Developmental episodes Peak episode

Pre-NO Pre-NI S V OC Post-NI Post-NO 8a U-Seluhanga aalolasiidze P2 kuno na kuno D:Ref Seluhanga she.looked.around there and there 8b neke --- avone CNS.S kungaya muunu then she.saw there.is.no person 9 --- Ikwingilaga CNS mu kaaye ya mufwile yula D:Dist she.entered in home of widower that One day she passed by someone’s home. This person lived alone, what’s more he was a widower, his wife died many years ago. Seluhanga looked around and saw there was no one. She went into the widower’s home. After the initial sentence of this example, there is a backgrounded section sentence 7 and then the event line continues with a far past perfective 8a and then two different consecutive verb forms 8b and 9. Other examples of the first use of consecutive verb forms appearing in the inciting episode can be seen in Child and Big Bird 2b and Spider and Hare 3b. Further examples of kigono kimwinga ‘one day’ are found in Dog and Leopard 4 and Ndegenyi 3a.

1.3.3 Developmental episodes

Developmental episodes may start in a variety of ways and the text corpus does not suggest that there are particular linguistic features which are associated with the start of developmental episodes, as opposed to the start of other types of narrative sections. When narrative sections in general are taken together excluding text-initial orientation sections, it is more likely to find a temporal point of departure in the initial sentence than to find one in sentences which do not occur initially in such sections. Several examples of this can be seen in Dog and Leopard, such as the following: 5 Dog and Leopard 23a–23b Pre-NO Pre-NI S V OC Post-NI Post-NO 23a Ikigono kya wuvili --- vaafwimile P2 kitambulila kiinu day of two they.hunted without.being.successful thing 23b --- vaagonile P2 kitaliya they.slept without.eating The second day they hunted without sucess and went to sleep without eating. See also 24a and 29 in the same text. In terms of tense and aspect, there are two main strategies seen in developmental episodes. In one, the main event line is expressed by the far past perfective with the occasional use of consecutive verb forms and in the other, the main event line is expressed by consecutive verb forms only, as is discussed in section 5.2.

1.3.4 Peak episode

Peak episodes show a slight tendency to contain more examples of the connective neke ‘then’ and the consecutive subjunctive verb forms than other types of narrative episodes see section 3.2 for further discussion of this connective. In Child and Big Bird, for example, three of the six examples of neke in the text occur in the peak episode. Similarly, in Ndegenyi, two of the four examples of neke in the text occur in the peak episode. In Dog and Leopard, the peak episode begins with an example of the connective neke. 6 Dog and Leopard 48a–48d Pre-NO Pre-NI S V OC Post-NI Post-NO 48a Neke avange ukulagidza CNS.S amaligo makomi ku Mbwa then he.started to.throw insults big at dog 48b --- itigila PRES [48c–49c] he.says 48c [Uveeve ve wilagwave --- ulatangana F2 yousg yousg trickster yousg.will.meet 48d na kiki kikumile ANT with what it.should.swallow.yousg Then he started to throw big insults at Dog, saying, “You trickster you, what will you meet with that should swallow you? A further example of the connective can be seen in the peak episode of the Seluhanga text. 7 Seluhanga 17a–18 Pre-NO Pre-NI S V OC Post-NI Post-NO 17a Umunya kaaye amwibite P2 one.with home he.caught.her 17b neke --- amubamidze CNS.S paasi then he.slammed.her down 18 Umuhiidzi yula D:Dist aadeenyike P2 ilivoko nu mugongo thief that she.broke arm and back The home owner caught her and then slammed her down. That thief broke her arm and back.

1.3.5 Denouement