THE EFFECT OF CONCEPT MAP ON STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR ECOSYSTEM IN GRADE TEN SMA ISLAM AL ULUM TERPADU.
THE EFFECT OF CONCEPT MAP ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR
ECOSYSTEM IN GRADE TEN
SMA ISLAM AL ULUM TERPADU
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
By:
SYAMSIAH
409342031
Biology Bilingual Education
THESIS
Submited to Fulfil Requirement for
Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE FACULTY
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Robbil A’lamin….
First and foremost, praise and thanks to be Allah SWT, the almighty, who has granted
countless blessing, knowledge and opportunity to the writer, so that I have been finally able
to accomplish the thesis.
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of this thesis depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude
to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this thesis.
The writer hardly knows where to start expressing the gratitude but for sure the
gratitude goes to all those who have assisted her in the process of completing this thesis. it
would be impossible to list all names but several people deserve her sincere and special
thanks.
I would you like to show my greatest appreciation to Syarifuddin, M.Sc, Ph.D. as the
thesis supervisor. I can’t say thank you enough for her tremendous support and help. I feel
motivated and encouraged every time. I attend her meeting without her encouragement and
guidance this thesis would not have materialized.
I gratefully acknowledges the deepest gratitude to Drs Tri Harsono, M.Si, the head of
Biology Department, Prof.Dr.Herbet Sipahutar M.Si, M.Sc the coordinator of Bilingual
Program, Dr.Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si the secretary of coordinator of bilingual program and Mr
Syamsuddin for his administrative assistance.
I enormous appreciation is addressed to Dr. rer. nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si, Drs. Tri
Harsono, M. Si., Dr. Fauziyah Harahap, M.Si., as her examiners, for the valuable inputs to be
included in this thesis and generously spent precious tine in giving the guidance,
encouragement, suggestion, and comments for this thesis.
The writer gratefully acknowledges the deepest gratitude to Dra. Meida Nugrahalia,
M.Sc as the Academic Advisor.
I am indebted to Dr. Hasruddin, M.Pd and Drs. Lazuardi, M.Si as evaluator for her
research instruments, for their constructive comments and suggestion for the improvement of
this study. I also in enormous intellectual debt to all lectures of Biology Education Bilingual
Program, who has become my inspiration during the academic years and also during the
completion of this thesis.
Special thanks are extended to Nizamuddin S.Ag, headmaster of SMA Islam Al ulum
Medan, Biology teacher of grade ten , Dra Utari Manja, for the corporation during research.
iii
I am grateful for his constant support and help. Also to students class X-A and X-B
SMA Islam Alulum Medan.
Finally, she will forever indebted to my beloved parents Drs. M.Najamuddin LY and
Dra. Riswani N for having given her unfailing support and encouragement during the
academic year and the completion of this thesis, I also thank for all of my family give support
me to finished my education. Especially 11Th Family : Risnally Fitri S.Pd, Kamaruzaman S.H,
Abdullatif Rusdi S.Pd, Hafsah S.Pd, Zulfahmi, Syukriyah S.Pd, Ahmad Tohir, Siti Rahmah
S.Pd and my young brother Ahmadsyah Hasibuan.
Last but not least the guidance and support received from my community “RELANG”
Siti Indriyani, Devi wanie and Siti Aini N Siregar. Her also in everlasting of all my best
friends Siti Indriyani, Nurazizah, Ridwan Daulay, Kamalia and M. Bilal Anwar, And all
friends from biology Bilingual program class of 2009 for their friendship and corporation.
It would be difficult to find adequate words to convey how much she owes the people.
Lots of loves and thanks to all of you.
The writer has tired to finish this thesis as a good as possible, but she is aware there
are still many weaknesses of both content and grammar of this thesis.
Hopefully, this thesis would be useful to the reader. May Allah Bless Us
Medan, July 2013
The writer
Syamsiah
409342031
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Thesis Approval
Abstract
i
Acknowledgement
ii
Table Of Content
iii
List Of Figure
iv
List Of Table
v
List Of Appendix
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Problem Identification
3
1.3.Research Scope
3
1.4. Research Question
3
1.5.Research Objectives
4
1.6. Significances of Research
4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
5
2.1. Theoretical Framework
5
2.1.1. Learning
5
2.1.2 learning outcomes
5
2.1.3 Definition learning outcomes comparison
7
2.1.4. Concept map
7
2.1.5. Lecture
10
2.1.5.Principal Learning Material
12
2.2. Frame work
19
2.3. Hypothesis Formulation
19
iv
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
20
3.1. Location and time of research
20
3.2. Population and sample of research
20
3.3. Research Variable
20
3.4. Type and design of Research
20
3.5. Instrument to Collect The data
21
3.6. Procedure Of Research/ Research Instrument
24
3.6.1. Instrument testing
26
3.7. Analysis Data Technique
29
3.7.1. Normality Test
29
3.7.2. Homogeneity Test
29
3.7.3. Hypothesis Test
30
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Description of Data Research
32
4.1.1. Learning Achievement of Pretest Data
32
4.1.2. Learning Achievement of Posttest Data
33
4.2. Discussion of Research
35
4.3. Limitation of Research
37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusion
38
5.2. Suggestion
38
References
39
v
List of Table
Page
Table 1.1.Criteria Assesment
11
Table 2.1. Research Design
21
Table 3.1. Contribution of test
24
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 1.1. Scheme Of Concept Mapping
9
Figure 2.1. Ecosystem Environment
12
Figure 2.2. Food Chain
15
Figure 2.3 Food Web
16
Figure 2.4. Material Cycles and Energy Transfer. (above)
17
the flow of energy (lower) food pyramid
Figure 3.5. Scheme of research
23
vii
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Research Instruments Form Test Questions
41
And key Answer
46
Appendix 2.Syllabus
47
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Lecturer method meeting I
49
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Lecturer method meeting II
53
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Concept Map Meeting I
57
Appendix 3.Lesson Plan with Concept Map Meeting II
61
Appendix 4. Question number, Up group and Low group
65
Appendix 5. Validity
67
Appendix 6. Reliability
70
Appendix 7. Assessment Criteria
71
Appendix 8. Difficulty Index
72
Appendix 9. Difference Capacity test
74
Appendix 10. Calculation of validity, difference test and reliability
75
Appendix 11. Normality Test
77
Appendix 12.Raw Data
79
Appendix 13. Data Analysis
81
Appendix 16. Homogeinity Test
83
Appendix 17. Hypothesis Test
88
Appendix 18. F- Distribution
92
Appendix 19. Doccumentation
94
Appendix 20. Group Statistika
99
Appendix 21. Concept map
104
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1.Conclusion
There are several conclusion can be drawn :
1. Base on the result of Student learning outcome, we found there is a
significant effect of applying technique concept map on the student
learning outcome Ecosystem topic of the students class X SMA AL
ULUM MEDAN Academic year 2012/2013.
.
5.2.1. Recommendation
Having discussed the finding of this research, there are several suggestion
to be considered :
1. Biology teachers are encouraged to apply the technique concept map as
one of the biology teaching.
2. The result of this research can be a consideration for biology teacher in
order to develop teaching and learning process on biology subject, in
accordance to the improvement of students learning outcomes.
3. Teacher should actively assign students of bilingual or international class
to engage in learning activities . Learning evaluation tools can be a source
for developing their understanding on biological topic.
4. In order for this study can serve as a source of information for students or
other researchers who want to conduct similar research on time and
different objects.
REFERENCES
Amita Dhaaka,2012,Concept mapping : effective tool in biology teaching,2012
Arikunto,S., (2006), Research Procedure A Practical Approach, Rineka
Copyright, Jakarta
Asan, A. (2007). Concept Mapping in Science Class: A Case Study of fifth grade
students.
Asmin and Abil Mansyur.2012, Pengukuran dan penilaian hasil belajar dengan
analisis klasik dan modern,Larispa Indonesia, Medan
Ausubel, et all. (1978). Educationalpsychology: A cognitive view.
New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Blackwell, sarah, (2008) The effect of concept mapping on preservice teachers’
The journal of effective teaching – No.2.vol 8, The university Missisippi
Dahar, R. W., (1996), Theories of Learning, Faculty-Teachers' Training College
PublisherBandung. Bandung
Depdiknas, (2000), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Penerbit Balai Pustaka,
Jakarta
Djamarah, S., (2003), Teaching and Learning Strategy, Publisher Rineka
Copyright,Jakarta
Kozma, Robert, B. (1991). Learning with media. University Michigan,61(2),179212
Muhibbin, S., (2003), Psychology of Learning, King Grafindo Persada, Jakarta
Sagala, S., (2003), Concept and Meaning of Learning, Alfabeta, London
Silberman, M.2002, Active Learning: 101 Strategies Active, Bumimedia,
Yogyakarta
Sudjana.2002,Statistical method, Tarsito. Bandung
Trianto.2007, constructivist-oriented Innovative Learning Model, Performance
Library,Jakarta
William, LD, and Donald L. (2007) Strategy that motivates student learning. A
Unnique Review vol 2
ECOSYSTEM IN GRADE TEN
SMA ISLAM AL ULUM TERPADU
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
By:
SYAMSIAH
409342031
Biology Bilingual Education
THESIS
Submited to Fulfil Requirement for
Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE FACULTY
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Robbil A’lamin….
First and foremost, praise and thanks to be Allah SWT, the almighty, who has granted
countless blessing, knowledge and opportunity to the writer, so that I have been finally able
to accomplish the thesis.
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of this thesis depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude
to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this thesis.
The writer hardly knows where to start expressing the gratitude but for sure the
gratitude goes to all those who have assisted her in the process of completing this thesis. it
would be impossible to list all names but several people deserve her sincere and special
thanks.
I would you like to show my greatest appreciation to Syarifuddin, M.Sc, Ph.D. as the
thesis supervisor. I can’t say thank you enough for her tremendous support and help. I feel
motivated and encouraged every time. I attend her meeting without her encouragement and
guidance this thesis would not have materialized.
I gratefully acknowledges the deepest gratitude to Drs Tri Harsono, M.Si, the head of
Biology Department, Prof.Dr.Herbet Sipahutar M.Si, M.Sc the coordinator of Bilingual
Program, Dr.Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si the secretary of coordinator of bilingual program and Mr
Syamsuddin for his administrative assistance.
I enormous appreciation is addressed to Dr. rer. nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si, Drs. Tri
Harsono, M. Si., Dr. Fauziyah Harahap, M.Si., as her examiners, for the valuable inputs to be
included in this thesis and generously spent precious tine in giving the guidance,
encouragement, suggestion, and comments for this thesis.
The writer gratefully acknowledges the deepest gratitude to Dra. Meida Nugrahalia,
M.Sc as the Academic Advisor.
I am indebted to Dr. Hasruddin, M.Pd and Drs. Lazuardi, M.Si as evaluator for her
research instruments, for their constructive comments and suggestion for the improvement of
this study. I also in enormous intellectual debt to all lectures of Biology Education Bilingual
Program, who has become my inspiration during the academic years and also during the
completion of this thesis.
Special thanks are extended to Nizamuddin S.Ag, headmaster of SMA Islam Al ulum
Medan, Biology teacher of grade ten , Dra Utari Manja, for the corporation during research.
iii
I am grateful for his constant support and help. Also to students class X-A and X-B
SMA Islam Alulum Medan.
Finally, she will forever indebted to my beloved parents Drs. M.Najamuddin LY and
Dra. Riswani N for having given her unfailing support and encouragement during the
academic year and the completion of this thesis, I also thank for all of my family give support
me to finished my education. Especially 11Th Family : Risnally Fitri S.Pd, Kamaruzaman S.H,
Abdullatif Rusdi S.Pd, Hafsah S.Pd, Zulfahmi, Syukriyah S.Pd, Ahmad Tohir, Siti Rahmah
S.Pd and my young brother Ahmadsyah Hasibuan.
Last but not least the guidance and support received from my community “RELANG”
Siti Indriyani, Devi wanie and Siti Aini N Siregar. Her also in everlasting of all my best
friends Siti Indriyani, Nurazizah, Ridwan Daulay, Kamalia and M. Bilal Anwar, And all
friends from biology Bilingual program class of 2009 for their friendship and corporation.
It would be difficult to find adequate words to convey how much she owes the people.
Lots of loves and thanks to all of you.
The writer has tired to finish this thesis as a good as possible, but she is aware there
are still many weaknesses of both content and grammar of this thesis.
Hopefully, this thesis would be useful to the reader. May Allah Bless Us
Medan, July 2013
The writer
Syamsiah
409342031
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Thesis Approval
Abstract
i
Acknowledgement
ii
Table Of Content
iii
List Of Figure
iv
List Of Table
v
List Of Appendix
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Problem Identification
3
1.3.Research Scope
3
1.4. Research Question
3
1.5.Research Objectives
4
1.6. Significances of Research
4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
5
2.1. Theoretical Framework
5
2.1.1. Learning
5
2.1.2 learning outcomes
5
2.1.3 Definition learning outcomes comparison
7
2.1.4. Concept map
7
2.1.5. Lecture
10
2.1.5.Principal Learning Material
12
2.2. Frame work
19
2.3. Hypothesis Formulation
19
iv
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
20
3.1. Location and time of research
20
3.2. Population and sample of research
20
3.3. Research Variable
20
3.4. Type and design of Research
20
3.5. Instrument to Collect The data
21
3.6. Procedure Of Research/ Research Instrument
24
3.6.1. Instrument testing
26
3.7. Analysis Data Technique
29
3.7.1. Normality Test
29
3.7.2. Homogeneity Test
29
3.7.3. Hypothesis Test
30
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Description of Data Research
32
4.1.1. Learning Achievement of Pretest Data
32
4.1.2. Learning Achievement of Posttest Data
33
4.2. Discussion of Research
35
4.3. Limitation of Research
37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusion
38
5.2. Suggestion
38
References
39
v
List of Table
Page
Table 1.1.Criteria Assesment
11
Table 2.1. Research Design
21
Table 3.1. Contribution of test
24
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 1.1. Scheme Of Concept Mapping
9
Figure 2.1. Ecosystem Environment
12
Figure 2.2. Food Chain
15
Figure 2.3 Food Web
16
Figure 2.4. Material Cycles and Energy Transfer. (above)
17
the flow of energy (lower) food pyramid
Figure 3.5. Scheme of research
23
vii
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Research Instruments Form Test Questions
41
And key Answer
46
Appendix 2.Syllabus
47
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Lecturer method meeting I
49
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Lecturer method meeting II
53
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan with Concept Map Meeting I
57
Appendix 3.Lesson Plan with Concept Map Meeting II
61
Appendix 4. Question number, Up group and Low group
65
Appendix 5. Validity
67
Appendix 6. Reliability
70
Appendix 7. Assessment Criteria
71
Appendix 8. Difficulty Index
72
Appendix 9. Difference Capacity test
74
Appendix 10. Calculation of validity, difference test and reliability
75
Appendix 11. Normality Test
77
Appendix 12.Raw Data
79
Appendix 13. Data Analysis
81
Appendix 16. Homogeinity Test
83
Appendix 17. Hypothesis Test
88
Appendix 18. F- Distribution
92
Appendix 19. Doccumentation
94
Appendix 20. Group Statistika
99
Appendix 21. Concept map
104
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1.Conclusion
There are several conclusion can be drawn :
1. Base on the result of Student learning outcome, we found there is a
significant effect of applying technique concept map on the student
learning outcome Ecosystem topic of the students class X SMA AL
ULUM MEDAN Academic year 2012/2013.
.
5.2.1. Recommendation
Having discussed the finding of this research, there are several suggestion
to be considered :
1. Biology teachers are encouraged to apply the technique concept map as
one of the biology teaching.
2. The result of this research can be a consideration for biology teacher in
order to develop teaching and learning process on biology subject, in
accordance to the improvement of students learning outcomes.
3. Teacher should actively assign students of bilingual or international class
to engage in learning activities . Learning evaluation tools can be a source
for developing their understanding on biological topic.
4. In order for this study can serve as a source of information for students or
other researchers who want to conduct similar research on time and
different objects.
REFERENCES
Amita Dhaaka,2012,Concept mapping : effective tool in biology teaching,2012
Arikunto,S., (2006), Research Procedure A Practical Approach, Rineka
Copyright, Jakarta
Asan, A. (2007). Concept Mapping in Science Class: A Case Study of fifth grade
students.
Asmin and Abil Mansyur.2012, Pengukuran dan penilaian hasil belajar dengan
analisis klasik dan modern,Larispa Indonesia, Medan
Ausubel, et all. (1978). Educationalpsychology: A cognitive view.
New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Blackwell, sarah, (2008) The effect of concept mapping on preservice teachers’
The journal of effective teaching – No.2.vol 8, The university Missisippi
Dahar, R. W., (1996), Theories of Learning, Faculty-Teachers' Training College
PublisherBandung. Bandung
Depdiknas, (2000), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Penerbit Balai Pustaka,
Jakarta
Djamarah, S., (2003), Teaching and Learning Strategy, Publisher Rineka
Copyright,Jakarta
Kozma, Robert, B. (1991). Learning with media. University Michigan,61(2),179212
Muhibbin, S., (2003), Psychology of Learning, King Grafindo Persada, Jakarta
Sagala, S., (2003), Concept and Meaning of Learning, Alfabeta, London
Silberman, M.2002, Active Learning: 101 Strategies Active, Bumimedia,
Yogyakarta
Sudjana.2002,Statistical method, Tarsito. Bandung
Trianto.2007, constructivist-oriented Innovative Learning Model, Performance
Library,Jakarta
William, LD, and Donald L. (2007) Strategy that motivates student learning. A
Unnique Review vol 2