Review of Previous Research

I. FRAME OF THEORIES

This chapter discusses review of previous research and review of related literature to support the research. This chapter deals with the concept of motivation, the roles of motivation, the concept of speaking, theoretical assumption, and hypothesis.

2.1 Review of Previous Research

There are some studies that have been carried out to investigate stud ents’ motivation in English learning process. First, in one of objectives of her research, Apridawati 2011 analyzes how far motivation contributed to the students English speaking ability after being taught by using CLL at the second grade of SMPN 22 Bandar lampung. She developes a questionnaire to elicit the data required. The questionnaire was administered on approximately 60 students from two classes which is selected randomly. The findings revealed that Community Language Learning can be used to improve students’ motivation in speaking ability. Second, Hulda 2011 investigates whether there was significant influence between students’ motivation and their reading comprehension achievement in SMAN 1 Lampung Selatan. The research sample was the second year students becauseit was assumed that they had had an experince of learning English in their school at least one year. In collecting the data of motivation, she administered a questionnaire of motivation developed by Sadewo 1999. The results supported the theory of motivation that stated by Huit 2001:1 who said “motivation refers to an internal state that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction”. And it also proved that what Hamacheck 1994:276 has said about the roles of motivation is true. Third, by Ali 2010 attempts to find out whether teaching speaking using visual media can improve students’ motivation significantly in their speaking class. The research sample was one class of three classes of the second grade that chosen by lottery. To collect the data, he administered a set of the motivation questionnaire which the scores were based on the Likert scale. The results indicated that students’ score of motivation in their speaking class improved after they were taught through visual media. To sum up, based on the previous studies, it can be stated that all the above mentioned studies reconfirmed the importance of identifying learners’ motivation in the English learning process. The studies had been carried out to investigate foreign language learners’ motivation and these studies helped the researchers to understand the how to identify learners’ motivation. Not only that, these studies focused on learners’ motivation. Besides adapting questions to investigate the students’ motivation, these studies can help the researchers to build their idea on how to identify students’ motivation in English learning process. However, there was still, at least, one issue which has not been investigated, that was the correlation between students’ motivation and their English speaking ability. Therefore, this research was carried out to investigate the correlation between the students’ motivation and their English speaking ability and to find out which type of motivation influenced more on the improvement of students’ English speaking ability at the second year of SMPN 19 Bandar Lampung in the academic year 2012 – 2013.

2.2 The Concept of Motivation