................
Well summary sumur Kawa..................................................................
14
54
59
Well summary sumur Gasar..................................................................
63
Kematangan hidrokarbon sumur Kija...................................................
73
Potensi hidrokarbon sumur Kija ...........................................................
xi
72