ASM MST 2013 lengkap
th
The 11
International
Conference on
Membrane Science
& Technology
"SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR
ENERGY, WATER & ENVIRONMENT"
27th - 29th Aug 2013
Seri Pacific Hotel
Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
© Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
Faculty of Petroluem & Renewable Energy Engineering (FPREE),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2013
All right reserved. No part ot trus publication may be produced, copied,
stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means
- electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise; without
prior permission in writing from the Advanced Membrane Technology
Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Petroleum & Renewable Energy
Engineering (FPREE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 8 I J to
Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia.
The 11th International Conference on Membrane Science &
Technology (MST 2013), Sustainable Technology for Energy, Water &
Environment, Seri Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 271h - 29th
Aug 2013, Organized by Universiti Teknoloqi Malaysia (UTM)
Published and printed by:
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
Faculty of Petroleum & Renewable Energy Engineering (FPREE),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81310 Skudai,
Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia.
Tel: +607-5535925/5581463
Fax: +607-5535925/5535807
Website: http://utm.my/amtec
Email: afauzi@utm.my
CONTENTS
Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Ministry of
Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia
i
(MOSTI)
Foreword by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
iii
Foreword by the Chairman of MST 2013
vi
Organizing Committee
vii
Conference Program
ix
List of Poster Presentations
xxii
List of Industrial Participants
xxv
Invited Speakers
xxvi
Abstract of invited Speakers
Contribution papers
Abstract of contribution papers
Acknowledgements
1
25
27
225
ADVISORY COMMITTEES
Zaini Ujang
Mohd Azraai Kassim
Anthony Gordon Fane
Wirote Youravong
I.G. Wenten
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Takeshi Matsura
H.G.L. Coster
Madzlan Aziz
Ariffin Samsuri
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES
Heru Susanto
Wang Rong
Neal Chung Tai-Shung
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Arun M lsloor
Mohammad M. Montazer-Rahmati
Mohamed Mahmoud El-Sayed
Nasef
Devaraj Veerasamy
Zularisam Bin Abd Wahid
Azmi Mohd Syariff
Zakaria B Man
Azeman Mustafa
Azman Shafawi
Nur Awanis bt. Hashim
Mohd lrfan Hatem bin Mohamed Dzahir
Rosli b. Md. lllias
Wan Ramli b. Wan Daud
Kang Li
Nurmin Bolong
Rosalam Sarbatly
SharifahAishah Syed A. Kadir
Mohamed Kheireddine b. Taieb Aroua
Azmi Rahmat
Mohammad Reza Mehrnia
Mojtaba Shariaty-niassa
Mohd. Ghazali Mohd. Nawawi
Meisam Tabatabaei
Anil K. Pabby
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
lnstitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
University of Ottawa, Canada
University of Sydney, Australia, Dean of College of
Engineering, University of Tehran,Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
National Institute of Technology Kamataka,India
University of Tehran, Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM), Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Imperial College, London
Universiti Sabah Malaysia, Malaysia
Universiti Sabah Malaysia, Malaysia
UniversitiTeknologi Mara
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
University of Tehran, Iran
University of Tehran, Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Maharashtra, India
vii
27th-29th August 2013
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Pre-Conference
th
26 Aug 2013 (Monday)
1600-1800
Pre-registration
Conference Day 1
th
27 Aug 2013 (Tuesday)
Registration
Welcoming speech by MST2013 Conference Chairman
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
MAIN HALL
0815-0930
0930-0945
0945-1045
Prof. Michael D. Guiver
Materials design for fuel cell ion exchange membranes
1045-1130
1130
1130-1200
1200-1215
1215-1230
Parallel Session I
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Dr. I. GedeWenten
Electrodeionization (EDI): State of the art
Chairperson: Prof. Abdul Latif Ahmad
Tea break/Poster preparation
Parallel Session II
Membrane for gas &vapor application
Chairperson: Dr. I. GedeWenten
Co-chairperson:Dr.NurAwanisHashim
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A022 Y. LukkaThuyavan
Prof. Kazukiyo Nagai
Polyimide Membranes Modified for Carbon
Dioxide Separation
Chairperson: Prof. Kazukiyo Nagai
Co-chairperson:Dr.HasrinahHasbullah
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A005 Amir Mansorizadeh
Parallel Session III
Membrane for fuel cell & energy,
environment application
Prof. T. S. Chung
Molecular Design of Membranes for Clean
Water and Clean Energy
Chairperson: Prof. T. S. Chung
Co-chairperson:Farhana Aziz
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A015 Evangeline Christina
Clarification of sufarcane fruit juice using
alginate/polyethersulfone blend ultrafiltration
membranes
Preparation of porous polyamide-imide Torlon
membranes for CO2 absorption: Effect of glycerol in
polymer dope
Performance of polyethersulfone-cellulose acetate
membrane blend on fluoride adsorption from
aqueous phase
A024 ReshmaLakra
A006 AzmanShafawi
A063 NadiahKhairulZaman
Novel ultrafiltration membrane technology for
separation of organic acids and reducing sugars
Challenges of producing membranes from lab/R&D
scale to commercial for CO2 separation from natural
Novel glucamine containing adsorbent based on
blended chitosan/poly(glycidyl methacrylate)
D
A
Y
1
1230-1245
1245-1300
1300-1400
1400-1430
from rice husk
gas
electrospunnanofibrous sheet
A026 T. Gajendran
A002 A. Y. Zahrim
A225 R. A. Azmi
Concentration of orange juice using
ultrafiltration employing biopolymer blend
polyethersulfone membrane
Treatment ofdye solution via low pressure
nanofiltration system
Membrane processing of crude palm oil by using
crosslinkedpolyvynilidene fluoride hollow fibre
membrane
A030 KhairulMuis B. Mohamed Yusof
A052 Kamal S. N. M.
A224 E. Yuliwati
Recovery of rubber from skim latex using
membrane technology
Fabrication of PDMS/PES membrane incorporated
with SAPO-44 Zeolite membrane for gas separation
Polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes for
refinery wastewater treatment: Effect of air gap
length on membrane morphology and performance
Prof. Takeshi Matsuura
Effect of surface pattern formation on
membrane fouling and its control in phase
inversion process
Chairperson: Prof. Takeshi Matsuura
Co-chairperson:Dr.NurminBolong
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
1430-1445
1430-1500
1500-1515
1515-1530
A049 N. H. Othman
LUNCH
Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud El-SayedNasef
Radiation grafted microfibrous sheets
containing functionalized
poly(glycidylmethacrylate) for environmental
applications
Chairperson: Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud ElSayedNasef
Co-chairperson: Dr.Mahesh Padaki
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A070 Zee Ying Yeo
Prof. M. JavaidZaidi
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films prepared by
layer by layer assembly for reverse osmosis
desalination
Chairperson: Prof. M. JayaidZaidi
Co-chairperson:Dr.Erna Yuliwati
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A019 R. Balamurali
The effect of membrane pre-treatment towards
the stability of refined palm oil
Effect of synthesis duration for the formation of
zeolite T membrane by secondary seeded growth
and its performance in CO2/CH4 gas separation
Influence of unsteady state dynamics on the
rejection of cadmium (II) by ultrafiltration
A054 A. W. Zularisam
A092 Atsushi Morisato
A020 R. Saranya
Effect of piper betle extract as anti-biofouling
Development of a large membrane module for CO2
removal from hydrocarbon gas and recovery of
hydrocarbon liquids
Development of adsorbents based mixed matrix
membranes for removal of heavy metals and
dissolved salts from textile industry effluent
A159 A. Moslehyani
Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
for oil-in-water emulsion separation
A074 Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
A044 NorulFatiha Mohamed Noah
New CO2 adsorbent with aminated poly(glycidyl
methacrylate) radiochemically grafted onto
polyethylene nonwoven sheets
Selective emulsion liquid membrane extraction of
palladium from simulated liquid waste solution
using D2EHPA as a mobile carrier
A069 Feras M. Kafiaha
A099 H. N. Mohammed
A059 S. C. Low
Preparation of
polysulfoneelectrospunnanofibers: effect of
electrospinning and solution parameters.
CO2 absorption in membrane contactor
usingpiperazine, monoethaolamine and
diethanolamine in membrane contactor: A mass
transfer and performance study
Studying the role of magnetite (Fe3O4) colloids
functionality on PES membrane in removing of
humic acid foulant using QCM-D
D
A
Y
1
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
1630-1645
1645-1700
1700-1715
1715-1730
1730-1745
1730-1800
A076 MantakaTauntong
A102 SinaGilassi
A061 T. M. Ting
Acetic acid removal of fish skin collagen by
ultrafiltration
An experimental investigation on permeability and
selectivity of PTFE membrane: A mixture of Methane
and Carbon Dioxide
New radiation grafted boron selective adsorbent
sheets containing poly(vinyl benzyl chloride)
functionalized with N-methyl-D-glucamine
A081 H. R. Rashidi
A109 BiruhShimekit
A086 Avin J. Kajekar
The application of hybrid physical pre-treatment
system for treatment of simulated batik
wastewater
Effect of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) concentration
on the morphological, thermal, crystalline and CO2
permeation properties of flat sheet dense PPO
polymeric membranes
Synthesis and characterization of novel PVDF/PANI
nanofiber membrane and its possible applications
for heavy metal rejection
A091 B. S. Ooi
A111 N. Dolmat
A107 AdhiKusmastuti
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)
hydrogel and its thermo-responsive properties
for polymer enhanced ultrafiltration
The effect of piperazine with Nmethyldiethanolamine in emulsion liquid membrane
for carbon dioxide removal
Emulsion liquid membrane for cadmium removal:
experimental results and model prediction
A094 R. Saranya
A120 F. A. Ismail
A117 EzaliaMohd. Fauzi
A comparative study on synthesized polymer
nanocomposite membranes for the treatment of
paper mill effluent
Synthesis and characterization of titania-13x
membrane for CO2 separation
Performance of ionic liquid on the extraction of
mercury using hollow fiber supported liquid
membrane (HFSLM)
A096 Rajesha Kumar
A216 NayefGhasem
A118 AzadehGhaee
Synthesis and characterization of novel water
soluble derivative of chitosan as an additive for
polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Absorption of CO2 from natural gas utilized gas-liquid
PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactors via
potassium gylcinate solvent
Chitosan/polyethersulfone composite
nanofiltration membrane for removal heavy metal
from wastewater
A097 A. Mataram
A127 N. Jusoh
A229Noor Hidayu Othman
Performance of electrospunnanofibers for water
filter application
Removal of bulk CO2 from methane with the
presence of heavy hydrocarbon using polyimide
membrane
Application of membrane technology for
degumming and deacidification of vegetable oils
refining
A098 N. A. Samsure
A134 Mohammad WashimUddin
A189 MyzairahHamdzah
Incorporation of silicon dioxide in the
preparation of PVDF hydrophilic membrane
Optimization of membrane preparation conditions
and effect of methanol on performance of a
facilitated transport membrane for natural gas
sweetening
Effect of sulfonation of polyethylene sheets on the
adsorption of Zinc (II)
A213 MuhamadZainiYunos
A068 W. Wongthep
A119 AzadehGhaee
Influence of inorganic additives on the
performance of polysulfone ultrafiltration
membrane
Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (Semi-IPN)
membranes prepared from epoxidized natural rubber
(ENR-50) and crosslinkedpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
(ENR50-inter-cross PDMS)
Synthesis and application of chitosan/cellulose
acetate composite membranes for Copper ions
removal from wastewater
A212 MuhamadZainiYunos
A105 AdilHatem Rashid
A214 Maisarah Mohamed Bazin
Investigation on the performance of
polysulfone/zinc oxide membrane: Effect of pore
forming agent
Separation of biobutanol from acetone-butanolethanol (ABE) fermentation mixtures by polymeric
membrane
Effect of starch addition on microstructure and
strength of ball clay membrane
Tea break/Poster session
D
A
Y
1
0830
0830-0900
0900-0915
0915-0930
0930-0945
1945-1000
1000-1015
Parallel Session I
Membrane for gas and vapor application
Prof. Matsuyama Hideto
Cutting-edge research at the membrane
center in Kobe University in Japan
Chairperson: Prof. Matsuyama Hideto
Co-chairperson:Dr.Surya Racha
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A142 HazlinaJunoh
Conference Day 2
th
28 Aug 2013 (Wednesday)
Parallel Session II
Membrane for fuel cell & energy, environment
application
Prof. WiroteYouravong
An enzymatic membrane reactor in production
of bioactive peptides used as nutraceutical and
functional foods
Chairperson: Prof. WiroteYouravong
Co-chairperson: Noor Maizura Ismail
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A051 Akhondi E.
Parallel Session III
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Prof. Wang Rong
Development of high performance PRO
hollow fiber membranes for salinity gradient
energy harvesting
Chairperson: Prof. Wang Rong
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mukhlis A. Rahman
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A055 A. W. Zularisam
Effect of heat treatment parameters on the
performance of asymmetric polyetherimide (PEI)
hollow fiber membrane for CO2/CH4 gas
separation
Optimization of operating conditions and energy
consumption of submerged hollow fiber membrane
systems with periodic backwash
Perspective of biofouling from batik effluent
A149 Suhaina M. Ibrahim
A028 RaisHanizamMadona
A104 A. A. Abdulkarim
Tailoring the pore size and gas separation
properties of organic/inorganic membranes
using 2,4,6-tris[3(triethoxysilyl)-1-propoxyl]1,3,5-triazine (Triazine) as a triple-silicon alkoxide
and comparison with mono and di-silicon
alkoxides
Desalination of seawater using polyamide reverse
osmosis (RO) membranes
Preparation and characterization of
polyethersulfone membrane containing zinc oxide
nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrollidone
A153 Haikal Mustafa
A045 Saren Qi
A110 DzetiFarhahMohshim
Powder preparation effect on oxygen
permeation flux of hollow fibre LSCF6428
ceramic perovskite membrane
Fabrication of forward osmosis membranes based on
layer-by-layer assembly
Effect of operating conditions on different
membrane types for removal of monoethanilamine
from wastewater
A154 SajidHussain Shah
A048 Ang Wei Lun
A112 SyazwanLiyanaSulaiman
Development of and highly hydrophobic
composite silica membrane system for high
temperature gas separation and applications
under steam environment
Integrated/hybrid membrane system as alternative
process in drinking water treatment plant and
pretreatment for reverse osmosis desalination plant
Synthesis of PVA/Chitosan/TiO2 beads
A161 M. Rezaei-Darzhandi
A057 Hosam A. Shawky
A115 RomchatRattanaoudom
Preparation of porous PVDF/Montmorillonite
hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane contactor
via a phase inversion method to capture CO2
Conceptual design and simulation of a small mobile
PV driven RO water desalination plant to be
deployed at the North West Coast of Egypt
Potential removal for high TDS wastewater from
petroleum-based industry
D
A
Y
2
1015-1030
1030-1045
1045-1100
A169 N.H. Nordin
A058 Dalia E.
A116 Nora’aini Ali
Preparation of asymmetric polysulfone/ZIF-8
mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation
Economic analysis of a stand-alone reverse osmosis
desalination unit powered by photovoltaics for
possible application in the North West Coast of Egypt
Flux decline in low-pressure ultrafiltration
membrane by surimi wash water: effect of
operating parameters
A175 N. M. Ismail
A072 AsifMatin
Characterization of polyethersulfone/Cloisite
15A mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4
separation
Surface modification of RO membranes used for
seawater desalination
A221 Mahesh Padaki
A164 A. K. Zulhairun
A078 Lei Shi
A129 Atiye Sadat Abednejad
Asymmetric Polysulfone-Cloisite 15A®
nanocomposite membrane for gas separation
Development of novel composite dual-layer
nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes for water
softening at low operation pressure
Wet ability improvement of polypropylene
membranes by PEG grafting
1100-1200
1200-1300
PSF/TiO2 composite membrane for chromium
removal and effect of acidic pH
Tea break/Poster session (Judging session)
MAIN HALL
Prof. Young Moo Lee
1300-1400
1400-1430
1430-1445
1445-1500
1500-1515
Thermally rearranged polymer membranes for gas separation
Chairperson: Prof. HamdaniSaidi
LUNCH
Prof. XiansheFeng
Prof. MojtabaShariaty-Niassa
Ir. B. P. Chow
Pressure-vacuum swing permeation: a novel
A comparative survey on
Greening of the palm oil milling industry
process mode for membrane separation of
Cu ion membrane adsorption from aqueous
gases
solution
Chairperson: Prof. XiansheFeng
Chairperson: Prof. MojtabaShariaty-niassa
Chairperson: Dr. JuhanaJaafar
Co-chairperson:Dr.MohdIrfanHatim
Co-chairperson:Dr.MasoudRahbariSisakht
Co-chairperson:MyzairahHamzah
Oral Session
Oral Session
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
(Pacific Ballroom C)
(Bunga Room)
A190 EbrahimAbouzari-Lotf
A082 Song Xiaoxiao
A198 Bolong N.
Preparation and gas separation properties of
novel polyoxadiazole containing noncoplanar
1,1’-thiobis(2-naphthoxy) groups
Energy recovery from the brines of seawater and
wastewater using thin-film nanofiber composite
pressure retarded osmosis membranes
Numerical estimation of hollow fiber membrane
for mobile water treatment
A192 S. A. Hashemifard
A084 Chang Liu
A137 Y. H. D. Alanezi
The reliability of the conventional gas
permeation testing method for characterizing
the porous asymmetric membranes
Fabrication of high performance hollow fiber
membrane using layer-by-layer deposition and
crosslinking on the lumen surface for niche
applications
Crossflow microfiltration of synthetic oily
wastewater using multi channel ceramic
membrane
A196 R. Naim
A095 SeemaShenvi
A140 C. S. Ong
Effects of additives on the structure and
performance of polyetherimide hollow
Study of PPEES/Chitosan composite membrane
crosslinked with tripolyphosphate
Preparation and characterization of PVDF-TiO2
composite membranes blended with different
D
A
Y
2
fibermembrane contactor for CO2 absorption
and stripping
1515-1530
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
1630-1645
1645-1700
1700-1715
1715-1730
1745-1800
2000-2300
molecular weights of PVP for oily wastewater
treatment using submerged membrane system
A205 Ali Kargari
A151 T. D. Kusworo
A141 NurulNabilahAminudin
Experimental study of hydrogen and methane
permeation through asymmetric PEI membranes
Effect of PEG on cellulose acetate membrane
morphology and nanofiltration performance for
water softening
Comparison study of effect of PEG and PVP as
additives on polysulfone (PSf) membrane structure
and performance
A206 Ali Kargari
A155 M. M. Zerafat
A143 D. Novin
Critical concentration of PEI in NMP as a criterion
for the preparation of asymmetric membranes
for gas separation
Mathematical modelling of nanofiltration-based
deionization processes in aqueous media
Effect of operating parameters on performance of
ultrafiltration (UF) to fractionate catfish protein
hydrolysate
A108 N. A. Ahmad
A160 D. Emadzadeh
A144 MohdRiduanJamalludin
Synthesis and characterization of
superhydrophobic alumina membrane with
different silanes chain
Study of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane
morphology by microscopic image analysis
The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the
performance of blend polysulfone (PSf) membrane
with rice husk silica (RHS)
A027 A. KazemiJoujili
A179 N. Misdan
A145 MuhamadFikriShohur
Separation of olefins from paraffins by
membrane contactor – A review
Study on the properties of polysulfone support
membrane and its relation to the TFC nanofiltration
membrane performance
Performance of Psf ultrafiltration membrane: Effect
of different nonsolvent in coagulation medium
A170 HazlinaJunoh
A021 T. Chidambaram
A147 SitiHawaMohamad
The development of exfoliated
SPEEK/Cloisitenanocomposite electrolyte
membrane by electrospinning
Sodium sulphate recovery using novel membranes in
the presence and absence of dye molecules
Membrane performance: TiO2 nanoparticles coated
on polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane
surface
A071 SantiKhoonsap
A166 N. A. A. Sani
A148 NazatulShimabintiAzmi
Nanocomposite membranes from PVA filled with
silica nanoparticles grafted with Poly(2hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (SiO2-g-PHEMA)
Performance of polyphenylsulfone solvent resistant
nanofiltration membrane: Effects of polymer
concentration, membrane pre-treatment and
operating pressure
Effect of sandwich configuration of ultrafiltration
membranes on POME treatment
A122 SiripornLarpkiattaworn
A100 Ng Law Yong
A157 Muhammad Said
PES membrane performance for TEG removal of
wastewater from natural gas separation process
Stability and performance study of polyethersulfone
membranes modified using polyelectrolytes
Optimization of NaOH as the cleaning agent of
polyethersufone (PES) membrane fouled by palm
oil mill effluent (POME)
A150 Serene Lock Sow Mun
A060 FatemehRoozbahani
A158 SirichaiKoonaphapdalert
Modeling of concurrent and countercurrent flow
hollow fiber membrane module for multicomponent system
Poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospunnanofibrous
scaffold with protein encapsulated for tissue
engineering applications
Effect of hydraulic retention time and bisphenol A
concentration on performance of membrane
bioreactor
A172 M. Ghanbari
A202 Lim MimMim
A056 A. W. Zularisam
CFD modelling of membrane channel: application
to gas separation
Electrospun biodegradable membranes for drug
delivery and tissue engineering applications
Causes and biological mitigation of biofouling in
MBR
Tea break
MST2013 GRAND DINNER/VVIP LAUNCHING
D
A
Y
2
Conference Day 3
th
29 Aug 2013 (Thursday)
MAIN HALL
0830-0930
Prof. Wang Rong
Development of high performance PRO hollow fiber membranes for salinity gradient energy harvesting
0930-1000
1000
1000-1030
1030-1045
1045-1100
1100-1115
1115-1130
1130-1145
Parallel Session I
Membrane for fuel cell & energy,
environment application
Prof. ArunIsloor
Chitosan and its derivatives as potential
materials for membrane technology
Chairperson: Prof. ArunIsloor
Cochairperson:Dr.SeyedAbdollatifHashemifard
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A001 Helen Morabi
Chairperson: Prof. Ir. Abdul WahabMohamad
Tea break
Parallel Session II
Membrane for gas &vapor application
Dr. Anil K. Pabby
Hollow fiber membrane contactor technology
in chemical and nuclear industry: current
status, challenges, and future perspectives
Chairperson: Dr. Anil K. Pabby
Co-chairperson:Dr.GholamrezaBakeri
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A032 Abdul Hakim M. Salem
Parallel Session III
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Prof. ArthanareeswaranGangasalam
Polymer modification for performance
enhanced membrane separations
Chairperson: Prof.
ArthanareeswaranGangasalam
Co-chairperson:RosmawatiNaim
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A162 N. A. MohdNazri
Industrial wastewater treatment in textile
industry-Nylon 6
Development and characterization of sago/PVA
blend membrane for recover of ethyl acetate from
water
Improved performance of PAN-based UF
membrane with PAN-g-PVA amphiphilic copolymer
A050 ThiamLeng Chew
A220 R. Surya Murali
A174 M. A. Mohamed
Development of Ba-SAPO-34 zeolite membrane
for separation of CO2 in the binary gas mixtures
Preparation and characterization of Pebax/zeolite
13X mixed matrix membranes for propanepropylene
The potential of cellulose-based photocatalytic
membrane for wastewater treatment application:
A review
A126 Zing-Yi Ooi
A128 Bolong N.
A176 Norafiqah Ismail
Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater
by an emulsion liquid membrane process
Zeta potential measurement of hollow fiber
membranes modified by negatively chargedmodifying macromolecule
Preparation and characterization of blends
polysulfone/polyphenylsulfone ultrafiltration
membranes for palm oil mill effluent treatment
A139 NorherdawatiKasim
A199 Fouzia T. Minhas
A180 R. Jamshidi
Potential of nanofiltration membrane in
groundwater treatment for drinking water
resources
Developing solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF)
membranes for treatment of dye solutions
Adsorptive removal of arsenite from contaminated
water solutions by PES/Fe-Mn binary oxide UF flat
sheet mixed matrix membrane
A156 N. A. Jalanni
A203 RohaidaChe Man
A171 N. A. M. Nor
Investigation of new polyester nanofiltration(NF)
Immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli using
A review study of nanofibers in
D
A
Y
3
1145-1200
1200-1215
1215-1230
1230-1245
membrane fouling with humic acid solution
hollow fiber membrane for improvement of
extracellular enzyme expression and cell viability
photocatalyticprocess
A079 NurulIzzati
A204 AlirezaKhademi
A183 YasamanSanayei
Separation of biobutanol using polymeric
membrane: A review
Classical design of experiments application on
submerged membrane ultrafiltration system for
refinery produced wastewater treatment
Modeling for biological treatment of reactive dye
(Cibacron yellow FN_2R) wastewater in SBR
systems
A167 E. Halakoo
A208 D. Veerasamy
A187 S. Ismail
The effect of SPEEK additive on
polyethersulfonenanofiltration membrane for
dye removal
Latices concentration via utralfiltration as a cleaner
processing technique
Fouling characteristics and cleaning of
ultrafiltration membranes in palm oil mill effluent
(POME) treatment
A184 Zahra ShariatiNiasar
A209 N. Shamsinar
A195 Chin Boon Ong
Removal of malathion from groundwater using
nanoadsorbents
Lysozyme recovery from chicken egg white proteins
using batch adsorption of cation exchange mixed
matrix membrane chromatography
Performance investigation of pilot study for
wastewater reclamation using ferric chloride as
coagulant
A123 Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman
A210 TzeChingOng
A197 HeruSusanto
Recovery of ionized nanosilver from wash water
using emulsion liquid membrane process
Drying Simulation for hygroscopic membrane
Membrane hydrophilization: towards low fouling
polymeric membranes
A211 MuhamadZainiYunos
A103 Ng Ching Yin
Effect of Zinc oxide on performance of ultrafiltration
membrane for humic acid separation
Fractionating the value-added product from
skimmed coconut milk using membrane separation
technique
1245-1300
1300-1400
1400-1430
1430-1445
1445-1500
LUNCH
Dr. Simon J. Shilton
Mass transfer and skin formation in hollow
fibre membranes for gas separation
Chairperson: Dr. Simon J. Shilton
Co-chairperson:Dr.HatijahBasri
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A047 Z. Khan
Chairperson: Dr. Lau WoeiJye
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mukhlis A. Rahman
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A080 Zhang Jinsong
Effects of nano particles on
sulfonatedpolyethersulfone membrane for fuel
cell application
Effect of process parameters on electro spun
polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and fiber mats
Feasibility of anaerobic membrane distillation
bioreactor (AnMDBR) for wastewater treatment
A017 Elakkiya E
A053 NorlisaHarruddin
A093 A. O. Imdakem
Comparison of various membrane performance
in microbial fuel cell for power generation
Behaviour study of microporous polypropylene
membrane development via thermally induced
phase separation
Simulation of heat and mass transfer in membrane
distillation (MD) processes: the effect of membrane
pore space description
Prof. Kang Li
Structural-controlled micro-tubular solid
oxide fuel cell via phase inversion technique
Chairperson: Prof. Kang Li
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A016 K. Sriram
D
A
Y
3
1500-1515
1515-1530
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
A023 Arjun Ramesh
A066 S. Shahaidah
A113 Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
Utilizing optimize imidazolium functionalized
polysulfone in a completely noble metal free
alkaline membrane fuel cell
Study of binding interaction in BPA-MIP flat sheet
membrane
Characterization of PTFE membranes for
membrane distillation using atomic force
microscopy
A029 MostafaGhasemi
A121 A. S. Noor Adila
A163 N. M. Mokhtar
Preparation of sulfonated polyether ether
ketone (SPEEK) and optimization of degree of
sulfonation for using at microbial fuel cell (MFC)
A review on spinning parameters in fabricating the
hollow fiber membrane
Effect of different additives on the performance of
PVDF hollow fiber membranes for textile
wastewater treatment using DCMD
A152 S.E. Rosli
A136 AlaminIdris
A185 M. N. A. Hawlader
Study of the variation of catalyst loading in
cathode for SPEEK/CSMM membrane in direct
methanol fuel cell (DMFC)
The grafting of γ ray pre-irradiated
polytetrafluoroethylene film membrane
Experimental study on a multi-stage air gap
membrane distillation (AGMD) unit
A178 H. ilbeygi
A087 F. Nufaiei
A186 S. O. Lai
Prediction and optimization of proton
conductivity for nanocomposite membrane using
response surface methodology
(PAN)/CNT electrospunnanofiber mats: effect of
concentration on the mechanical and surface
properties
Characteristic and performance of polyvinylidine
fluoride membranes blended with lithium chloride
in direct contact membrane distillation
A018 N. Samsudeen
A215 Chung Ying Tao
A114 Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
Influence of operating parameter on electricity
generation in microbial fuel cell during distillery
wastewater treatment
Membrane surface modification through UV-grafting
Separation of water-glycerol mixture using
sweeping gas membrane distillation
A025 Arjun Ramesh
Optimization of Imidazolium functionalized
polysulfone for use as anion exchange
membranes in fuel cell
1630-1700
CLOSING CEREMONY (ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATION AWARDS)
D
A
Y
3
LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATION
A031
A034
A035
A036
A037
A038
A039
A040
A041
A042
A043
A062
A067
A073
A075
A083
RosiahRohani
Synthesis and characterization of conducting nanofiltration membranes from polyaniline coated PVDF with tuneable permeation properties
A. Yoshida
Characterization and water 10ehavi sorption property of ABA-type triblock copolymer membranes derived from fluorine-containing polyimide
and polymethylmethacrylate
D. Tanaka
Effect of substituent groups on alcohol 10ehavi sorption property of POSS-containing polymer membranes
M. Kishida
Characterization and gas separation properties of polyimide/zeolite composite membranes containing sulfolane
M. Ichikawa
Preparation of ABA-type triblock copolymer membrane designed using fluorine-containing polyimide with high transparency and gas barrier
properties
M. Yamada
Effect of volatile organic compound on dissolved gas transport properties through poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) membranes
M. Kobayashi
Synthesis and Gas barrier properties of the crosslinked membrane with diacetylene group-containing polymer derived from ferulic acid
R. Shindo
Characterization and CO2separation property of polyimide composite membranes containing ionic liquid
S. Amanuma
Synthesis of UV-cured telechelic polyimide membranes with crosslinker
S. Ando
Synthesis and characterization of ABA-type triblockcopolymer membranes derived from polyimide macroinitiator with 10ehaviour10-containing
methacrylate
Y. Hayashi
Effect of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation on dissolved gas transport properties through poly(lactic acid) membranes
Farah Syuhada Abdul Halim
Preparation and characterization of 10ehaviou membrane electrode assembly
ThanitpornNarkkun
Water permeability and diffusivity in natural rubber grafted with polyvinyl alcohol (NR-g-PVA)
MuhammadameenHajihama
Concentration and desalination of protein derived from tuna cooking juice by nanofiltration
PenpornSriniworn
Separation of oligosaccharides from UF-pretreated tofu whey by nanofiltration
Nor Emma ErwinaWahab
Enhancement of gas separation performance of carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane with acid and alkali treatment
A088
A090
A106
A124
A125
A130
A131
A165
A168
A173
A181
A188
A191
A193
A194
A207
A217
A223
A226
Amir-Al-Ahmeda
Study the properties of polyethersulfone(PES) /polyetherimide(PEI) composite membranes
AbdellahAmmi Said
The effect of complexing agent through the exchange membranes
B. Darunee
The use of ceramic membranes for micro-filtration of Thai beverage made from Indian gooseberry fermentation broth
Oh Pei Ching
Effects of aluminosilicate mineral nano-clay fillers on polysulfone mixed matrix membrane for carbon dioxide removal
BanderBawareth
Membranes separation of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Amine/1-Decene
M. A. IndokNurulHasyimah
Ultrafiltration 11ehaviour of organic mixtures simulating sweetwater solutions: Influence of membrane surface and feed chemistry
N. Yousefimehr
Investigation on influence of volatile solvent ratio, shear stress, forced convection residence time on gas separation performance of asymmetric
polysulfone membrane
SitiMuniraJamil
A single step co-extrusion/co-sintering technique: A review
D. Emadzadeh
Neural networks simulation of thin-film nanocomposite membrane for brackish water desalination
H. Dzinun
The potential of photocatalytic membrane process in treating wastewater – A review
M. Rezaei-Darzhandi
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising PVDF polymer with dispersed montmorillonite clay particles for CO2absorption
KanungnuchKeawsupsak
Poly(lactic acid)/biodegradable polymer blends for the preparation of flat-sheet membrane
Muhammad Irfan
Carbon nanostructured ultra-filtration membrane
ArisaJaiyu
The effect of spinning parameters on pla hollow fiber membrane formation
WeerapongBootluck
Innovation of polymer coating machine for producing various pore sizes of composite polymer/ceramic membranes
W. N. W. Salleh
The effect of stabilization environment on the structure and gas permeation properties of carbon membrane
N. Bolong
Tongkat Ali extraction using hollow fiber membranes modified by negatively charged-modifying macromolecule
H. Hasbullah
Effect of co-solvent on Mindel S-1000 gas separation asymmetric membrane
Salina Abu Mansor
A227
A228
Enhancement of ceramic water filtration using synthesized rice husk particles
MohdRiduanJamalludin
The effect of synthetic silica to the ultrafiltration PSF membrane
NurafiqahRosman
The characteristic of synthesized zeolite Rice husk particles via different routes
POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES FOR
REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT: EFFECT OF AIR GAP
LENGTH ON MEMBRANE MORPHOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
E. Yuliwatia,*, A.F. Ismailb,c , A.S. Mohrunid ,T. Matsuurac,e
a
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Bina Darma, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
Tel. +62 (711) 515-679
b
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
c
Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai Johor, Malaysia
Tel. +60 (7) 553-5592; Fax: +60 (7) 558-1463
d
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Sriwijaya University, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Tel. +62 (711) 580-272
e
Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Membrane Research Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Ont., Canada KIN 6N5
*Corresponding author: erna_yuliwati@mail.binadarma.ac.id
Abstract
Effects of air gap length on outer surface morphology and filtration performance of
hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane have been studied.
Porous asymmetric hydrophilic PVDF membranes were prepared via a phase inversion
method, using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, lithium chloride monohydrate
(LiCl.H2O) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as inorganic additives. Submerged membrane
ultrafiltration was conducted using non-ionic solutes of different molecular weight and
refinery wastewater with constant suspended solid concentration. The comparison of the
performance and morphology was conducted between PVDF membranes of different air gap
length at 1, 4, 11, and 15 cm. The prepared membranes were characterizedthrough
observations of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force
microscopy (AFM), permeate flux measurement, and tensile propertytest.Average pore size
and surface porosity were calculated by the permeate flux in submerged membrane system. It
is resulted that the permeate flux is mainly determined by effective porosity.Moreover, the
average pore size and nodules size were increased, while outer surface membrane was being
smoother with increasing of air gap length. AFM analysis reveals that the air gap introduces
an elongation stress due to the gravity on the membrane surface. Under the air gap length of
11 cm, high permeate flux of 148.53 L/m2h and suspended solids removal of 99.82 % and
also relatively high mechanical strength of membrane can be simultaneously achieved. It is
concluded that there exists the best range of the air gap length for relatively high performance
of membrane.
Keywords: air gap length; roughness; pore size; porosity; flux.
A224-1
1.
Introduction
Synthetic membrane technology has grown up very fast and has received significant
attention from both academia and industry, since the first mention of hollow fiber membranes
in a series of patents by Mahon in 1966 and 1966b [1,2]. Nowadays, the hollow fiber
membrane configuration via phase inversion process is the most favored membrane geometry
in the most membrane applications. Hollow fibers have much larger surface area per unit
volume of the membrane module and hence offer higher productivity per unit volume. They
have also good flexibility in operation [3,4].
However, during membrane formation, the preparation of the hollow fibers often
requires more controlling parameters than those of flat sheet membranes (i.e. structure and
dimensions of the spinneret, viscosity and possibility of the spinning dope, nature of the
internal and external coagulants, flow rate of the bore fluid, dope extrusion rate, air gap
length, take-up speed, etc) [5]. Among the studies of membrane formation by the dry-jet wet
spinning process, the effects of air gap length on final hollow fiber membrane have been
investigated by many researchers [6-9]. However, the fabrication of a hollow fiber with
desirable performance is not trivial process and the effect on hollow fiber membrane
morphology and permeation process reported in the literatures often provide conflicting
observations. For instance, in spinning polysulfone hollow fibers, Aptel et al., (1985)
reported that the permeability decreased as the air gap length increased [10]. On the other
hand, it was reported by Kim et al., (1995) that air gap length had no impact on the
permselection properties of polysulfone hollow fibers [11]. Khayet (2003) was also
investigatedthat the separation factors of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fibers increases with
increasing the air gap distance; however, the air gap distance did not significantly affect the
permeation rate [12]. He attributed this fact to the increase of the skin layer thickness with
increasing the air gap length. In addition, air gap length also proved to be an easy and
powerful tool to tune the prem-selective properties of hollow fiber membranes during
spinning process.It has been also reported that the membrane spun from air gap length of 2030 cm exhibited very poor permeability, higher value of permeability were obtained from air
gap length of 10-15 cm and for lower air gap length the permeability was reduced drastically
[13]. Tsai et al. (2002) observed that the both inner and outer diameters decreased with
increase of the air gap distance. It was reported that the elongation stress due to gravity
A224-2
anneals the fiber caused the change of inner and outer diameter [14]. Khulbe et al. (2004) and
Khayet et al. (2009) have similar results when using polyetherimide (PEI) polymer and
polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer respectively [15,16]. It was explained that stress inside the
spinneret perpendicular to the fiber axis released when dope solution comes out from
spinneret. This will expand the fiber diameter, whereas the stress parallel to the fibers will
elongate the fiber and diminishing its diameter.
In this study, air gap length plays an essential role in the PVDF ultrafiltration
membrane preparation,meanwhile, all parameters were kept constant.The objective of this
study is to investigate the effects of air gap length on the morphological structure and
filtration efficiency of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Four varied
air gap lengthsof 1,4,7,and 15 cm wereused in order to produce different structure and
morphology of membrane. Based on this results obtained, it is expected to find out the
suitable PVDF membrane for preparation of hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane for refinery
produced wastewater treatment.
2.
Experimental
2.1. Materials
Ultrafiltration membranes have been prepared using Kynar®740 PVDF polymer
pellets were purchased from Arkema Inc. Philadelphia, USA. The solvent N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMAc, Aldrich Chemical) (Synthesis Grade, Merck, >99%) was used as
polymer solvent without further purification. Lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl.H2O) and
nanoparticles titanium dioxide (TiO2) were used as inorganic additives. Both chemical
additives were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Glycerol was purchased
from MERCK (Germany) and used as non-solvent for post treatment of membrane. In all
cases, tap water was used as the external coagulation bath medium in the spinning process.
2.2. Preparation of spinning dopes
A224-3
An amount of pre-dried (24 h oven dried at 50oC) PVDF pellets in ranging of 16 to
22 wt.%were weighed and poured into pre-weighed DMAc solvent. The mixtures were
stirred to ensure thorough wetting of polymer pellets, prior to the addition of appropriate
amounts of LiCl.H2O at 50 oC. TiO2 was then carefully added to the polymer dope mixtures,
which were continuously stirred for 48 h (IKA-20-W) at 500 rpm until a homogenous
solution was formed. The polymer solution was kept in a glass bottle and air bubbles formed
in the dope were removed using water aspirator for several hours.The fully dissolved polymer
solution was transferred to a glass reservoir, allowed to stand and degassed for 24 h at room
temperature prior to spinning process. Solution viscosity was measured using rheometer
(Bohlin Instrument Ltd.) at various temperatures between 25 and 50 oC.
2.3. Fabrication of hollow fiber membranes
2.3.1
Spinning parameters
In this study, hollow fiber membrane is produced through a dry-jet wet spinning
process. The membrane can be formed only in the appropriate conditions of all the spinning
parameters (i.e. dope extrusion rate, extrusion velocity from spinneret, take up speed, bore
fluid rate, and air gap length). The air gap length variable in the spinning system effects the
fiber geometry in terms of the inner diameter, outer diameter, wall thickness, and structure of
membrane sublayer. This may be attributed to the die swell of polymer macromolecules
when exiting from the spinneret due to the viscoelastic properties of the PVDF spinnning
dope. Furthermore, the gravity will influence the achievable in the spin line and introduces an
elongation stress on membrane and generally tends to decrease the membranes wall
thickness.
2.3.2
Dry-jet wet spinnning process
PVDF hollow fiber UF membranes were spun at room temperature by a dry-jet wet
spinning method. The spinning solutions were consisted of maintained PVDF concentration
of 19 wt.%, which were prepared at different air gap lengthof 1, 4, 11, and 15 cm. LiCl.H2O
and TiO2 were maintained at 5.2 wt % and 10 wt.% of the weight of PVDF, as shown in
Table 1 respectively. The hollow fiber spinning process by dry-jet wet phase inversion was
explained by Qinet al.,(2001); Ismail and Hassan (2006) [17,18]. The detailed spinning
parameters are listed in Table 1.
A224-4
Table 1 Spinning conditions of the hollow fiber membranes
Spinning condition
Value
Dope extrusion rate (ml/min)
4.20
Bore fluid
Distilled water
Bore fluid flow rate (ml/min)
1.40
External coagulant
Tap water
Air gap distance (cm)
1, 4, 11, 15
Spinneret od/id (mm)
1.10/0.55
Coagulation temperature ˚C
25
Room relative humidity (%)
70 − 75
The hollow fiber membranes were produced using the dope formulation solution
composed of PVDF/LiCl.H2O/TiO2 at different polymer concentration, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2.The air gap length condition for holow fiber membrane preparation
2.3.3
Membrane
PVDF concentration,
wt.%
PVDF/LiCl.H2O/TiO2ratio
in DMAc
Air gap length,
cm
PTL-19-1
19
19/0.98/1.95
1
PTL-19-4
19
19/0.98/1.95
4
PTL-19-11
19
19/0.98/1.95
11
PTL-19-15
19
19/0.98/1.95
15
Post-treatment
The spun fibers were cut in pieces of approximately 50 cm in length and then stored
in water bath at room temperature for at 1 day to remove the residual solvent. The fibers were
then soaked in the 20 wt.% glycerol aqueous solution bath for another 1 day in order to
prevent pore collapse or change of transport properties during drying at room temperature for
4 days, they were ready for making hollow fiber test bundles as mentioned in our previous
study by Yuliwati and Ismail (2011) and Yuliwati et al., (2011) [16,17}.
2.4
Filtration experiments
A224-5
The permeation flux and rejection of PVDF hollow fiber membranes for synthetized
refinery wastewater were measured by submerged ultrafiltration experimental equipment as
shown in Fig.1 [16]. An in-house produced U-shape hollow fiber module, with a filtration
area of 11.23 dm2, was submerged in prepared suspension in membrane reservoir with
volume of 14 L. A cross-flow stream was produced by air bubbling generated by a diffuser
situated underneath the submerged membrane module for mechanical cleaning of the
membrane module. The air bubbling flow rates per unit projection membrane area was set
constantly at 2.4mL/min in order to maintain proper turbulence. The filtration pressure was
supplied by a vacuum pump and controlled by a needle valve. Permeate flow rates were
continually recorded using flow meter respectively.
In order to conduct the studies at steady state, the hollow fiber membranes have to
compacted at a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of vacuum. The desired TMP was controlled
using the pressure regulator installed at the outlet of the membrane reservoir. TMP is the
driving force for the pressure-driven membrane process and is defined as the pressure
difference across the membrane,
TMP = �
�� +��
2
�‒ ��
(1)
where Pf is the feed pressure (bar), Pr is the retentate pressure (bar), and PP is the permeate
pressure (bar).
Membrane performance was tested with anin-house U-shape membrane bundle
having about 11.23dm2 of membrane surface area. Pure water flux was measured after the
flux was steady. The collected permeate can be recorded in terms of flux and rejection by the
expression as follows,
Jw =
V
At
(2)
whereJw is the pure water flux (L/m2 h), V is the permeate volume (m3), A is the membrane
surface area (m2), and t is the time to obtain the quantity (s).
A224-6
The values of Jw obtained from the experiments were converted to corresponding unit of m.s-1
during data analysis for better understanding. The pure water permeability coefficient, Lp was
then determined from the values of Jw versus the applied pressure for all the studied
membranes with the assumption of null value of the osmotic pressure, π.
Jw = Lp. ΔP
(3)
The second property of feed contained neutral solute-PEG with different MWs at a
concentration of 200 ppm. This feed solution was used for the characterization of MWCO of
a membrane. The solute rejection was determined based on the total organic carbon (TOC)
rejection determined by total organic carbon analyzer, TOC-VCSH/CSN (Shimadzu
Corporation). The third property of feed contained synthetic refinery wastewater at constant
concentration that based on mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 3 g/L.
The conductivity of refinery wastewater for the feed and permeate was measured using
conductivity meter (EC300, YSI Inc.). In order to determine the rejection, the effective solute
filtration efficiency, R (%) can be calculated using the following equation:
R = (1-
Cp
Cf
) x 100
(4)
WhereR is the rejection ultrafiltration process (%), Cpis the concentration of the permeate
(mg/L) and Cfis the concentration of the feed (mg/L).
2.6.
Characterizations
The morphological structures of the hollow fiber membranes were studied using field
emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6701F). The FESEM micrographs of the
cross section membranes were taken at certain magnifications. It produced photographs at the
analytical working distance of 10 nm.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the external and internal surfaces
of the prepared PVDF hollow fiber membranes. The AFM images were obtained over
A224-7
different areas of each hollow fiber membrane using a tapping mode Nanoscope III equipped
with 1553D scanner (SPA-300 HV,USA). In this study, scans were made on areas of 5 μm ×
5 μm. The AFM analysis software program allowed computation of various statistic related to
the surface roughness on predetermined scanned membrane area. To determine the pore sizes
and nodule sizes, cross-sectional line profiles were selec
The 11
International
Conference on
Membrane Science
& Technology
"SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR
ENERGY, WATER & ENVIRONMENT"
27th - 29th Aug 2013
Seri Pacific Hotel
Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
© Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
Faculty of Petroluem & Renewable Energy Engineering (FPREE),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2013
All right reserved. No part ot trus publication may be produced, copied,
stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means
- electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise; without
prior permission in writing from the Advanced Membrane Technology
Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Petroleum & Renewable Energy
Engineering (FPREE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 8 I J to
Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia.
The 11th International Conference on Membrane Science &
Technology (MST 2013), Sustainable Technology for Energy, Water &
Environment, Seri Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 271h - 29th
Aug 2013, Organized by Universiti Teknoloqi Malaysia (UTM)
Published and printed by:
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
Faculty of Petroleum & Renewable Energy Engineering (FPREE),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81310 Skudai,
Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia.
Tel: +607-5535925/5581463
Fax: +607-5535925/5535807
Website: http://utm.my/amtec
Email: afauzi@utm.my
CONTENTS
Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Ministry of
Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia
i
(MOSTI)
Foreword by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
iii
Foreword by the Chairman of MST 2013
vi
Organizing Committee
vii
Conference Program
ix
List of Poster Presentations
xxii
List of Industrial Participants
xxv
Invited Speakers
xxvi
Abstract of invited Speakers
Contribution papers
Abstract of contribution papers
Acknowledgements
1
25
27
225
ADVISORY COMMITTEES
Zaini Ujang
Mohd Azraai Kassim
Anthony Gordon Fane
Wirote Youravong
I.G. Wenten
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Takeshi Matsura
H.G.L. Coster
Madzlan Aziz
Ariffin Samsuri
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES
Heru Susanto
Wang Rong
Neal Chung Tai-Shung
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Arun M lsloor
Mohammad M. Montazer-Rahmati
Mohamed Mahmoud El-Sayed
Nasef
Devaraj Veerasamy
Zularisam Bin Abd Wahid
Azmi Mohd Syariff
Zakaria B Man
Azeman Mustafa
Azman Shafawi
Nur Awanis bt. Hashim
Mohd lrfan Hatem bin Mohamed Dzahir
Rosli b. Md. lllias
Wan Ramli b. Wan Daud
Kang Li
Nurmin Bolong
Rosalam Sarbatly
SharifahAishah Syed A. Kadir
Mohamed Kheireddine b. Taieb Aroua
Azmi Rahmat
Mohammad Reza Mehrnia
Mojtaba Shariaty-niassa
Mohd. Ghazali Mohd. Nawawi
Meisam Tabatabaei
Anil K. Pabby
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
lnstitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
University of Ottawa, Canada
University of Sydney, Australia, Dean of College of
Engineering, University of Tehran,Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia
National Institute of Technology Kamataka,India
University of Tehran, Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM), Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Imperial College, London
Universiti Sabah Malaysia, Malaysia
Universiti Sabah Malaysia, Malaysia
UniversitiTeknologi Mara
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
University of Tehran, Iran
University of Tehran, Iran
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Maharashtra, India
vii
27th-29th August 2013
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Pre-Conference
th
26 Aug 2013 (Monday)
1600-1800
Pre-registration
Conference Day 1
th
27 Aug 2013 (Tuesday)
Registration
Welcoming speech by MST2013 Conference Chairman
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
MAIN HALL
0815-0930
0930-0945
0945-1045
Prof. Michael D. Guiver
Materials design for fuel cell ion exchange membranes
1045-1130
1130
1130-1200
1200-1215
1215-1230
Parallel Session I
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Dr. I. GedeWenten
Electrodeionization (EDI): State of the art
Chairperson: Prof. Abdul Latif Ahmad
Tea break/Poster preparation
Parallel Session II
Membrane for gas &vapor application
Chairperson: Dr. I. GedeWenten
Co-chairperson:Dr.NurAwanisHashim
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A022 Y. LukkaThuyavan
Prof. Kazukiyo Nagai
Polyimide Membranes Modified for Carbon
Dioxide Separation
Chairperson: Prof. Kazukiyo Nagai
Co-chairperson:Dr.HasrinahHasbullah
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A005 Amir Mansorizadeh
Parallel Session III
Membrane for fuel cell & energy,
environment application
Prof. T. S. Chung
Molecular Design of Membranes for Clean
Water and Clean Energy
Chairperson: Prof. T. S. Chung
Co-chairperson:Farhana Aziz
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A015 Evangeline Christina
Clarification of sufarcane fruit juice using
alginate/polyethersulfone blend ultrafiltration
membranes
Preparation of porous polyamide-imide Torlon
membranes for CO2 absorption: Effect of glycerol in
polymer dope
Performance of polyethersulfone-cellulose acetate
membrane blend on fluoride adsorption from
aqueous phase
A024 ReshmaLakra
A006 AzmanShafawi
A063 NadiahKhairulZaman
Novel ultrafiltration membrane technology for
separation of organic acids and reducing sugars
Challenges of producing membranes from lab/R&D
scale to commercial for CO2 separation from natural
Novel glucamine containing adsorbent based on
blended chitosan/poly(glycidyl methacrylate)
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1
1230-1245
1245-1300
1300-1400
1400-1430
from rice husk
gas
electrospunnanofibrous sheet
A026 T. Gajendran
A002 A. Y. Zahrim
A225 R. A. Azmi
Concentration of orange juice using
ultrafiltration employing biopolymer blend
polyethersulfone membrane
Treatment ofdye solution via low pressure
nanofiltration system
Membrane processing of crude palm oil by using
crosslinkedpolyvynilidene fluoride hollow fibre
membrane
A030 KhairulMuis B. Mohamed Yusof
A052 Kamal S. N. M.
A224 E. Yuliwati
Recovery of rubber from skim latex using
membrane technology
Fabrication of PDMS/PES membrane incorporated
with SAPO-44 Zeolite membrane for gas separation
Polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes for
refinery wastewater treatment: Effect of air gap
length on membrane morphology and performance
Prof. Takeshi Matsuura
Effect of surface pattern formation on
membrane fouling and its control in phase
inversion process
Chairperson: Prof. Takeshi Matsuura
Co-chairperson:Dr.NurminBolong
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
1430-1445
1430-1500
1500-1515
1515-1530
A049 N. H. Othman
LUNCH
Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud El-SayedNasef
Radiation grafted microfibrous sheets
containing functionalized
poly(glycidylmethacrylate) for environmental
applications
Chairperson: Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud ElSayedNasef
Co-chairperson: Dr.Mahesh Padaki
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A070 Zee Ying Yeo
Prof. M. JavaidZaidi
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films prepared by
layer by layer assembly for reverse osmosis
desalination
Chairperson: Prof. M. JayaidZaidi
Co-chairperson:Dr.Erna Yuliwati
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A019 R. Balamurali
The effect of membrane pre-treatment towards
the stability of refined palm oil
Effect of synthesis duration for the formation of
zeolite T membrane by secondary seeded growth
and its performance in CO2/CH4 gas separation
Influence of unsteady state dynamics on the
rejection of cadmium (II) by ultrafiltration
A054 A. W. Zularisam
A092 Atsushi Morisato
A020 R. Saranya
Effect of piper betle extract as anti-biofouling
Development of a large membrane module for CO2
removal from hydrocarbon gas and recovery of
hydrocarbon liquids
Development of adsorbents based mixed matrix
membranes for removal of heavy metals and
dissolved salts from textile industry effluent
A159 A. Moslehyani
Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
for oil-in-water emulsion separation
A074 Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
A044 NorulFatiha Mohamed Noah
New CO2 adsorbent with aminated poly(glycidyl
methacrylate) radiochemically grafted onto
polyethylene nonwoven sheets
Selective emulsion liquid membrane extraction of
palladium from simulated liquid waste solution
using D2EHPA as a mobile carrier
A069 Feras M. Kafiaha
A099 H. N. Mohammed
A059 S. C. Low
Preparation of
polysulfoneelectrospunnanofibers: effect of
electrospinning and solution parameters.
CO2 absorption in membrane contactor
usingpiperazine, monoethaolamine and
diethanolamine in membrane contactor: A mass
transfer and performance study
Studying the role of magnetite (Fe3O4) colloids
functionality on PES membrane in removing of
humic acid foulant using QCM-D
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1
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
1630-1645
1645-1700
1700-1715
1715-1730
1730-1745
1730-1800
A076 MantakaTauntong
A102 SinaGilassi
A061 T. M. Ting
Acetic acid removal of fish skin collagen by
ultrafiltration
An experimental investigation on permeability and
selectivity of PTFE membrane: A mixture of Methane
and Carbon Dioxide
New radiation grafted boron selective adsorbent
sheets containing poly(vinyl benzyl chloride)
functionalized with N-methyl-D-glucamine
A081 H. R. Rashidi
A109 BiruhShimekit
A086 Avin J. Kajekar
The application of hybrid physical pre-treatment
system for treatment of simulated batik
wastewater
Effect of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) concentration
on the morphological, thermal, crystalline and CO2
permeation properties of flat sheet dense PPO
polymeric membranes
Synthesis and characterization of novel PVDF/PANI
nanofiber membrane and its possible applications
for heavy metal rejection
A091 B. S. Ooi
A111 N. Dolmat
A107 AdhiKusmastuti
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)
hydrogel and its thermo-responsive properties
for polymer enhanced ultrafiltration
The effect of piperazine with Nmethyldiethanolamine in emulsion liquid membrane
for carbon dioxide removal
Emulsion liquid membrane for cadmium removal:
experimental results and model prediction
A094 R. Saranya
A120 F. A. Ismail
A117 EzaliaMohd. Fauzi
A comparative study on synthesized polymer
nanocomposite membranes for the treatment of
paper mill effluent
Synthesis and characterization of titania-13x
membrane for CO2 separation
Performance of ionic liquid on the extraction of
mercury using hollow fiber supported liquid
membrane (HFSLM)
A096 Rajesha Kumar
A216 NayefGhasem
A118 AzadehGhaee
Synthesis and characterization of novel water
soluble derivative of chitosan as an additive for
polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Absorption of CO2 from natural gas utilized gas-liquid
PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactors via
potassium gylcinate solvent
Chitosan/polyethersulfone composite
nanofiltration membrane for removal heavy metal
from wastewater
A097 A. Mataram
A127 N. Jusoh
A229Noor Hidayu Othman
Performance of electrospunnanofibers for water
filter application
Removal of bulk CO2 from methane with the
presence of heavy hydrocarbon using polyimide
membrane
Application of membrane technology for
degumming and deacidification of vegetable oils
refining
A098 N. A. Samsure
A134 Mohammad WashimUddin
A189 MyzairahHamdzah
Incorporation of silicon dioxide in the
preparation of PVDF hydrophilic membrane
Optimization of membrane preparation conditions
and effect of methanol on performance of a
facilitated transport membrane for natural gas
sweetening
Effect of sulfonation of polyethylene sheets on the
adsorption of Zinc (II)
A213 MuhamadZainiYunos
A068 W. Wongthep
A119 AzadehGhaee
Influence of inorganic additives on the
performance of polysulfone ultrafiltration
membrane
Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (Semi-IPN)
membranes prepared from epoxidized natural rubber
(ENR-50) and crosslinkedpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
(ENR50-inter-cross PDMS)
Synthesis and application of chitosan/cellulose
acetate composite membranes for Copper ions
removal from wastewater
A212 MuhamadZainiYunos
A105 AdilHatem Rashid
A214 Maisarah Mohamed Bazin
Investigation on the performance of
polysulfone/zinc oxide membrane: Effect of pore
forming agent
Separation of biobutanol from acetone-butanolethanol (ABE) fermentation mixtures by polymeric
membrane
Effect of starch addition on microstructure and
strength of ball clay membrane
Tea break/Poster session
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1
0830
0830-0900
0900-0915
0915-0930
0930-0945
1945-1000
1000-1015
Parallel Session I
Membrane for gas and vapor application
Prof. Matsuyama Hideto
Cutting-edge research at the membrane
center in Kobe University in Japan
Chairperson: Prof. Matsuyama Hideto
Co-chairperson:Dr.Surya Racha
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A142 HazlinaJunoh
Conference Day 2
th
28 Aug 2013 (Wednesday)
Parallel Session II
Membrane for fuel cell & energy, environment
application
Prof. WiroteYouravong
An enzymatic membrane reactor in production
of bioactive peptides used as nutraceutical and
functional foods
Chairperson: Prof. WiroteYouravong
Co-chairperson: Noor Maizura Ismail
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A051 Akhondi E.
Parallel Session III
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Prof. Wang Rong
Development of high performance PRO
hollow fiber membranes for salinity gradient
energy harvesting
Chairperson: Prof. Wang Rong
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mukhlis A. Rahman
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A055 A. W. Zularisam
Effect of heat treatment parameters on the
performance of asymmetric polyetherimide (PEI)
hollow fiber membrane for CO2/CH4 gas
separation
Optimization of operating conditions and energy
consumption of submerged hollow fiber membrane
systems with periodic backwash
Perspective of biofouling from batik effluent
A149 Suhaina M. Ibrahim
A028 RaisHanizamMadona
A104 A. A. Abdulkarim
Tailoring the pore size and gas separation
properties of organic/inorganic membranes
using 2,4,6-tris[3(triethoxysilyl)-1-propoxyl]1,3,5-triazine (Triazine) as a triple-silicon alkoxide
and comparison with mono and di-silicon
alkoxides
Desalination of seawater using polyamide reverse
osmosis (RO) membranes
Preparation and characterization of
polyethersulfone membrane containing zinc oxide
nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrollidone
A153 Haikal Mustafa
A045 Saren Qi
A110 DzetiFarhahMohshim
Powder preparation effect on oxygen
permeation flux of hollow fibre LSCF6428
ceramic perovskite membrane
Fabrication of forward osmosis membranes based on
layer-by-layer assembly
Effect of operating conditions on different
membrane types for removal of monoethanilamine
from wastewater
A154 SajidHussain Shah
A048 Ang Wei Lun
A112 SyazwanLiyanaSulaiman
Development of and highly hydrophobic
composite silica membrane system for high
temperature gas separation and applications
under steam environment
Integrated/hybrid membrane system as alternative
process in drinking water treatment plant and
pretreatment for reverse osmosis desalination plant
Synthesis of PVA/Chitosan/TiO2 beads
A161 M. Rezaei-Darzhandi
A057 Hosam A. Shawky
A115 RomchatRattanaoudom
Preparation of porous PVDF/Montmorillonite
hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane contactor
via a phase inversion method to capture CO2
Conceptual design and simulation of a small mobile
PV driven RO water desalination plant to be
deployed at the North West Coast of Egypt
Potential removal for high TDS wastewater from
petroleum-based industry
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2
1015-1030
1030-1045
1045-1100
A169 N.H. Nordin
A058 Dalia E.
A116 Nora’aini Ali
Preparation of asymmetric polysulfone/ZIF-8
mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation
Economic analysis of a stand-alone reverse osmosis
desalination unit powered by photovoltaics for
possible application in the North West Coast of Egypt
Flux decline in low-pressure ultrafiltration
membrane by surimi wash water: effect of
operating parameters
A175 N. M. Ismail
A072 AsifMatin
Characterization of polyethersulfone/Cloisite
15A mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4
separation
Surface modification of RO membranes used for
seawater desalination
A221 Mahesh Padaki
A164 A. K. Zulhairun
A078 Lei Shi
A129 Atiye Sadat Abednejad
Asymmetric Polysulfone-Cloisite 15A®
nanocomposite membrane for gas separation
Development of novel composite dual-layer
nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes for water
softening at low operation pressure
Wet ability improvement of polypropylene
membranes by PEG grafting
1100-1200
1200-1300
PSF/TiO2 composite membrane for chromium
removal and effect of acidic pH
Tea break/Poster session (Judging session)
MAIN HALL
Prof. Young Moo Lee
1300-1400
1400-1430
1430-1445
1445-1500
1500-1515
Thermally rearranged polymer membranes for gas separation
Chairperson: Prof. HamdaniSaidi
LUNCH
Prof. XiansheFeng
Prof. MojtabaShariaty-Niassa
Ir. B. P. Chow
Pressure-vacuum swing permeation: a novel
A comparative survey on
Greening of the palm oil milling industry
process mode for membrane separation of
Cu ion membrane adsorption from aqueous
gases
solution
Chairperson: Prof. XiansheFeng
Chairperson: Prof. MojtabaShariaty-niassa
Chairperson: Dr. JuhanaJaafar
Co-chairperson:Dr.MohdIrfanHatim
Co-chairperson:Dr.MasoudRahbariSisakht
Co-chairperson:MyzairahHamzah
Oral Session
Oral Session
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
(Pacific Ballroom C)
(Bunga Room)
A190 EbrahimAbouzari-Lotf
A082 Song Xiaoxiao
A198 Bolong N.
Preparation and gas separation properties of
novel polyoxadiazole containing noncoplanar
1,1’-thiobis(2-naphthoxy) groups
Energy recovery from the brines of seawater and
wastewater using thin-film nanofiber composite
pressure retarded osmosis membranes
Numerical estimation of hollow fiber membrane
for mobile water treatment
A192 S. A. Hashemifard
A084 Chang Liu
A137 Y. H. D. Alanezi
The reliability of the conventional gas
permeation testing method for characterizing
the porous asymmetric membranes
Fabrication of high performance hollow fiber
membrane using layer-by-layer deposition and
crosslinking on the lumen surface for niche
applications
Crossflow microfiltration of synthetic oily
wastewater using multi channel ceramic
membrane
A196 R. Naim
A095 SeemaShenvi
A140 C. S. Ong
Effects of additives on the structure and
performance of polyetherimide hollow
Study of PPEES/Chitosan composite membrane
crosslinked with tripolyphosphate
Preparation and characterization of PVDF-TiO2
composite membranes blended with different
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2
fibermembrane contactor for CO2 absorption
and stripping
1515-1530
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
1630-1645
1645-1700
1700-1715
1715-1730
1745-1800
2000-2300
molecular weights of PVP for oily wastewater
treatment using submerged membrane system
A205 Ali Kargari
A151 T. D. Kusworo
A141 NurulNabilahAminudin
Experimental study of hydrogen and methane
permeation through asymmetric PEI membranes
Effect of PEG on cellulose acetate membrane
morphology and nanofiltration performance for
water softening
Comparison study of effect of PEG and PVP as
additives on polysulfone (PSf) membrane structure
and performance
A206 Ali Kargari
A155 M. M. Zerafat
A143 D. Novin
Critical concentration of PEI in NMP as a criterion
for the preparation of asymmetric membranes
for gas separation
Mathematical modelling of nanofiltration-based
deionization processes in aqueous media
Effect of operating parameters on performance of
ultrafiltration (UF) to fractionate catfish protein
hydrolysate
A108 N. A. Ahmad
A160 D. Emadzadeh
A144 MohdRiduanJamalludin
Synthesis and characterization of
superhydrophobic alumina membrane with
different silanes chain
Study of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane
morphology by microscopic image analysis
The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the
performance of blend polysulfone (PSf) membrane
with rice husk silica (RHS)
A027 A. KazemiJoujili
A179 N. Misdan
A145 MuhamadFikriShohur
Separation of olefins from paraffins by
membrane contactor – A review
Study on the properties of polysulfone support
membrane and its relation to the TFC nanofiltration
membrane performance
Performance of Psf ultrafiltration membrane: Effect
of different nonsolvent in coagulation medium
A170 HazlinaJunoh
A021 T. Chidambaram
A147 SitiHawaMohamad
The development of exfoliated
SPEEK/Cloisitenanocomposite electrolyte
membrane by electrospinning
Sodium sulphate recovery using novel membranes in
the presence and absence of dye molecules
Membrane performance: TiO2 nanoparticles coated
on polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane
surface
A071 SantiKhoonsap
A166 N. A. A. Sani
A148 NazatulShimabintiAzmi
Nanocomposite membranes from PVA filled with
silica nanoparticles grafted with Poly(2hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (SiO2-g-PHEMA)
Performance of polyphenylsulfone solvent resistant
nanofiltration membrane: Effects of polymer
concentration, membrane pre-treatment and
operating pressure
Effect of sandwich configuration of ultrafiltration
membranes on POME treatment
A122 SiripornLarpkiattaworn
A100 Ng Law Yong
A157 Muhammad Said
PES membrane performance for TEG removal of
wastewater from natural gas separation process
Stability and performance study of polyethersulfone
membranes modified using polyelectrolytes
Optimization of NaOH as the cleaning agent of
polyethersufone (PES) membrane fouled by palm
oil mill effluent (POME)
A150 Serene Lock Sow Mun
A060 FatemehRoozbahani
A158 SirichaiKoonaphapdalert
Modeling of concurrent and countercurrent flow
hollow fiber membrane module for multicomponent system
Poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospunnanofibrous
scaffold with protein encapsulated for tissue
engineering applications
Effect of hydraulic retention time and bisphenol A
concentration on performance of membrane
bioreactor
A172 M. Ghanbari
A202 Lim MimMim
A056 A. W. Zularisam
CFD modelling of membrane channel: application
to gas separation
Electrospun biodegradable membranes for drug
delivery and tissue engineering applications
Causes and biological mitigation of biofouling in
MBR
Tea break
MST2013 GRAND DINNER/VVIP LAUNCHING
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2
Conference Day 3
th
29 Aug 2013 (Thursday)
MAIN HALL
0830-0930
Prof. Wang Rong
Development of high performance PRO hollow fiber membranes for salinity gradient energy harvesting
0930-1000
1000
1000-1030
1030-1045
1045-1100
1100-1115
1115-1130
1130-1145
Parallel Session I
Membrane for fuel cell & energy,
environment application
Prof. ArunIsloor
Chitosan and its derivatives as potential
materials for membrane technology
Chairperson: Prof. ArunIsloor
Cochairperson:Dr.SeyedAbdollatifHashemifard
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A001 Helen Morabi
Chairperson: Prof. Ir. Abdul WahabMohamad
Tea break
Parallel Session II
Membrane for gas &vapor application
Dr. Anil K. Pabby
Hollow fiber membrane contactor technology
in chemical and nuclear industry: current
status, challenges, and future perspectives
Chairperson: Dr. Anil K. Pabby
Co-chairperson:Dr.GholamrezaBakeri
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A032 Abdul Hakim M. Salem
Parallel Session III
Membrane for water & wastewater
application
Prof. ArthanareeswaranGangasalam
Polymer modification for performance
enhanced membrane separations
Chairperson: Prof.
ArthanareeswaranGangasalam
Co-chairperson:RosmawatiNaim
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A162 N. A. MohdNazri
Industrial wastewater treatment in textile
industry-Nylon 6
Development and characterization of sago/PVA
blend membrane for recover of ethyl acetate from
water
Improved performance of PAN-based UF
membrane with PAN-g-PVA amphiphilic copolymer
A050 ThiamLeng Chew
A220 R. Surya Murali
A174 M. A. Mohamed
Development of Ba-SAPO-34 zeolite membrane
for separation of CO2 in the binary gas mixtures
Preparation and characterization of Pebax/zeolite
13X mixed matrix membranes for propanepropylene
The potential of cellulose-based photocatalytic
membrane for wastewater treatment application:
A review
A126 Zing-Yi Ooi
A128 Bolong N.
A176 Norafiqah Ismail
Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater
by an emulsion liquid membrane process
Zeta potential measurement of hollow fiber
membranes modified by negatively chargedmodifying macromolecule
Preparation and characterization of blends
polysulfone/polyphenylsulfone ultrafiltration
membranes for palm oil mill effluent treatment
A139 NorherdawatiKasim
A199 Fouzia T. Minhas
A180 R. Jamshidi
Potential of nanofiltration membrane in
groundwater treatment for drinking water
resources
Developing solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF)
membranes for treatment of dye solutions
Adsorptive removal of arsenite from contaminated
water solutions by PES/Fe-Mn binary oxide UF flat
sheet mixed matrix membrane
A156 N. A. Jalanni
A203 RohaidaChe Man
A171 N. A. M. Nor
Investigation of new polyester nanofiltration(NF)
Immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli using
A review study of nanofibers in
D
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3
1145-1200
1200-1215
1215-1230
1230-1245
membrane fouling with humic acid solution
hollow fiber membrane for improvement of
extracellular enzyme expression and cell viability
photocatalyticprocess
A079 NurulIzzati
A204 AlirezaKhademi
A183 YasamanSanayei
Separation of biobutanol using polymeric
membrane: A review
Classical design of experiments application on
submerged membrane ultrafiltration system for
refinery produced wastewater treatment
Modeling for biological treatment of reactive dye
(Cibacron yellow FN_2R) wastewater in SBR
systems
A167 E. Halakoo
A208 D. Veerasamy
A187 S. Ismail
The effect of SPEEK additive on
polyethersulfonenanofiltration membrane for
dye removal
Latices concentration via utralfiltration as a cleaner
processing technique
Fouling characteristics and cleaning of
ultrafiltration membranes in palm oil mill effluent
(POME) treatment
A184 Zahra ShariatiNiasar
A209 N. Shamsinar
A195 Chin Boon Ong
Removal of malathion from groundwater using
nanoadsorbents
Lysozyme recovery from chicken egg white proteins
using batch adsorption of cation exchange mixed
matrix membrane chromatography
Performance investigation of pilot study for
wastewater reclamation using ferric chloride as
coagulant
A123 Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman
A210 TzeChingOng
A197 HeruSusanto
Recovery of ionized nanosilver from wash water
using emulsion liquid membrane process
Drying Simulation for hygroscopic membrane
Membrane hydrophilization: towards low fouling
polymeric membranes
A211 MuhamadZainiYunos
A103 Ng Ching Yin
Effect of Zinc oxide on performance of ultrafiltration
membrane for humic acid separation
Fractionating the value-added product from
skimmed coconut milk using membrane separation
technique
1245-1300
1300-1400
1400-1430
1430-1445
1445-1500
LUNCH
Dr. Simon J. Shilton
Mass transfer and skin formation in hollow
fibre membranes for gas separation
Chairperson: Dr. Simon J. Shilton
Co-chairperson:Dr.HatijahBasri
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom C)
A047 Z. Khan
Chairperson: Dr. Lau WoeiJye
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mukhlis A. Rahman
Oral Session
(Bunga Room)
A080 Zhang Jinsong
Effects of nano particles on
sulfonatedpolyethersulfone membrane for fuel
cell application
Effect of process parameters on electro spun
polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and fiber mats
Feasibility of anaerobic membrane distillation
bioreactor (AnMDBR) for wastewater treatment
A017 Elakkiya E
A053 NorlisaHarruddin
A093 A. O. Imdakem
Comparison of various membrane performance
in microbial fuel cell for power generation
Behaviour study of microporous polypropylene
membrane development via thermally induced
phase separation
Simulation of heat and mass transfer in membrane
distillation (MD) processes: the effect of membrane
pore space description
Prof. Kang Li
Structural-controlled micro-tubular solid
oxide fuel cell via phase inversion technique
Chairperson: Prof. Kang Li
Co-chairperson:Dr.Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan
Oral Session
(Pacific Ballroom A/B)
A016 K. Sriram
D
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3
1500-1515
1515-1530
1530-1545
1545-1600
1600-1615
1615-1630
A023 Arjun Ramesh
A066 S. Shahaidah
A113 Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
Utilizing optimize imidazolium functionalized
polysulfone in a completely noble metal free
alkaline membrane fuel cell
Study of binding interaction in BPA-MIP flat sheet
membrane
Characterization of PTFE membranes for
membrane distillation using atomic force
microscopy
A029 MostafaGhasemi
A121 A. S. Noor Adila
A163 N. M. Mokhtar
Preparation of sulfonated polyether ether
ketone (SPEEK) and optimization of degree of
sulfonation for using at microbial fuel cell (MFC)
A review on spinning parameters in fabricating the
hollow fiber membrane
Effect of different additives on the performance of
PVDF hollow fiber membranes for textile
wastewater treatment using DCMD
A152 S.E. Rosli
A136 AlaminIdris
A185 M. N. A. Hawlader
Study of the variation of catalyst loading in
cathode for SPEEK/CSMM membrane in direct
methanol fuel cell (DMFC)
The grafting of γ ray pre-irradiated
polytetrafluoroethylene film membrane
Experimental study on a multi-stage air gap
membrane distillation (AGMD) unit
A178 H. ilbeygi
A087 F. Nufaiei
A186 S. O. Lai
Prediction and optimization of proton
conductivity for nanocomposite membrane using
response surface methodology
(PAN)/CNT electrospunnanofiber mats: effect of
concentration on the mechanical and surface
properties
Characteristic and performance of polyvinylidine
fluoride membranes blended with lithium chloride
in direct contact membrane distillation
A018 N. Samsudeen
A215 Chung Ying Tao
A114 Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
Influence of operating parameter on electricity
generation in microbial fuel cell during distillery
wastewater treatment
Membrane surface modification through UV-grafting
Separation of water-glycerol mixture using
sweeping gas membrane distillation
A025 Arjun Ramesh
Optimization of Imidazolium functionalized
polysulfone for use as anion exchange
membranes in fuel cell
1630-1700
CLOSING CEREMONY (ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATION AWARDS)
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3
LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATION
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RosiahRohani
Synthesis and characterization of conducting nanofiltration membranes from polyaniline coated PVDF with tuneable permeation properties
A. Yoshida
Characterization and water 10ehavi sorption property of ABA-type triblock copolymer membranes derived from fluorine-containing polyimide
and polymethylmethacrylate
D. Tanaka
Effect of substituent groups on alcohol 10ehavi sorption property of POSS-containing polymer membranes
M. Kishida
Characterization and gas separation properties of polyimide/zeolite composite membranes containing sulfolane
M. Ichikawa
Preparation of ABA-type triblock copolymer membrane designed using fluorine-containing polyimide with high transparency and gas barrier
properties
M. Yamada
Effect of volatile organic compound on dissolved gas transport properties through poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) membranes
M. Kobayashi
Synthesis and Gas barrier properties of the crosslinked membrane with diacetylene group-containing polymer derived from ferulic acid
R. Shindo
Characterization and CO2separation property of polyimide composite membranes containing ionic liquid
S. Amanuma
Synthesis of UV-cured telechelic polyimide membranes with crosslinker
S. Ando
Synthesis and characterization of ABA-type triblockcopolymer membranes derived from polyimide macroinitiator with 10ehaviour10-containing
methacrylate
Y. Hayashi
Effect of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation on dissolved gas transport properties through poly(lactic acid) membranes
Farah Syuhada Abdul Halim
Preparation and characterization of 10ehaviou membrane electrode assembly
ThanitpornNarkkun
Water permeability and diffusivity in natural rubber grafted with polyvinyl alcohol (NR-g-PVA)
MuhammadameenHajihama
Concentration and desalination of protein derived from tuna cooking juice by nanofiltration
PenpornSriniworn
Separation of oligosaccharides from UF-pretreated tofu whey by nanofiltration
Nor Emma ErwinaWahab
Enhancement of gas separation performance of carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane with acid and alkali treatment
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A165
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Amir-Al-Ahmeda
Study the properties of polyethersulfone(PES) /polyetherimide(PEI) composite membranes
AbdellahAmmi Said
The effect of complexing agent through the exchange membranes
B. Darunee
The use of ceramic membranes for micro-filtration of Thai beverage made from Indian gooseberry fermentation broth
Oh Pei Ching
Effects of aluminosilicate mineral nano-clay fillers on polysulfone mixed matrix membrane for carbon dioxide removal
BanderBawareth
Membranes separation of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Amine/1-Decene
M. A. IndokNurulHasyimah
Ultrafiltration 11ehaviour of organic mixtures simulating sweetwater solutions: Influence of membrane surface and feed chemistry
N. Yousefimehr
Investigation on influence of volatile solvent ratio, shear stress, forced convection residence time on gas separation performance of asymmetric
polysulfone membrane
SitiMuniraJamil
A single step co-extrusion/co-sintering technique: A review
D. Emadzadeh
Neural networks simulation of thin-film nanocomposite membrane for brackish water desalination
H. Dzinun
The potential of photocatalytic membrane process in treating wastewater – A review
M. Rezaei-Darzhandi
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising PVDF polymer with dispersed montmorillonite clay particles for CO2absorption
KanungnuchKeawsupsak
Poly(lactic acid)/biodegradable polymer blends for the preparation of flat-sheet membrane
Muhammad Irfan
Carbon nanostructured ultra-filtration membrane
ArisaJaiyu
The effect of spinning parameters on pla hollow fiber membrane formation
WeerapongBootluck
Innovation of polymer coating machine for producing various pore sizes of composite polymer/ceramic membranes
W. N. W. Salleh
The effect of stabilization environment on the structure and gas permeation properties of carbon membrane
N. Bolong
Tongkat Ali extraction using hollow fiber membranes modified by negatively charged-modifying macromolecule
H. Hasbullah
Effect of co-solvent on Mindel S-1000 gas separation asymmetric membrane
Salina Abu Mansor
A227
A228
Enhancement of ceramic water filtration using synthesized rice husk particles
MohdRiduanJamalludin
The effect of synthetic silica to the ultrafiltration PSF membrane
NurafiqahRosman
The characteristic of synthesized zeolite Rice husk particles via different routes
POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES FOR
REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT: EFFECT OF AIR GAP
LENGTH ON MEMBRANE MORPHOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
E. Yuliwatia,*, A.F. Ismailb,c , A.S. Mohrunid ,T. Matsuurac,e
a
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Bina Darma, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
Tel. +62 (711) 515-679
b
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
c
Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai Johor, Malaysia
Tel. +60 (7) 553-5592; Fax: +60 (7) 558-1463
d
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Sriwijaya University, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Tel. +62 (711) 580-272
e
Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Membrane Research Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Ont., Canada KIN 6N5
*Corresponding author: erna_yuliwati@mail.binadarma.ac.id
Abstract
Effects of air gap length on outer surface morphology and filtration performance of
hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane have been studied.
Porous asymmetric hydrophilic PVDF membranes were prepared via a phase inversion
method, using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, lithium chloride monohydrate
(LiCl.H2O) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as inorganic additives. Submerged membrane
ultrafiltration was conducted using non-ionic solutes of different molecular weight and
refinery wastewater with constant suspended solid concentration. The comparison of the
performance and morphology was conducted between PVDF membranes of different air gap
length at 1, 4, 11, and 15 cm. The prepared membranes were characterizedthrough
observations of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force
microscopy (AFM), permeate flux measurement, and tensile propertytest.Average pore size
and surface porosity were calculated by the permeate flux in submerged membrane system. It
is resulted that the permeate flux is mainly determined by effective porosity.Moreover, the
average pore size and nodules size were increased, while outer surface membrane was being
smoother with increasing of air gap length. AFM analysis reveals that the air gap introduces
an elongation stress due to the gravity on the membrane surface. Under the air gap length of
11 cm, high permeate flux of 148.53 L/m2h and suspended solids removal of 99.82 % and
also relatively high mechanical strength of membrane can be simultaneously achieved. It is
concluded that there exists the best range of the air gap length for relatively high performance
of membrane.
Keywords: air gap length; roughness; pore size; porosity; flux.
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1.
Introduction
Synthetic membrane technology has grown up very fast and has received significant
attention from both academia and industry, since the first mention of hollow fiber membranes
in a series of patents by Mahon in 1966 and 1966b [1,2]. Nowadays, the hollow fiber
membrane configuration via phase inversion process is the most favored membrane geometry
in the most membrane applications. Hollow fibers have much larger surface area per unit
volume of the membrane module and hence offer higher productivity per unit volume. They
have also good flexibility in operation [3,4].
However, during membrane formation, the preparation of the hollow fibers often
requires more controlling parameters than those of flat sheet membranes (i.e. structure and
dimensions of the spinneret, viscosity and possibility of the spinning dope, nature of the
internal and external coagulants, flow rate of the bore fluid, dope extrusion rate, air gap
length, take-up speed, etc) [5]. Among the studies of membrane formation by the dry-jet wet
spinning process, the effects of air gap length on final hollow fiber membrane have been
investigated by many researchers [6-9]. However, the fabrication of a hollow fiber with
desirable performance is not trivial process and the effect on hollow fiber membrane
morphology and permeation process reported in the literatures often provide conflicting
observations. For instance, in spinning polysulfone hollow fibers, Aptel et al., (1985)
reported that the permeability decreased as the air gap length increased [10]. On the other
hand, it was reported by Kim et al., (1995) that air gap length had no impact on the
permselection properties of polysulfone hollow fibers [11]. Khayet (2003) was also
investigatedthat the separation factors of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fibers increases with
increasing the air gap distance; however, the air gap distance did not significantly affect the
permeation rate [12]. He attributed this fact to the increase of the skin layer thickness with
increasing the air gap length. In addition, air gap length also proved to be an easy and
powerful tool to tune the prem-selective properties of hollow fiber membranes during
spinning process.It has been also reported that the membrane spun from air gap length of 2030 cm exhibited very poor permeability, higher value of permeability were obtained from air
gap length of 10-15 cm and for lower air gap length the permeability was reduced drastically
[13]. Tsai et al. (2002) observed that the both inner and outer diameters decreased with
increase of the air gap distance. It was reported that the elongation stress due to gravity
A224-2
anneals the fiber caused the change of inner and outer diameter [14]. Khulbe et al. (2004) and
Khayet et al. (2009) have similar results when using polyetherimide (PEI) polymer and
polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer respectively [15,16]. It was explained that stress inside the
spinneret perpendicular to the fiber axis released when dope solution comes out from
spinneret. This will expand the fiber diameter, whereas the stress parallel to the fibers will
elongate the fiber and diminishing its diameter.
In this study, air gap length plays an essential role in the PVDF ultrafiltration
membrane preparation,meanwhile, all parameters were kept constant.The objective of this
study is to investigate the effects of air gap length on the morphological structure and
filtration efficiency of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Four varied
air gap lengthsof 1,4,7,and 15 cm wereused in order to produce different structure and
morphology of membrane. Based on this results obtained, it is expected to find out the
suitable PVDF membrane for preparation of hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane for refinery
produced wastewater treatment.
2.
Experimental
2.1. Materials
Ultrafiltration membranes have been prepared using Kynar®740 PVDF polymer
pellets were purchased from Arkema Inc. Philadelphia, USA. The solvent N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMAc, Aldrich Chemical) (Synthesis Grade, Merck, >99%) was used as
polymer solvent without further purification. Lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl.H2O) and
nanoparticles titanium dioxide (TiO2) were used as inorganic additives. Both chemical
additives were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Glycerol was purchased
from MERCK (Germany) and used as non-solvent for post treatment of membrane. In all
cases, tap water was used as the external coagulation bath medium in the spinning process.
2.2. Preparation of spinning dopes
A224-3
An amount of pre-dried (24 h oven dried at 50oC) PVDF pellets in ranging of 16 to
22 wt.%were weighed and poured into pre-weighed DMAc solvent. The mixtures were
stirred to ensure thorough wetting of polymer pellets, prior to the addition of appropriate
amounts of LiCl.H2O at 50 oC. TiO2 was then carefully added to the polymer dope mixtures,
which were continuously stirred for 48 h (IKA-20-W) at 500 rpm until a homogenous
solution was formed. The polymer solution was kept in a glass bottle and air bubbles formed
in the dope were removed using water aspirator for several hours.The fully dissolved polymer
solution was transferred to a glass reservoir, allowed to stand and degassed for 24 h at room
temperature prior to spinning process. Solution viscosity was measured using rheometer
(Bohlin Instrument Ltd.) at various temperatures between 25 and 50 oC.
2.3. Fabrication of hollow fiber membranes
2.3.1
Spinning parameters
In this study, hollow fiber membrane is produced through a dry-jet wet spinning
process. The membrane can be formed only in the appropriate conditions of all the spinning
parameters (i.e. dope extrusion rate, extrusion velocity from spinneret, take up speed, bore
fluid rate, and air gap length). The air gap length variable in the spinning system effects the
fiber geometry in terms of the inner diameter, outer diameter, wall thickness, and structure of
membrane sublayer. This may be attributed to the die swell of polymer macromolecules
when exiting from the spinneret due to the viscoelastic properties of the PVDF spinnning
dope. Furthermore, the gravity will influence the achievable in the spin line and introduces an
elongation stress on membrane and generally tends to decrease the membranes wall
thickness.
2.3.2
Dry-jet wet spinnning process
PVDF hollow fiber UF membranes were spun at room temperature by a dry-jet wet
spinning method. The spinning solutions were consisted of maintained PVDF concentration
of 19 wt.%, which were prepared at different air gap lengthof 1, 4, 11, and 15 cm. LiCl.H2O
and TiO2 were maintained at 5.2 wt % and 10 wt.% of the weight of PVDF, as shown in
Table 1 respectively. The hollow fiber spinning process by dry-jet wet phase inversion was
explained by Qinet al.,(2001); Ismail and Hassan (2006) [17,18]. The detailed spinning
parameters are listed in Table 1.
A224-4
Table 1 Spinning conditions of the hollow fiber membranes
Spinning condition
Value
Dope extrusion rate (ml/min)
4.20
Bore fluid
Distilled water
Bore fluid flow rate (ml/min)
1.40
External coagulant
Tap water
Air gap distance (cm)
1, 4, 11, 15
Spinneret od/id (mm)
1.10/0.55
Coagulation temperature ˚C
25
Room relative humidity (%)
70 − 75
The hollow fiber membranes were produced using the dope formulation solution
composed of PVDF/LiCl.H2O/TiO2 at different polymer concentration, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2.The air gap length condition for holow fiber membrane preparation
2.3.3
Membrane
PVDF concentration,
wt.%
PVDF/LiCl.H2O/TiO2ratio
in DMAc
Air gap length,
cm
PTL-19-1
19
19/0.98/1.95
1
PTL-19-4
19
19/0.98/1.95
4
PTL-19-11
19
19/0.98/1.95
11
PTL-19-15
19
19/0.98/1.95
15
Post-treatment
The spun fibers were cut in pieces of approximately 50 cm in length and then stored
in water bath at room temperature for at 1 day to remove the residual solvent. The fibers were
then soaked in the 20 wt.% glycerol aqueous solution bath for another 1 day in order to
prevent pore collapse or change of transport properties during drying at room temperature for
4 days, they were ready for making hollow fiber test bundles as mentioned in our previous
study by Yuliwati and Ismail (2011) and Yuliwati et al., (2011) [16,17}.
2.4
Filtration experiments
A224-5
The permeation flux and rejection of PVDF hollow fiber membranes for synthetized
refinery wastewater were measured by submerged ultrafiltration experimental equipment as
shown in Fig.1 [16]. An in-house produced U-shape hollow fiber module, with a filtration
area of 11.23 dm2, was submerged in prepared suspension in membrane reservoir with
volume of 14 L. A cross-flow stream was produced by air bubbling generated by a diffuser
situated underneath the submerged membrane module for mechanical cleaning of the
membrane module. The air bubbling flow rates per unit projection membrane area was set
constantly at 2.4mL/min in order to maintain proper turbulence. The filtration pressure was
supplied by a vacuum pump and controlled by a needle valve. Permeate flow rates were
continually recorded using flow meter respectively.
In order to conduct the studies at steady state, the hollow fiber membranes have to
compacted at a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of vacuum. The desired TMP was controlled
using the pressure regulator installed at the outlet of the membrane reservoir. TMP is the
driving force for the pressure-driven membrane process and is defined as the pressure
difference across the membrane,
TMP = �
�� +��
2
�‒ ��
(1)
where Pf is the feed pressure (bar), Pr is the retentate pressure (bar), and PP is the permeate
pressure (bar).
Membrane performance was tested with anin-house U-shape membrane bundle
having about 11.23dm2 of membrane surface area. Pure water flux was measured after the
flux was steady. The collected permeate can be recorded in terms of flux and rejection by the
expression as follows,
Jw =
V
At
(2)
whereJw is the pure water flux (L/m2 h), V is the permeate volume (m3), A is the membrane
surface area (m2), and t is the time to obtain the quantity (s).
A224-6
The values of Jw obtained from the experiments were converted to corresponding unit of m.s-1
during data analysis for better understanding. The pure water permeability coefficient, Lp was
then determined from the values of Jw versus the applied pressure for all the studied
membranes with the assumption of null value of the osmotic pressure, π.
Jw = Lp. ΔP
(3)
The second property of feed contained neutral solute-PEG with different MWs at a
concentration of 200 ppm. This feed solution was used for the characterization of MWCO of
a membrane. The solute rejection was determined based on the total organic carbon (TOC)
rejection determined by total organic carbon analyzer, TOC-VCSH/CSN (Shimadzu
Corporation). The third property of feed contained synthetic refinery wastewater at constant
concentration that based on mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 3 g/L.
The conductivity of refinery wastewater for the feed and permeate was measured using
conductivity meter (EC300, YSI Inc.). In order to determine the rejection, the effective solute
filtration efficiency, R (%) can be calculated using the following equation:
R = (1-
Cp
Cf
) x 100
(4)
WhereR is the rejection ultrafiltration process (%), Cpis the concentration of the permeate
(mg/L) and Cfis the concentration of the feed (mg/L).
2.6.
Characterizations
The morphological structures of the hollow fiber membranes were studied using field
emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6701F). The FESEM micrographs of the
cross section membranes were taken at certain magnifications. It produced photographs at the
analytical working distance of 10 nm.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the external and internal surfaces
of the prepared PVDF hollow fiber membranes. The AFM images were obtained over
A224-7
different areas of each hollow fiber membrane using a tapping mode Nanoscope III equipped
with 1553D scanner (SPA-300 HV,USA). In this study, scans were made on areas of 5 μm ×
5 μm. The AFM analysis software program allowed computation of various statistic related to
the surface roughness on predetermined scanned membrane area. To determine the pore sizes
and nodule sizes, cross-sectional line profiles were selec