Subordinations In Paulo Coelho’s Novel Brida
SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO’S NOVEL BRIDA
A THESIS
BY:
DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
Reg. No. 100705103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
1
SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO’S NOVEL BRIDA
A THESIS
BY
DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
REG. NUMBER: 100705103
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
NIP.195110131976031001
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
NIP. 195706261983032001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From
Department English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
vi
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19541117198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
vii
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on October 18th, 2016
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.
NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
___________________
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
___________________
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
___________________
Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed.TESOL
___________________
viii
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN, DECLARE THAT I AM THE
SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE.
NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS
HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN
ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: October 18th, 2016
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
TITLE OF THESIS : SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO’S NOVEL BRIDA
QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
I
AM
: ENGLISH
WILLING
REPRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
THAT
AT
OF
MY
THE
THESIS
SHOULD
DISCRETION
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
BE
AVAILABLE
OF
THE
LIBRARIAN
OF
CULTURAL
FOR
OF
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS
ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: October 18th, 2016
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The first time, I would like to thank Him, The Great Architect, for every single thing
in my life. For everything, My Lord.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Prof.
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A and my co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum, for their
willingness in sharing times and patience in guiding, correcting, and supervising this thesis.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Dr.Budi Agustono,
M.S as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies USU, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S as the
Head of English Department, Sir Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. PhD as the Secretary of
English Department, and “Kak Tika”. Thank you for all ofthose helps. Wish you good days to
live, always.
And I really want to say my deepest gratitude for my entire family,without exception,
who impatiently wait for my graduation. Sorry for everything Mom, Dad. For my brothers
and sisters in Clarabelle Choir, my big brother Isa, Ernest, Horas, thank you for those sweet
chances, times, and experiences. I can not be like this without all of you. Thank you so much,
really!
For my classmates and comrades that I can not mention one by one, I will be missing
all of you, really. My little brothers, Daniel, Haverius, Aldi, Erik, Dedhad, Anggi, Ibet, Raja
who really helped me a lot in doing this thesis, thanks a lot! Another little sisters and brothers
of mine, Daud, Dame and friends, Daniel, Husnul, Seno, Anmar, Teguh, Kevin, Dwi, all of
you, thank you very much for these laughs! This place will be more lonely without you guys,
Thank you!
For Omi. Thank you so much.Thank you for those sweet memories, chances,
everything, that we had spent together. Thank you for waiting. Sorry, for I can not be as good
as you expected me to be. Keep smiling and being cheerful always, Omi. Maybe we will not
see each other again. I will miss you so...
For my seniors that I loved, Petra, Chyma, Mora, Devi, thank you for those sweet
scenes and journeys. That was fun, really. Jemario and Robby, Alvin, whom I consider as my
own family, thank you very much.
vii
At last, Hajriani Sabri. A bless, a gift that has been given from Him to me, who
proudly love and patiently waiting for me, accepting me, thank you very much, really.Thank
you for being such a bless, Aji. Thank you for having faith in me. I could not be this kind of
person without you. I have learned so many sweet and great things about life from you. I feel
so special, thankful, for having this kind of heavenly relationship with the one as amazing as
you. I do not know what will be waiting for us later. Sorry for all of my mistakes,
imperfections, lovely. Sorry forbeing this far from where you are. I do miss you, really.
Please wait for me…
My Battleship. My Afterglow. I love you so.
Lets watch the flowers grow!
The Writer
Daniel Raymond W. P. Siahaan
Reg. No. 100705103
viii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Subordinations in Paulo Coelho’s Novel Brida”. Skripsi ini
berisi tentang definisi, bentuk dan fungsi subordinator dalam subordinasi yang ditemukan
didalam novel, dan dua jenis kalimat yang mengandung klausa terikat (anak klausa),
compound dan compound - complex sentence Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan dalam
menganalisis klausa bebas dan klausa terikat didalam subordinasi adalah teori yang
dikemukakan oleh Oshima (1999) dan Hancock (2005). Teori ini menjelaskan tentang
perangkat subordinasi, bentuk, dan jenis klausa yang dikategorikan kedalam tiga garis besar
klausa, yaitu klausa keterangan, klausa benda dan klausa sifat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
metode penelitian perpustakaan dan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kuantitaf
juga akan dipakai didalam menentukan tipe kalimat dengan anak klausa yang lebih dominan
digunakan dalam novel. Tahapan dalam metodologi dalam skripsi ini adalah tahapan
pengumpulan data, tahapan pengidentifikasian, tahapanpengklasifikasian, analisis data, dan
tahapan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun kesimpulan dari hasil analisis data dari skripsi ini
adalah bentuk klausa novel ini didominasi oleh klausa keterangan (Adverb Clause) dan tipe
kalimat Complex dengan persentasi 51% .
Kata Kunci : subordinasi, subordinator, klausa, bentuk, fungsi, kalimat.
ix
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled "Subordinations in Paulo Coelho's novel Brida". This thesis is
about the definition, form and function subordinator in subordination found in the novel, and
the two types of sentences that contain dependent clause, compound and compound complex sentence. Theories used as the basis of analyzing of independent and dependent
clause in subordination are theory by Oshima (1999) and Hancock (2005). These theories
describe the device of subordination (subordinator), and forms of clauses are categorized into
three kinds, ie adverb clause, noun clause, and adjective clause. Library research and
qualitative descriptive method are used in analysis, while quantitative descriptive method will
also be used in determining more dominant type of sentence between complex and compound
- complex sentence which are used in the novel. Stages in the methodology in this thesis are
the stages of data collection, identification stages, stages of classification, data analysis, and
stages of conclusion. The writer reach the conclusions from the analysis of data that Adverb
Clause is the most dominant subordinate clause form in the novel and Complex Sentence is
the most type of sentence with a percentage of 51%.
Keywords : subordination, subordinator, clause, form, function, sentence.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...................................................................................
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ...............................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study.................................................................
1.2 Problems of the Study ......................................................................
1
3
1.3 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................
4
1.4 Scope of the Study ...........................................................................
4
1.5 Significances of the Study ................................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Subordination in Sentences .............................................................
5
2.2 Adverb Clause .................................................................................
8
2.2.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
9
a. Clause of Time ..................................................................................
10
b. Clause of Place ..................................................................................
11
c. Clause of Reason ...............................................................................
11
d. Clause of Condition ..........................................................................
13
e. Clause of Result ................................................................................
13
f. Clause of Concession.........................................................................
14
xi
g. Clause of Comparison .......................................................................
14
2.2.2 Functions ......................................................................................
17
2.3 Noun Clause ....................................................................................
19
2.3.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
20
2.3.2 Functions ......................................................................................
21
2.4 Adjective Clause .............................................................................
22
2.4.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
22
a. Relative Pronouns .............................................................................
23
b. Relative Adverbs ............................................................................
24
2.4.2 Functions ......................................................................................
24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY
3.1 Research Method ............................................................................
26
3.2 Source of Data.................................................................................
27
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure ..............................................................
27
3.4 Data Analysis Procedure .................................................................
28
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Analysis...........................................................................................
29
4.1.1 Adverb Clause ..............................................................................
29
4.1.1.1 Forms ........................................................................................
29
a) Adverb Clause of Time .....................................................................
30
b) Adverb Clause of Place ....................................................................
32
c) Adverb Clause of Reason .................................................................
33
d) Adverb Clause of Condition .............................................................
34
xii
e) Adverb Clause of Result ...................................................................
35
f) Adverb Clause of Concession ...........................................................
35
g) Adverb Clause of Comparison .........................................................
36
4.1.1.2 Functions ...................................................................................
38
4.1.2 Noun Clause .................................................................................
41
4.1.2.1 Forms ........................................................................................
42
a) Question Words (‘Wh-Questions’) ...................................................
42
b) Question Words + Word “ever” .......................................................
44
c) Whether / If .......................................................................................
45
4.1.2.2 Functions ...................................................................................
46
4.1.3 Adjective Clause ..........................................................................
48
4.1.3.1 Forms ........................................................................................
48
a) Relative Pronouns .............................................................................
48
b) Relative Adverbs ..............................................................................
49
4.1.3.2 Functions ...................................................................................
51
4.2 Findings...........................................................................................
53
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions .....................................................................................
54
5.2 Suggestions .....................................................................................
55
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................
56
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................
xii
xiii
A THESIS
BY:
DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
Reg. No. 100705103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
1
SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO’S NOVEL BRIDA
A THESIS
BY
DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
REG. NUMBER: 100705103
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
NIP.195110131976031001
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
NIP. 195706261983032001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From
Department English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
vi
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19541117198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
vii
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on October 18th, 2016
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.
NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
___________________
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
___________________
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
___________________
Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed.TESOL
___________________
viii
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN, DECLARE THAT I AM THE
SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE.
NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS
HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN
ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: October 18th, 2016
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN
TITLE OF THESIS : SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO’S NOVEL BRIDA
QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
I
AM
: ENGLISH
WILLING
REPRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
THAT
AT
OF
MY
THE
THESIS
SHOULD
DISCRETION
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
BE
AVAILABLE
OF
THE
LIBRARIAN
OF
CULTURAL
FOR
OF
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS
ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: October 18th, 2016
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The first time, I would like to thank Him, The Great Architect, for every single thing
in my life. For everything, My Lord.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Prof.
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A and my co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum, for their
willingness in sharing times and patience in guiding, correcting, and supervising this thesis.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Dr.Budi Agustono,
M.S as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies USU, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S as the
Head of English Department, Sir Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. PhD as the Secretary of
English Department, and “Kak Tika”. Thank you for all ofthose helps. Wish you good days to
live, always.
And I really want to say my deepest gratitude for my entire family,without exception,
who impatiently wait for my graduation. Sorry for everything Mom, Dad. For my brothers
and sisters in Clarabelle Choir, my big brother Isa, Ernest, Horas, thank you for those sweet
chances, times, and experiences. I can not be like this without all of you. Thank you so much,
really!
For my classmates and comrades that I can not mention one by one, I will be missing
all of you, really. My little brothers, Daniel, Haverius, Aldi, Erik, Dedhad, Anggi, Ibet, Raja
who really helped me a lot in doing this thesis, thanks a lot! Another little sisters and brothers
of mine, Daud, Dame and friends, Daniel, Husnul, Seno, Anmar, Teguh, Kevin, Dwi, all of
you, thank you very much for these laughs! This place will be more lonely without you guys,
Thank you!
For Omi. Thank you so much.Thank you for those sweet memories, chances,
everything, that we had spent together. Thank you for waiting. Sorry, for I can not be as good
as you expected me to be. Keep smiling and being cheerful always, Omi. Maybe we will not
see each other again. I will miss you so...
For my seniors that I loved, Petra, Chyma, Mora, Devi, thank you for those sweet
scenes and journeys. That was fun, really. Jemario and Robby, Alvin, whom I consider as my
own family, thank you very much.
vii
At last, Hajriani Sabri. A bless, a gift that has been given from Him to me, who
proudly love and patiently waiting for me, accepting me, thank you very much, really.Thank
you for being such a bless, Aji. Thank you for having faith in me. I could not be this kind of
person without you. I have learned so many sweet and great things about life from you. I feel
so special, thankful, for having this kind of heavenly relationship with the one as amazing as
you. I do not know what will be waiting for us later. Sorry for all of my mistakes,
imperfections, lovely. Sorry forbeing this far from where you are. I do miss you, really.
Please wait for me…
My Battleship. My Afterglow. I love you so.
Lets watch the flowers grow!
The Writer
Daniel Raymond W. P. Siahaan
Reg. No. 100705103
viii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Subordinations in Paulo Coelho’s Novel Brida”. Skripsi ini
berisi tentang definisi, bentuk dan fungsi subordinator dalam subordinasi yang ditemukan
didalam novel, dan dua jenis kalimat yang mengandung klausa terikat (anak klausa),
compound dan compound - complex sentence Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan dalam
menganalisis klausa bebas dan klausa terikat didalam subordinasi adalah teori yang
dikemukakan oleh Oshima (1999) dan Hancock (2005). Teori ini menjelaskan tentang
perangkat subordinasi, bentuk, dan jenis klausa yang dikategorikan kedalam tiga garis besar
klausa, yaitu klausa keterangan, klausa benda dan klausa sifat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
metode penelitian perpustakaan dan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kuantitaf
juga akan dipakai didalam menentukan tipe kalimat dengan anak klausa yang lebih dominan
digunakan dalam novel. Tahapan dalam metodologi dalam skripsi ini adalah tahapan
pengumpulan data, tahapan pengidentifikasian, tahapanpengklasifikasian, analisis data, dan
tahapan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun kesimpulan dari hasil analisis data dari skripsi ini
adalah bentuk klausa novel ini didominasi oleh klausa keterangan (Adverb Clause) dan tipe
kalimat Complex dengan persentasi 51% .
Kata Kunci : subordinasi, subordinator, klausa, bentuk, fungsi, kalimat.
ix
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled "Subordinations in Paulo Coelho's novel Brida". This thesis is
about the definition, form and function subordinator in subordination found in the novel, and
the two types of sentences that contain dependent clause, compound and compound complex sentence. Theories used as the basis of analyzing of independent and dependent
clause in subordination are theory by Oshima (1999) and Hancock (2005). These theories
describe the device of subordination (subordinator), and forms of clauses are categorized into
three kinds, ie adverb clause, noun clause, and adjective clause. Library research and
qualitative descriptive method are used in analysis, while quantitative descriptive method will
also be used in determining more dominant type of sentence between complex and compound
- complex sentence which are used in the novel. Stages in the methodology in this thesis are
the stages of data collection, identification stages, stages of classification, data analysis, and
stages of conclusion. The writer reach the conclusions from the analysis of data that Adverb
Clause is the most dominant subordinate clause form in the novel and Complex Sentence is
the most type of sentence with a percentage of 51%.
Keywords : subordination, subordinator, clause, form, function, sentence.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...................................................................................
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ...............................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study.................................................................
1.2 Problems of the Study ......................................................................
1
3
1.3 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................
4
1.4 Scope of the Study ...........................................................................
4
1.5 Significances of the Study ................................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Subordination in Sentences .............................................................
5
2.2 Adverb Clause .................................................................................
8
2.2.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
9
a. Clause of Time ..................................................................................
10
b. Clause of Place ..................................................................................
11
c. Clause of Reason ...............................................................................
11
d. Clause of Condition ..........................................................................
13
e. Clause of Result ................................................................................
13
f. Clause of Concession.........................................................................
14
xi
g. Clause of Comparison .......................................................................
14
2.2.2 Functions ......................................................................................
17
2.3 Noun Clause ....................................................................................
19
2.3.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
20
2.3.2 Functions ......................................................................................
21
2.4 Adjective Clause .............................................................................
22
2.4.1 Forms ...........................................................................................
22
a. Relative Pronouns .............................................................................
23
b. Relative Adverbs ............................................................................
24
2.4.2 Functions ......................................................................................
24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY
3.1 Research Method ............................................................................
26
3.2 Source of Data.................................................................................
27
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure ..............................................................
27
3.4 Data Analysis Procedure .................................................................
28
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Analysis...........................................................................................
29
4.1.1 Adverb Clause ..............................................................................
29
4.1.1.1 Forms ........................................................................................
29
a) Adverb Clause of Time .....................................................................
30
b) Adverb Clause of Place ....................................................................
32
c) Adverb Clause of Reason .................................................................
33
d) Adverb Clause of Condition .............................................................
34
xii
e) Adverb Clause of Result ...................................................................
35
f) Adverb Clause of Concession ...........................................................
35
g) Adverb Clause of Comparison .........................................................
36
4.1.1.2 Functions ...................................................................................
38
4.1.2 Noun Clause .................................................................................
41
4.1.2.1 Forms ........................................................................................
42
a) Question Words (‘Wh-Questions’) ...................................................
42
b) Question Words + Word “ever” .......................................................
44
c) Whether / If .......................................................................................
45
4.1.2.2 Functions ...................................................................................
46
4.1.3 Adjective Clause ..........................................................................
48
4.1.3.1 Forms ........................................................................................
48
a) Relative Pronouns .............................................................................
48
b) Relative Adverbs ..............................................................................
49
4.1.3.2 Functions ...................................................................................
51
4.2 Findings...........................................................................................
53
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions .....................................................................................
54
5.2 Suggestions .....................................................................................
55
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................
56
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................
xii
xiii