T1__BAB III Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: A Translation Critique of Metaphor and Simile in The Novel Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children into Rumah Miss Peregrine untuk AnakAnak Aneh by Ransom Riggs T1 BAB III

CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

A. Translation Strategies Used by the Translator
In the translation of the figurative language (metaphor and simile), the translator should pay
attention to the equivalence between source text and target text, but still maintain the naturalness
for target readers. To translate the metaphor, there are 7 strategies suggested by Newmark (1981)
in order to solve the problems encountered. Meanwhile, Pierini (2007) offers 6 strategies to
translate the simile. Here, the researcher uses the strategies by Newmark and Pierini to analyze
what strategies used by the translator to translate the metaphor and simile.
1. Metaphor
The translator uses 2 out of 7 strategies by Newmark to translate the metaphors. There are 8
metaphors analyzed and 7 of them are translated using literal translation (reproducing the
same image in the TL), meanwhile one of them is translated by conversion of metaphor to
sense strategy.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL

Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
ST

TT

Chapter 8

―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then ―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss

Pg. 213

this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a Peregrine, berarti tempat ini bukan

Par. 7

kind of prison, too.‖

sekadar surga, tetapi juga semacam
penjara.‖

Object: Tempat ini (refers to rumah Miss Peregrine)
Image: Bukan sekadar surga, tetapi juga semacam penjara
24

Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas

The translator retained the same image from ST to TT. The comparison between beautiful place
as heaven can be understood by anyone regardless any language people speak or any place
people live. It might be reason why thr translator reproduces the similar image ―surga‖ as the
Indonesian translation of ―heaven‖. Yet sometimes, literal translation produces boring translation
as it reduces the aesthetic value of a text.

Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Emma pointed at a doorway in front of Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di

Pg. 242

us, little more than a black hole in the hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak

Par. 6

murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to. seperti lubang hitam dalam kegelapan.
But she took my hand as though I were Aku menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi
a frightened toddler and led me toward Emma meraih tanganku, seakan-akan
it, bringing the tube along.

aku anak kecil yang ketakutan, lalu
dibawanya aku ke lubang itu, sambil
sekalian membawa slang.

Object: Aku
Image: Anak kecil
Sense: Penakut/pengecut
The translator translated the metaphor from ST to TT literally. In Indonesia, there are many
terms can be given to a ―coward‖. The intention of the author is to give sarcastic comment to the
character Jacob. Meanwhile the words ―anak kecil yang ketakutan‖ is less sarcastic in Indonesian

(Bahasa) to represent the sense. It will be better to change the image to a term which is more
suitable to the intended meaning by the author than just use literal translation.

25

Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
ST

TT

Chapter 10

Still, it was obvious she wanted me to Tetapi jelas sekali dia ingin aku tetap di

Pg. 270

stay; beyond my own safety, my sini, selain karena faktor keamananku

Par. 3

presence in the loop would make sendiri, kehadiranku di dalam keluk
everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish akan membuat

orang-orang lainnya

the idea of spending my life as their merasa lebih aman. Tapi aku tidak
watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect senang membayangkan seumur hidup
my grandfather had felt the same way, harus menjadi anjing penjaga mereka.
and it was part of the reason he‘d (Aku mulai curiga kakekku dulu juga
refused to return after the war.)

merasa begitu, dan itulah sebagian
alasannya tidak mau kembali ke sini
seusai perang).

Object: Aku
Image: Anjing penjaga
Sense: Bertugas untuk menjaga keamanan
The translator maintains similar sense by retaining same image of metaphor from ST in Table 3.3

Metaphor 3. The author compares character Jacob to a watchdog. A watchdog works as a guide
to prevent something bad happens to its owner or particular area. This is similar to Jacob‘s
position at The Old House. He is there to prevent wights and hollowgast‘s entrance who want to
endanger the peculiars. The translator maintains the image from ST to TT literally as it is
understandable enough for target readers.

Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST
Chapter 10

TT

Something occurred to me. Had I ever Sesuatu terlintas di benakku. Pernahkah
26

Pg. 294

seen Mr. Barron‘s eyes? Not really. He aku melihat mata Me. Barron? Rasanya

Par. 6

was always wearing these giant, old- tidak. Dia selalu memakai kacamata
man sunglasses that wrapped around kakek-kakek yang besar dan menutupi
his

face.

The

yard

man

wore wajahnya. Si pengurus taman juga

sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi
hat. Had I ever given either of them a berpinggiran

lebar.

Pernahkan

aku

hard look? How many other roles in my memperhatikan wajah mereka baiklife had this chameleon played?

baik? Berapa banyak peran lain yang
dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?

Object: Mr. Barron
Image: Bunglon
Sense: Berubah-ubah
The translator retaines the metaphor from ST to TT. In Bahasa, chameleon is known as bunglon.
It is categorized as reptile that can change color to hide from predators. The author compared Mr.
Barron to chameleon because he always attempts to disguise his identity. Comparing
something/one to a chameleon as they share similar characteristic is universal. Therefore, the
translator does not change the image to retain similar meaning.

Table 3.5

Metaphor 5
ST

TT

Chapter 10

―For now,‖ said Enoch. ―But that ―Untuk saat ini,‖ kata Enoch. ―Tapi

Pg. 301

maniac

Par. 7

considering how willing he was to luar sana, dan kalau mengingat dia

is

still

out

there,

and makhluk gila itu masih berkeliaran di

feed us all to his pet hollowgast, it‘s a begitu ingin mengumpankan kita semua
good bet he‘s figured out how to get pada hollowgast peliharaannya, aku
berani bertaruh dia sudah tahu cara
27

into the loop on his own.‖

masuk ke dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖

Object: Hollowgast
Image: Peliharaan
Sense: Kaki tangan
According to thepeculiarchildre.wikia.com, hollowgast are creatures of unsuccessful experiment

who want to get onto the path of immortality. They eat anything including peculiars or humans.
When they consume enough peculiar souls, they will evolve to wights. Here, Dr. Golan, Jacob‘s
psychiatrist is surprisingly the wight, so hollowgasts are simply his subordinates. The translator
retains the same image from ST to TT. Hollogasts are compared to pet as they both are tamed by
their possessors (lower in position).

Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST

TT

Chapter 10

The hollow had used two of its Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya

Pg. 306

tongues to grapple onto the capstones untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar

Par. 3

around the tunnel‘s mouth as leverage mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset
against the mud, and it covered the di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk
entrance with its body like a lid on a dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples.
jar. The third tongue was reeling me Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya. Aku
toward it, I was a fish on a hook.

ibarat ikan yang tersangkut mata kail.

Object: Aku
Image: Ikan yang tersangkut mata kail
Sense: Terperangkap / mati langkah

28

The translator maintains the metaphor from ST to TT literally. It makes the image ―fish on a
hook‖ in TT doesn‘t sound natural to target readers. It actually makes sense but there are more
appropriate figurative words in Bahasa to express that someone is trapped or stuck.

Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST

TT

Chapter 5

I got up, went to the cracked glass, and Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang

Pg. 109

saw that it was both raining and shining telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana

Par. 1

outside—a

bit

of

meteorological turun

hujan

weirdness whose name no one can seem terang—secuil

namun

mataharinya
kejanggalan

to agree on. My mom, I kid you not, meteorology yang sebutannya selalu
refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I berbeda-beda. Ibuku menyebutnya “air
remembered what Ricky says about it— mata anak yatim piatu”—sungguh,
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I aku tidak bohong. Lalu aku ingat
laughed and felt a little better.

sebutan Ricky untuk fenomena ini—
―Iblis sedang memukuli istrinya!—dan
akupun tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.

Object: Hujan
Image: Air mata anak yatim piatu
Sense: Hujan di saat bersamaan langit cerah
The translator retains the metaphor using literal translation. The character Mom has her own
words to call raining during clear weather. Orphan‘ tears is translated literally to air mata anak
yatim piatu. The words do not make sense for target readers as it is too long and unfamiliar.

Therefore, it is better to change it to term that exists in Bahasa which is more familiar for target
readers.
29

b. Conversion of metaphor to sense

Table 3.8
Metaphor 8
ST

TT

Chapter 10

―Stay where you are!‖ the man ―Tetap di situ!‖ teriak laki-laki itu.

Pg. 292

shouted.

Par. 14

accentless. I couldn‘t see his face bisa melihat wajahnya dalam sorotan

His

voice

was

flat, Suaranya datar, tanpa akses. Aku tak

through the beam of light, but the cahaya, namun dari jaket berlapis yang
layered jackets he wore were an dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa
instant

giveaway.

It

was

the dia. Si ahli burung.

ornithologist.

Object: Jaket berlapis
Image: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia
Sense: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia (Petunjuk / mudah tertebak)
Explanation: The translator changes the simile from ST to its sense in TT. As seen from the
context, instant giveway here means clue or hint. The object is not translated with the same
image which is hadiah instan (literal meaning) to avoid misunderstanding. Therefore, the
translator might think that it is better to convey the the metaphor from ST to its sense.

30

Table 3.1 Newmark‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Metaphor)

Frequency

Percentage

Reproducing the same image in the TL

7

87.5%

Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image

0

0

Translating metaphor by simile

0

0

Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense

0

0

Conversion of metaphor to sense

1

12.5%

Deletion

0

0

Same metaphor combined with sense

0

0

Total

8

100%

The result shows that the first strategy dominates the whole percentage (87,5%). The researcher
analyzed 8 metaphors in the novel and she found 7 out of 8 using reproducing the same image in
the TL strategy. The translator used literal translation to retain similar meaning intended by the
author. 1 out of 8 metaphor (12,5%) is translated using conversion to sense strategy to avoid
length explanation that can lead to misunderstanding. From the table above, it concludes that the
strategies used by the translator almost do not have variety. It is appropriate to maintain the
equivalence of SL and TL but the translator should consider the ability of the target readers to
understand the figurative language. Besides, literal translation sometimes reduces the aesthetic
effects of the text. Hence Ogunsiji (2000) says that, ―if one writes without using figures of
speech, one‘s speech or writing will be ―dry‖ (p.56).

31

2. Simile
The researcher thinks the strategies by Pierini is useful to help analyzing and translating the
simile from SL to TL. Based on the analysis, the translator only uses 2 out of 6 strategies
suggested by Pierini. Most of them uses literal translation (retention of the same vehicle) and
only one simile is translated using retention of the same vehicle plus explicitation of similarity
feature(s).

a. Literal Translation
The translator translates the metaphor and simile into TL directly to produce natural translation
with this strategy. Larson (1984: 280) said that simile can be kept if the receptor language
permits (it must sound natural and is easily understood by the readers).

Table 4.9
Simile 1
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Within five minutes I was half asleep in Lima menit kemudian aku sudah

Pg. 213

the

Par. 7

wondering serenely what might be on seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-

grass,

smiling

like

a

dope, setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum

the menu for lunch. It was as if just tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
being here had some kind of narcotic menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
effect on me; like the loop itself was a berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
never want to leave… .

dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
kepingin pergi lagi.

32

Topic: Aku tersenyum
Vehicle/image: Orang Bodoh
Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
The translator retains the simile from ST to TT literally. She applies strategy number 1 by Pierini
to maintain the equivalence between both languages. It has similar meaning with smiling like a
fool. The author uses connotation by using figurative word dope instead of fool to add depth to

the text. As we know that dope has more than single meaning. Most common ones are fool and
narcotic. The author wants to deliver meaning to the readers that it is not about narcotic itself but
its effect. Therefore, the translator is supposed to maintain the simile literally in order not to
change the context.

Table 4.10
Simile 2
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Within five minutes I was half asleep Lima menit kemudian aku sudah setengah

Pg. 213

in the grass, smiling like a dope, tertidur di rumput, tersenyum seperti

Par. 7

wondering serenely what might be on orang

bodoh,

sambil

bertanya-tanya

the menu for lunch. It was as if just dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira menu
being here had some kind of narcotic makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah berada di
effect on me; like the loop itself was sini membuatku terkena efek narkotika;
a drug—a mood enhancer and a seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri adalah obat
sedative combined—and if I stayed bius—gabungan
too long, I‘d never want to leave.

obat

bius

dan

obat

penenang—dan kalau aku terlalu lama di
sini aku tidak bakal kepingin pergi lagi.

Topic: Keluk
33

Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
The translator transfers meaning of the simile from ST to TT literally. The simile compares the
similarity between the loop with drug. Once you get there, you cannot escape anymore. It makes
anyone who gets there, wants to return over and over. This is similar to drugs effect to make its
consumers always crave for it. This is one of behavioral problems called addiction
(recovergateway.org). Therefore, literal translation is suitable to render meaning of the simile
from SL to TL, since the similes from both languages are universal so it is natural for both target
readers.

Table 4.11
Simile 3
ST

TT

Chapter 8

He spoke with a slight cockney accent. Dia berbicara dengan akses cockney

Pg. 214

Cadaverous black circles ringed his samar.

Par. 7

eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls— lingkaran hitam pucat seperti mata

Matanya

dihiasi

lingkaran-

the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d rakun, dan baju luarnya—sama persis
seen—were streaked with clay and dirt. dengan yang kulihat di foto-fotonya—
Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve berlepotan tanah lempung dan tanah
been a chimney sweep out of Oliver biasa. Kalau bukan karena wajahnya
Twist.

yang tembam, penampilannya mirip
pembersih cerobong asap di buku Oliver
Twist.

Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata rakun
Similarity feature: Dihiasi lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat / berkantung mata
34

The translator retained the vehicle ―a raccoon‖ into mata rakun. In fact, literal translation can be
confusing. The term ―raccoon eyes‖ is only familiar to those who learn about medic. Since the
term mata rakun is not universal, it‘s better to change the image to something more natural for
Indonesian target readers.

Table 4.12
Simile 4
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Then something terrible occurred to Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di

Pg. 221

me. To test a theory, I held my hand in benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut,

Par. 1

front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak
breath. My finger brushed his lips, itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan
which were cold as ice. Shocked, I napasnya.
pulled my hand away

Jariku menyapu bibirnya,

yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main,
kutarik tanganku.

Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
Lips here refers to Victor‘s, a corpse. A corpse has no blood vessel or circulatory system which
makes the body stiff and cold. The author compares the condition of Victor‘s lips to ice which
share the same characteristic, cold. The translator keeps the meaning of simile from SL to TL to
produce natural translation. Natural state of ice which is cold (denotative) is universally known
so it is acceptable by both target readers. Furthermore, Larson (1984: 280) affirms that simile can
be kept if the receptor language permits (if it sounds natural and is understood correctly by the
readers).

35

Table 4.13
Simile 5
ST

TT

Chapter 8

A random sampling revealed them to Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak

Pg. 226

be long and sappy, full of declarations ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan,

Par. 3

of his love and awkward descriptions penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku
of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s serta puji-pujian canggung tentang
then-broken English (―You are pretty kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris
like flower, have good smell also, may kakekku yang masih terpatah-patah
I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga,
picture of himself posing atop a bomb wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di
with a cigarette dangling from his lips.

salah satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan
sehelai foto dirinya berpose di atas bom
dengan sebatang rokok menggelantung
dari bibirnya.

Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik, wangi
The translator retained the same meaning of simile from ST to TT. Flower is compared to the
character ―You‖ (Emma) to compliment her beauty. The character Grandpa Portman had feeling
towards Emma therefore he said so to win her heart. Flower is known for its pretty looks and
pleasant smell. It has been widely known that flower is the symbol of beauty, love, and sincerity.
Therefore, it is acceptable to say that someone is pretty like flower as well as in Indonesia
culture.

36

Table 4.14
Simile 6
ST

TT

Chapter 8

I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her, I Aku akan ikut, tapi tidak akan

Pg. 240

told myself. I repeated it like a mantra menciumnya , kataku dalam hati.

Par. 1

as she led me across the bog. Do not Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra,
kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang

but veered off toward the rocky beach rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami
that looked out onto the lighthouse, mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang
picking our way down the steep path ke pantai berbatu karang yang
to the sand.

menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah
dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju
pasir.

Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
The translator keeps the same simile from ST to TT. The words said by character Jacob is
repeated over and over which is similar to mantra or spell. Mantra carries statements repeated
frequently aimed to bring magical effect to something under influenced. Jacob wishes that the
words he says can actually happen like mantra. Furthermore, mantra is similar in English and
Indonesia (ST and TT). The simile makes sense for the target readers as it is a universal word.

37

Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST

TT

Chapter 8

There was no sound but our breaths Tak ada suara apa pun selain napas

Pg. 242

bubbling up and obscure thuds from kami yang bergelembung-gelembung

Par. 7

deep inside the ship, pieces of the naik, serta debum-debum entah apa dari
broken hull knocking in the current. If I dalam badan kapal, potongan-potongan
had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have been lambung kapal yang pecah berantakan
any darker. We were like astronauts dalam
floating in a starless universe.

arus

air.

Seandainya

aku

memejamkan mata, suasananya tidak
akan lebih lengkap lagi. Kami bagaikan
astraunot yang mengapung-apung di
semesta tak berbintang.

Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astraunot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
The translator maintains the image from ST to TT. Based on Percy Greg‘s book, ―astronaut‖
refers to space traveler or space craft (Across the Zodiac, 1880). It refers to someone who travels
the space. In this case, the characters Jacob and Emma were diving in the ocean. The author
compared them as if they were like astronauts who were exploring the outer space. Both ocean
and outer space are considered as medium, in itself, completely empty. Astronaut is
understandable for Indonesian readers therefore it is unnecessary to change it.

38

Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST

TT

Chapter 10

If he just fed a total stranger to a hollow, Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan

Pg. 281

who do you think he‘s going after orang yang sama sekali tak ada

Par. 6

next?‖

sangkut pautnya pada hollow, dan

Her face was like stone. ―The welfare of anda piker siapa yang akan menjadi
the

townspeople

concern,‖ she

is

none

of

my korban berikutnya?‖
Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu.

said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not ―Keamanan orang kota itu bukan
for anyone.‖

urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak akan
membahayakan

anak-anak

asuhku.

Tidak demi apapun.‖

Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
The translator maintains the simile from ST to TT (stone faced translated into wajah sekaku
batu). The literal translation ends up producing unnatural translation since in Indonesia, batu
means keras instead of kaku. Therefore, it is better to add information to make it more
understandable.

b. Retention of the same image plus explicitation of similarity feature(s)
Translator may add any information or make the translation explicit to make it more
understandable by the target readers. If there is a risk that the simple transfer of the simile will
not be understood by the majority of the target readers, the translator may translate the simile
plus sense(Newmark, 1981: 90).

39

Table 4.16
Simile 8
ST

TT

Chapter 8

With his foot, Enoch nudged it back Dengan kakinya, Enoch menyodok

Pg. 217

toward the group. They seemed to be tentara

Par. 1

going haywire, colliding with one kelompoknya. Tampaknya , mereka
another like excited atoms. ―Fight, you mulai

itu

tidak

agar

kembali

terkendali,

ke

saling

nancies!‖ he commanded, which is bertubrukan seperti atom-atom yang
when I realized they weren‘t simply tidak bisa tinggal diam. ―Ayo berkelahi,
bumping into one another, but hitting banci-banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan,
and kicking.

dan baru saat itulah aku menyadari
tentara-tentara itu bukan sekadar saling
bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul
dan tanding. Namun si tentara tanah liat
yang satu itu tampaknya tidak tertarik
untuk berkelahi, dan ketika dia mulai
melangkah

pergi

lagi,

Enoch

menyambarnya dan menarik kedua
kakinya sampai putus.

Topic: Mereka (refers to clay soldier)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity feature: Penuh energi, bersemangat
The translator translated the simile plus adding similarity feature which complicates the TL, so it
becomes unnatural for target readers. Excited atom is translated into atom-atom yang tidak bisa
tinggal diam. This is because both languages have different ways of portraying the behaviors or

characteristics, in this case, of an ―atom‖. It is pretty risky if the simile is not understandable for
target readers. Therefore, it is better to change the simile in TT to produce more natural words.
40

Table 3.2 Frequency of Pierini‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Simile)

Frequency

Precentage

Literal Translation (Retention of the Same Vehicle)

8

88,89%

Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle

0

0

Reduction of the Simile, if Idiomatic, to Its Sense

0

0

Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity 1

11,11%

Feature(s)
Replacement with a Vehicle with a Gloss

0

0

Omission of the Simile

0

0

Total

9

100%

Based on Pierini strategies, 88,89% of the similes are translated using literal translation. The
translator tends to retain similar simile from SL to TL. Only 1 out of 9 similes (11,11) is
translated using retention of the same vehicle plus explicitation of similarity feature(s).
According to Pierini, the translators should take into consideration factors such as context of use,
connotation, and rhetorical effect and register in selecting the appropriate strategies (p.33).
During process of translating figurative languages in literary work, it is not enough to maintain
the equivalence between SL and TL but also maintain the aesthetic values of the ST. The excess
of using literal translation gives monotone effect of the translation.

41

B. Translation Strategies Suggested by the Researcher
During the process of translating, the translation strategies are applied in order to solve the
problems encountered. We should be aware that figurative languages can be misunderstood if
they are not translated correctly. Therefore, Newmark (1988) and Pierini (2007) strategies are
used to translate metaphors and similes found in the novel ―Miss Peregrine‘s Home For
Peculiar Children‖.
1. Metaphor
The researcher suggests 4 out of 7 strategies proposed by Newmark to translate 8
metaphors in total. They are Reproducing the same image in the TL, Replacing the image
in the SL with a standard TL image, Translating metaphor by simile, and Conversion of
metaphor to sense.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL

Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
ST

TT

Chapter 10

Still, it was obvious she wanted me to Tetapi jelas sekali dia ingin aku tetap di

Pg. 270

stay; beyond my own safety, my sini, selain karena faktor keamananku

Par. 3

presence in the loop would make sendiri, kehadiranku di dalam keluk
everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish akan membuat orang-orang lainnya
the idea of spending my life as their merasa lebih aman. Tapi aku tidak
watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect senang membayangkan seumur hidup
my grandfather had felt the same way, harus menjadi anjing penjaga mereka.
and it was part of the reason he‘d (Aku mulai curiga kakekku dulu juga
refused to return after the war.)

merasa begitu, dan itulah sebagian
alasannya tidak mau kembali ke sini
seusai perang).
42

Object: Aku
Image: Anjing penjaga
Sense: Bertugas menjaga keamanan (to guard)
Based on the research from http://victimsofcrime.org, there are many jobs given to dogs. They
differ according to each dog‘s attributes and how they perform. For example: working dogs
mostly work on farms to herd animals; therapy dogs usually associate to medic that relate to the
psychological effect on the patients; and/or service dogs such as guard and watch dogs which
trained to assist and take care individual in need (pg 21-32). According to the source text, the
author compares character Jacob to a guard dog. He takes care of the peculiars as well as
prevents hollowgasts and wights to reach them. The author chooses dog instead of other guardian
figure (it can be security or angel) because there is connotative or secondary meaning of dog.
Besides, man‘s best friend (loyal), dog also connotes as low creature (human‘s pet). It obviously
shows Jacob‘s feeling, how offended he is, as if he is took advantage from. The researcher also
agrees to maintain the term ―watchdog‖ as it is natural and acceptable for target readers.

Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST

TT

Chapter 10

He was always wearing these giant, Dia selalu memakai kacamata kakek-

Pg. 294

old-man sunglasses that wrapped kakek

Par. 6

around his face. The yard man wore wajahnya.

yang
Si

besar

dan

pengurus

menutupi

taman

juga

sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi
hat. Had I ever given either of them a berpinggiran

lebar.

Pernahkan

aku

hard look? How many other roles in memperhatikan wajah mereka baik-baik?
my life had this chameleon played?

Berapa

banyak

peran

lain

yang

dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?

Object: Mr. Barron
Image: Bunglon
43

Sense: Berubah-ubah
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, chameleon has several definitions with similar
meaning, 1. Chameleon that has unusual ability to change the skin color; 2. A person who often
changes his or her behavior in order to please others or to succeed. The character Mr. Barron is
described as a person who is similar to chameleon. He disguises himself to different person in
order to deceive Jacob and peculiar children. In Indonesia, it is acceptable to say a person is like
chaemeleon if they most likely don‘t have integrity, bipolar, or liar. Since the term is universal, it
is appropriate to use literal translation.

Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
ST

TT

Chapter 10

―For now,‖ said Enoch. ―But that ―Untuk saat ini,‖ kata Enoch. ―Tapi

Pg. 301

maniac

Par. 7

considering how willing he was to sana, dan kalau mengingat dia begitu

is

still

out

there,

and makhluk gila itu masih berkeliaran di luar

feed us all to his pet hollowgast, it‘s a ingin mengumpankan kita semua pada
good bet he‘s figured out how to get hollowgast peliharaannya, aku berani
into the loop on his own.‖

bertaruh dia sudah tahu cara masuk ke
dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖

Object: Hollowgast
Image: Peliharaan
Sense: Kaki tangan
‗His‘ in the text refer to Mr. Barron, the wight. Hollowgasts are the form before they evolve into
wights after they consume enough peculiar souls (thepeculiarchildre.wikia.com). Therefore,
hollowgasts are basically wights‘ subordinates. Rather than saying so, the author chose the word
―pet‖ to describe the relation between hollowgast and wight. In literal translation, pet or
peliharaan in Bahasa means tamed animal. It doesn‘t really mean hollowgasts are wights‘ pet
44

but it is connotation. Connotation can be positive or negative according to audience‘s feelings or
thoughts (Harimurti (dalam Aminuddin, 2001:112). According to Cambridge dictionary, pet also
refers to be the person that someone in authority likes best and treats better than anyone else (e.g:
teacher‘s pet). The critic agrees with translator to maintain the intention of the author by
translating it literally. It is universal to say so as negative connotation.

b. Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image

Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST

TT

Chapter 10

The hollow had used two of its Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya

Pg. 306

tongues to grapple onto the capstones untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar

Par. 3

around

the

tunnel‘s

mouth

as mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset

leverage against the mud, and it di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk
covered the entrance with its body dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples.
like a lid on a jar. The third tongue Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya.
was reeling me toward it, I was a fish Bagaikan telur di ujung tanduk.
on a hook.

Object: Aku
Image: Ikan yang tersangkut mata kail
Sense: Kondisi krisis atau genting
Carter (1993: 65) defines idioms as special combinations with restricted forms and meanings that
cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of the words which make them up. Literal meaning
of the idiom ―Ibarat ikan yang tersangkut mata kail‖: there is a fish caught by a hook. Meanwhile
the idiomatic meaning is referring to the state where someone has no choice or in dangerous
state. The problem here is that the saying is obviously not familiar for Indonesian readers. There

45

is other idiom that is more natural which carries similar meaning, which is ―bagai telur di ujung
tanduk‖.

Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Emma pointed at a doorway in front of Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di

Pg. 242

us, little more than a black hole in the hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak seperti

Par. 6

murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to. lubang hitam dalam kegelapan. Aku
But she took my hand as though I menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi Emma
were a frightened toddler and led me meraih tanganku, seakan-akan aku anak
toward it, bringing the tube along.

ingusan lalu dibawanya aku ke lubang
itu, sambil sekalian membawa slang.

Object: Aku
Image: Anak ingusan
Sense: Penakut/pengecut
The researcher changes the metaphor in ST to anak ingusan. According to KBBI, besides ―very
young‖, anak ingusan carries meaning of inexperienced or clueless. It expresses well the term of
―a frightened toddler‖ or simply means ―a coward‖. This reflects to the character of Jacob who is
very clumsy facing the new things in Cairnholm. He can not do anything himself but rely on
Emma‘s help. The figurative word anak ingusan carries more sarcastic meaning rather than
―anak kecil yang ketakutan‖ which expresses the intention of the author.

46

Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST

TT

Chapter 5

I got up, went to the cracked glass, and Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang

Pg. 109

saw that it was both raining and shining telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana

Par. 1

outside—a

bit

of

meteorological turun

hujan

namun

weirdness whose name no one can seem terang—secuil

mataharinya
kejanggalan

to agree on. My mom, I kid you not, meteorology yang sebutannya selalu
refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I berbeda-beda.

Ibuku

menyebutnya

remembered what Ricky says about it— ―hujan monyet‖—sungguh, aku tidak
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I bohong. Lalu aku ingat sebutan Ricky
laughed and felt a little better.

untuk fenomena ini—―Iblis sedang
memukuli

istrinya!—dan

akupun

tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.

Object: Hujan
Image: Hujan monyet
Sense: Hujan di saat langit cerah
Orphan tears is translated literally into air mata anak yatim piatu by the translator. It totally
doesn‘t make sense in Indonesia. Therefore, the researcher suggests familiar term in Bahasa
―hujan monyet‖ which carries similar term with orphan tears. ―Hujan monyet‖ has literal
meaning of monkey raining which doesn‘t make sense at all, but it refers to idiomatical term of
―raining during sunny day‖ (Sonata, kompasiana.com).

c. Translating metaphor by simile plus sense

47

Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
ST

TT

Chapter 8

―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then this ―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss

Pg. 213

place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of Peregrine, tempat ini adalah sangkar

Par. 7

prison, too.‖

emas. Indah namun tidak bebas.‖

Object: Tempat ini (refers to rumah Miss Peregrine)
Image: Sangkar emas
Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas
The researcher uses same metaphor combined with sense which is similar to Larson‘s strategy
metaphor of the receptor language which has the same meaning may be substituted; metaphor is
added with some explanations to improve the understanding of target readers.. The researcher
substitutes the metaphor from ST ―then this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of prison, too‖
into ―tempat ini adalah sangkar emas‖. She uses a different metaphor in the receptor language
that carries the same meaning as the metaphor in the source language with explanation added
―Indah namun tidak bebas‖ to make it more understandable to the target readers. Oka (1974:97)
stated that Marah Rusli‘s Siti Nurbaya fits the metaphor ―seperti burung dalam sangkar, terbuat
dari emas sekalipun, sangkar tetap sangkar juga.‖ It means a life fulfilled with prosperity, it
doesn‘t guarantee someone‘s happiness.‖
d. Conversion of metaphor to sense

Table 3.8
Metaphor 8
ST

TT

Chapter 10

―Stay where you are!‖ the man ―Tetap di situ!‖ teriak laki-laki itu.

Pg. 292

shouted.

Par. 14

accentless. I couldn‘t see his face melihat wajahnya dalam sorotan cahanya,

His

voice

was

flat, Suaranya datar, tanpa akses. Aku tak bisa

through the beam of light, but the namun

dari

jaket

berlapis

yang
48

layered jackets he wore were an dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa
instant

giveaway.

It

was

the dia. Si ahli burung.

ornithologist.

Object: Jaket berlapis
Image: Sense: Petunjuk / mudah tertebak
Instant giveaway does not have meaning but literally it often refers to something given free. It
has nothing to do with the context. The context here carries meaning that the jacket he wears is
the clue to make them guess easier who he actually is. Therefore, if it was translated literally too,
that would make confusion for target readers. To avoid that happens, it is better to use
Newmark‘s strategy to render the metaphor into its sense.
Table 3.3 Frequency of Newmark‘s strategies suggested by the researcher
Strategy (Metaphor)

Frequency

Precentage

Reproducing the same image in the TL

3

37,5%

Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image

3

37,5%

Translating metaphor by simile

1

12,5%

Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense

0

0

Conversion of metaphor to sense

1

12,5%

Deletion

0

0

Same metaphor combined with sense

0

0

Total

8

100%

From the table above, the researcher uses 4 out of 7 Newmark‘s strategies to translate 8
metaphors found in the text. They are Reproducing the image in the TL (37,5%), Replacing the
image in the SL with a standard TL image (37,5%), Translating metaphor by simile (12,5%) ,
49

and Conversion of metaphor to sense (12,5%). The strategies used by critic are more varied. It
shows that Newmark‘s strategies can be used to produce more natural translation for target
readers.

2. Simile
The researcher uses 4 out of 6 strategies by Pierini to translate the 9 similes found in the ST.
They are Literal Translation, Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle, Retention of
the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s), and Omission of the Simile.

a. Literal translation

Table 4.9
Simile 1
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Within five minutes I was half asleep Lima

menit

kemudian

aku

sudah

Pg. 213

in the grass, smiling like a dope, setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum

Par. 7

wondering serenely what might be on seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanyathe menu for lunch. It was as if just tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
being here had some kind of narcotic menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
effect on me; like the loop itself was a berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
combined—and if I stayed too long, adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
I‘d never want to leave… .

dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
kepingin pergi lagi.

Topic: Aku tersenyum
Vehicle/image: Orang Bodoh
50

Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
Dope (n) has several meanings (Merriam Webster), including:
1a. a thick liquid or pasty preparation
b. a preparation for giving a desired quality to a substance or surface
2. absorbent or adsorbent material used in various manufacturing processes (as the making of
dynamite)
3a. (1) an illicit, habit-forming, or narcotic drug; especially: marijuana
(2) a preparation given to a racehorse to help or hinder its performance
b. chiefly Southern : a cola drink
c. a stupid person
The simile in this context refers to number 3c. The expression of ―tersenyum seperti orang
bodoh‖ (stupid person) is commonly used to refer to something crazy. It is wise not to change the
simile as it is well-known for target readers.

Table 4.10
Simile 2
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Within five minutes I was half asleep in Lima menit kemudian aku sudah

Pg. 213

the

Par. 7

wondering serenely what might be on seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-

grass,

smiling

like

a

dope, setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum

the menu for lunch. It was as if just tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
being here had some kind of narcotic menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
effect on me; like the loop itself was a berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
never want to leave.

dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
51

kepingin pergi lagi.

Topic: Keluk
Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
According to recovergateway.org, one of behavioral problems caused by drug consuming is
called addiction. The translator here retains the image ―drug‖ into ―obat bius‖. According to
―Kamus Inggris Indonesia – An English Indonesian Dictionary‖, drug: (n) 1. Med.: obat, obatobatan. 2. Narc.: obat bius. (drugged) 1 meracuni. 2 membiuskan. This simile can be acceptable
since the target readers can find common similarity feature between the topic and the image.

Table 4.12
Simile 4
ST

TT

Chapter 8

Then something terrible occurred to Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di

Pg. 221

me. To test a theory, I held my hand in benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut,

Par. 1

front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak
breath. My finger brushed his lips, itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan
which were cold as ice. Shocked, I napasnya.
pulled my hand away

Jariku menyapu bibirnya,

yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main,
kutarik tanganku.

Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
The researcher agrees with the comparison between corpse‘s lips to ice which carry the same
literal meaning, cold. It doesn‘t change the meaning from ST, besides it is also understandable
52

for target readers. Based on researcher translation journal by Ramli, literal translation can be
applied to translate simile if both source and target language share the same interpretation of the
similes. So, the sentence can easily be interpreted in the same way in the target text. Therefore,
the translator had chosen the appropriate strategy to handle the simile.

Table 4.13
Simile 5
ST

TT

Chapter 8

A random sampling revealed them to Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak

Pg. 226

be long and sappy, full of declarations ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan,

Par. 3

of his love and awkward descriptions penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku
of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s serta

puji-pujian

canggung

tentang

then-broken English (―You are pretty kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris
like flower, have good smell also, may kakekku

yang

masih

terpatah-patah

I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga,
picture of himself posing atop a bomb wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di salah
with a cigarette dangling from his lips.

satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan sehelai
foto dirinya berpose di atas bom dengan
sebatang

rokok

menggelantung

dari

bibirnya.

Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik
Flower as a symbol of beauty has been known worldwide. In Bahasa, there is also term of
kembang desa . Kembang (Javanese means bunga) meanwhile desa means village. Basically,
kembang desa carries meaning of the prettiest girl in the area. According to Masyarakat Metafora

Indonesia, a positive metaphor describes the beauty of woman as bunga or kembang (flower)
53

desa . Bunga (flower) is a part of plant which is always described as beautiful and smells good.

Someone who is called bunga desa can be acknowledged as good looking virgin that attracts a
lot of men. Therefore, it is natural to say someone is beautiful like flower.

Table 4.14
Simile 6
ST

TT

Chapter 8

I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her , I Aku

Pg. 240

told myself. I repeated it like a mantra menciumnya ,

Par. 1

as she led me across the bog. Do not Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra,

akan

ikut,

tapi

kataku

tidak

akan

dalam

hati.

kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang

but veered off toward the rocky beach rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami
that looked out onto the lighthouse, mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang
picking our way down the steep path ke
to the sand.

pantai

berbatu

karang

yang

menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah
dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju
pasir.

Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
The statement by character Jacob is repeated like mantra or spell. The figurative word is also
familiar to the target readers. Another option, Pierini‘s strategy number 3 can also be applied on
this simile (reduction of the simile, if idiomatic, to its sense).
It will be more understandable for target readers since berkomat-kamit or mumbling also similar
to read mantra or spell. On the other hand, the 3rd strategy has weakness as it reduces the
aesthetic value of a text so it is better to maintain the simile as it is acceptable for target readers.
54

Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST

TT

Chapter 8

If I had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have Seandainya aku memejamkan mata,

Pg. 242

been

Par. 7

astronauts floating in a starless universe.

any

darker.

We

were

like suasananya tidak akan lebih lengkap
lagi. Kami bagaikan astronot yang
mengapung-apung

di

semesta

tak

berbintang.

Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astronot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
Astronot or antariksawan is term for a person who travels the outer space. The researcher agrees
with the translator to maintain the image from ST since the literal translation makes sense for
target readers. The term astronot which is borrowed from English is more familiar to target
readers therefore it is applied instead of antariksawan. The target readers are expected to get the
same feeling as intended from SL.

b. Replacement of the image with a different image

55

Table 4.11
Simile 3
ST

TT

Chapter 8

―They get ideas, see. Ain‘t properly ―Kaulihat kan, mereka punya kemauan

Pg. 214

trained yet. Only made ‘em last week.‖ sendiri.

Par. 7

He spoke with a slight cockney accent. semestinya.

Belum
Baru

dilatih

dengan

minggu

kemarin

Cadaverous black circles ringed his kubuat.‖ Dia berbicara dengan akses
eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls— cockney

samar.

Matanya

dihiasi

the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat seperti
seen—were streaked with clay and dirt. mata panda, dan baju luarnya—sama
Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve persis dengan yang kulihat di fotobeen a chimney sweep out of Oliver fotonya—berlepotan tanah lempung dan
Twist.

tanah

biasa.

Kalau

bukan

karena

wajahnya yang tembam, penampilannya
mirip pembersih cerobong asap di buku
Oliver Twist.

Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata panda
Similarity feature: Dihiasi lingkaran hitam
According to Said Alfin Khalilullah, Co- Ass, Clinical RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, raccoon eyes is a sign of basal skull fracture
caused by direct collision on the skull base area. Meanwhile this novel is not specifically aimed
for medical students, so it doesn‘t make sense for some people. In Bahasa, the target readers are
more familiar with mata panda rather than mata rakun. So, the researcher believes that it is more
suitable and familiar for target readers. The term ―mata panda‖ is chosen because they also
represents black puffy eyes which similar in terms of appearance with raccoon‘s eyes.
c. Retention of the same image plus explicitation of similarity feature(s)
56

Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST

TT

Chapter 10

If there really is a wight, and it‘s who I Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan

Pg. 281

think it is, he and my dad have almost orang yang sama sekali tak ada sangkut

Par. 6

gotten into one fight already. If he just pautnya pada hollow, dan anda piker
fed a total stranger to a hollow, who do siapa
you think he‘s going after next?‖

yang

akan

menjadi

korban

berikutnya?‖

Her face was like stone. ―The welfare Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu, tak
of the townspeople is none of my berekspresi. ―Keamanan orang kota itu
concern,‖ she

bukan urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak

said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not akan
for anyone.‖

membahayakan

anak-anak

asuhku. Tidak demi apapun.‖

Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
Translator may add information about similarity feature(s) if the image in target text is not clear
for target readers. In this case, the researcher adds ―tak berekspresi‖ as an additional information
of ―sekaku batu‖ to clarify its sense to make it more understandable for target readers. According
to Cambridge dictionary, the term stone-faced (adj) means not showing any emotion. It explains
better the expression of Miss Peregrine to show her state of shock.
d. Omission

Table 4.16
Simile 8
57

ST

TT

Chapter 8

The clay soldier I‘d returned began Tanah liat yang telah kukembalikan

Pg. 217

wandering again. With his foot, Enoch mulai berjalan lagi. Dengan kakinya,

Par. 1

nudged it back toward the group. They Enoch menyodok tentara itu agar
seemed to be going haywire, colliding kembali ke kelompoknya. Tampaknya
with one another like excited atoms. nereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling
―Fight, you nancies!‖ he commanded, bertubrukan. ―Ayo berkelahi, banciwhich is when I realized they weren‘t banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan, dan
simply bumping into one another, but baru saat itulah aku menyadari tentarahitting and kicking.

tentara itu bukan sekadar saling
bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul
dan tending.

Topic: Mereka (refers to soldier toys)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity featur