CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATION
6.0 Conclusion
6.1 Recommendation
REFERENCES APPENDICES
52 52
43
55 57
LIST OF TABLES
NO. TITLE
PAGE
2.1 3.1
3.2 4.1
4.2 a 4.2 b
4.2 c 4.2 d
4.2 e 4.3 ai
4.3 bi 4.3 ci
4.3 di 4.3 ei
Advantages and disadvantages of diesel engine The engine specifications
List of equipment Results of HC and CO
2
Results of fuel consumption for Test 1 Results of fuel consumption for Test 2
Results of fuel consumption for Test 3 Results of fuel consumption for Test 4
Results of fuel consumption for Test 5 Fuel consumption of diesel engine at certain speed for Test 1
Fuel consumption of diesel engine at certain speed for Test 2 Fuel consumption of diesel engine at certain speed for Test 3
Fuel consumption of diesel engine at certain speed for Test 4 Fuel consumption of diesel engine at certain speed for Test 5
6 18
25 28
29 29
29 30
30 41
42 43
44 45
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. TITLE
PAGE
2.1 Diesel engine cycle
7 2.2
Classification of objects in CO
2
capture plant 10
2.3 Schematic diagram of catalytic converter
13 2.4
Honeycomb catalytic converter 13
2.5 Ceramic beads 1 pellet type
14 3.1
3.2 3.3
Flow chart of the project Gantt chart for PSM 1
Gantt chart for PSM 16
17 17
3.4 3.5
3.6 3.7
3.8 3.9
3.10 a 3.10 b
3.10 c 3.11 a
3.11 b 4.1 ai
4.1 aii 4.1 bi
Single cylinder diesel engine Gas analyser
Isometric view Front view
Side view Top view
Diesel engine CO
2
trap Cylindrical container
CO
2
capture experiment Fuel consumption experiment
Graph of HC for Test 1 Graph of CO
2
for Test 1 Graph of HC for Test 2
18 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
23 24
24 31
31 32
4.1 bii 4.1 ci
4.1 cii 4.1 di
4.1 dii 4.1 ei
4.1 eii 4.2 ai
4.2 aii 4.2 bi
4.2 bii 4.2 ci
4.2 cii 4.2 di
4.2 dii 4.2 ei
4.2 eii 4.3 aii
4.3 bii 4.3 cii
4.3 dii 4.3 eii
5.1 5.2
5.3 5.4
Graph of CO
2
for Test 2 Graph of HC for Test 3
Graph of CO
2
for Test 3 Graph of HC for Test 4
Graph of CO
2
for Test 4 Graph of HC for Test 5
Graph of CO
2
for Test 5 Graph of power for Test 1
Graph of torque for Test 1 Graph of power for Test 2
Graph of torque for Test 2 Graph of power for Test 3
Graph of torque for Test 3 Graph of power for Test 4
Graph of torque for Test 4 Graph of power for Test 5
Graph of torque for Test 5 Graph of the fuel consumption for Test 1
Graph of the fuel consumption for Test 2 Graph of the fuel consumption for Test 3
Graph of the fuel consumption for Test 4 Graph of the fuel consumption for Test 5
HC measured in the trap for Test 1 CO
2
measured in the trap for Test 1 Power and torque against engine speed
for Test 5 Fuel consumption for Test 5
32 33
33 34
34 35
35 36
36 37
37 38
38 39
39 40
40 41
42 43
44 45
49 49
50 50
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CO
2
= Carbon Dioxide
CAD =
Computer Aided Drawing DI
= Direct Injection
IDI =
Indirect Injection UV
= Ultra Violet
CATIA = Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application
CO =
Carbon Monoxide NO
x
= Nitrogen Oxide
TDC =
Top Dead Center CCS
= Carbon Capture and Storage
HC =
Hydrocarbon PSM
= Projek Sarjana Muda
2D =
Two Dimensional 3D
= Three Dimensional
rpm =
rotation per minute ppm
= parts per millions
Hp =
Horsepower Nm
= Newton meter
ml =
milliliter
s =
second l
= liter
O
2
= Oxygen
N
2
= Nitrogen
H
2
O =
Water BSFC
= Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
r =
Fuel consumption rate P
= Power
km =
kilometer
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the
combustion chamber. It is also known as compression-ignition engine. This is different with spark-ignition engines such as petrol engine and gas engine which use
a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. Diesel engine is manufacture in two-stroke and four-stroke. This type of engine usually used in submarines, locomotives, trucks,
ships, automotives, agricultures and heavy duty industry.
Mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, CO
2
will produce methane. Hydromethane is the blending of hydrogen and methane. The uses of this blending
with small percentage of hydrogen mixed to compressed natural gas will increase the efficiency of internal combustion. It also reduces CO
2
emissions due to the lower carbon content and decrease fuel consumption. This blending is more clean. Other
process that relates is methanation. Methanation is the reaction by which carbon oxides and hydrogen are converted to methane and water. Purposes of methanation
are to remove traces of carbon oxides and to manufacture methane.
This project will investigates the process to capturing CO
2
from exhaust emission and reuse it for producing hydromethane through conceptual design of
CAD for CO
2
trap in hydromethane exhaust system. Literature review on hydrocarbon conversion to CO
2
and emission measurement at various locations for optimisation will be perform.
At the end of this project, CO
2
capture will produce effective system that can be use in the future. Hopefully, it can be implement especially in industries.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Kategori