USING TRANSLATION AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE VOCABULARY OF XC STUDENTS AT MAN 1 MALANG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

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USING TRANSLATION AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE

VOCABULARY OF XC STUDENTS

AT MAN 1 MALANG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

THESIS

By:

FARHAN HIMMAWAN

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG


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ii

USING TRANSLATION AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE

VOCABULARY OF XC STUDENTS

AT MAN 1 MALANG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

THESIS

By:

FARHAN HIMMAWAN

09360153

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG


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ADVISORS’ APPROVAL PAGE


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iv

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL PAGE

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on July 31, 2013

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Examiners:

1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd 2. Riski Lestiono, M.A

3. Drs. Munash Fauzie Anwar, M.M 4. Khairudin, M.Pd


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my thanks to Allah SWT. My deepest gratitude to the Almighty for his blessing and guidance bestowed to me in composing and finishing this thesis.

The completion of this thesis was possible with support, assistance, guidance, and encouragement from many people. I would like to sincerely express my gratitude, respect, and admiration to all people who had been involved in my study.

The writer like to express my deepest gratitude to Drs. Munash Fauzie Anwar, M.M., my first advisor, for the valuable guidance, suggestion and the time spent and the power spent in giving correction. My sincere gratitude also addressed to Mr. Khairudin, M.Pd., for his suggestion, careful proofreading of the whole parts of the thesis.

May sincere thanks are also addressed to all my lectures in Under Graduate Program at English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang; Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, M.Ed., Drs. Muhammad, M.Pd, Dra. Dwi Poedjiastutie, M.Pd., Dra. Thatit Manon Andini, M.Hum, Hj. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd, Drs. Marzuki, M.Pd, Dra. Sri Hartiningsih, M.Pd, and Soeparto, M.Pd, who helped me in learning valuable knowledge concerning English and its’ teaching.

Sincere thank is also dedicated to Drs. Samsudin, M.Pd., the Headmaster of MAN 1 Malang, who allowed me to conduct the research there. Aulia Rahmayanti, S.S., the English teacher of MAN 1 Malang, for her readiness and patience as my collaborator during the research of this study. Respectable is given to the students of class XC for their spirits.

I also would like to express my deepest gratitude to; my family, my teachers, and my students, who always give me spirit, support, motivation, and prayers for my success.


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Finally, I don’t forget to address my special gratitude to my brothers and sisters in Komisariat Raushan Fikr, BEMFA FKIP, ESA Progresio, and Class C English Department UMM, for their cheerful and brother-ship since the first meeting that created joyful experiences of learning there.

July 2013 The Writer


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE ……….. i

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL PAGE ………. ii

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL PAGE …………...……….. iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ……….. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……….…. v

ABSTRACT………... vii

TABLE OF CONTENT ………. … viii

LIST OF APPENDICES …….……… xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ………... 1

1.1 Background of Study ……….…………... 1

1.2 Statement of Problem/Study ……….……... 5

1.3 Objective of Study ……….…. 5

1.4 Significance of Study ………... 5

1.5 Scope and Limitation ………... 5

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ……… 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……….. 7

2.1 Definition of vocabulary ………..…….. 7

2.2 Kinds of vocabulary ……….. 8

2.3 Vocabulary development ……….. 9

2.4 Vocabulary in translation ………... 9

2.5 Definition of translation ……… 10

2.6 Methods of translation ……….. 11

2.7 Techniques and Principle of translation ………. 12

2.8 Translation activity and meaning in context ………. 13


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2.10 Process of translation ………... 14

2.11 Translation as a strategy……….. 15

2.12 Previous study ………... 16

CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……… 18

3.1 Research Design ………..………... 18

3.2 Setting and Subject of the Study…….………. 19

3.3 Research Procedure ………. 20

3.3.1 Preliminary Study ………...………….. 20

3.3.2 Implementing of the Study ……….……..…… 21

3.3.2.1Planning ………..…………. 21

3.3.2.1.1 Designing Lesson Plan ………..………. 21

3.3.2.1.2 Preparing Instructional Materials and Media …………... 21

3.3.2.1.3 Preparing the Criteria of Success ………..…….. 22

3.3.3 Implementing the Action ………..…... 22

3.3.4.1 First Meeting ………. 23

3.3.4.2 Second Meeting ………. 23

3.3.4.3 Third Meeting ……….. 25

3.3.4 Observation ……….. 25

3.3.4.1Field Notes ………. 25

3.3.4.2Scoring Rubric of Vocabulary Achievement ………..… 26

3.3.5 Reflection ……….………. 28

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ..……….. 29

4.1 Cycle One……….... 29

4.1.1 Planning ………. 30

4.1.2 Action ………. 30

4.1.2.1 First Meeting ……… 30

4.1.2.2 Second Meeting ……….………... 31

4.1.2.3 Third Meeting ……….. 32

4.1.3 Observation ………... 33

4.1.4 Reflection ……….. 34

4.2 Findings ………... 36


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CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………... 40

5.1. Conclusion ……… 40

5.2. Suggestion ……….… 41

REFERENCES ……….. 42


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Students’ Vocabulary Achievement Score on Preliminary .. 45 Appendix 2 Lesson Plan on Cycle One……… 47

Appendix 3 Students’ Vocabulary Achievement Score on Cycle One….. 69

Appendix 4 Field Notes ………. 71


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REFERENCES

Zulkhaeriyah. 2012. Increasing Vocabulary through Translation of Indonesian Short Story into English. Thesis Unpublished. Makassar: English Department Faculty of Letters.

Liao, Posen. 2006. EFL Learners’ Beliefs about and Strategy Use of Translation in English Learning. London: SAGE Publication.

Latief, Muhammad Adnan. 2009. Classroom Action Research in Language Learning. (Online), (www.adnanlatief@yahoo.com).

Sutirjo.2008. Menulis PTK Senikmat Minum Teh. Malang: UM Press.

Hornby, AS. 1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London: Oxford University Press.

Oxford 2000. Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New York. Oxford.

Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily. 1992. An Indonesian English Dictionary. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Jakarta.

Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily. 1992. An English Indonesian Dictionary. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Jakarta.

. . 2013. News Item Text Penjelasan & Contoh. (Online), (www.englishindo.com).

Afrizal, John. 2013. Jambi to Build Flood Control System. (Online), (www.thejakartapost.com).

Afrizal, John. 2013. Flood Hits Eight Jambi Districts.(Online), (www.thejakartapost.com).

. http//meriam-webster.com/dictionary/vocabulary.

Kusuma, Feni Ike. 2007. “Technique for Translating English Sentences”. The Paper is presented for Seminar on English Language Teaching, FTTE. Ahmad Dahlan University.

Catford.LC. 1969.A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of Language Teaching. London: Courier International.


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Newmark, Peter. 1982. Approaches to Translation. Oxford : Pergamon Press. Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of

Translation. Leiden : E.J. Brill.

Sudijono, Anas. 2011. Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Choliludin. 2005. The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation. Bekasi:

VISIPRO.

Kemmis, S., McTaggert, M. 1988 The Action Research Planner.(3rd edition). Victoria: Deakin University.


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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter has six sections. They are the background of study, statement of problem, objective of study, scope and limitation of study, significance of study, and the last is definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

It has been known that the language is an important media to communicate in human life. Through the language, we can interact and convey our thoughts, desires, ideas, wishes and feeling to other people. English as a language widely used in the world plays an important role in international relationship. It has become a communication tool among countries in business field, politics, diplomatic and other international relationships.

Nowadays, English in Indonesia has become a very important language. English has been learnt from elementary school to universities as a foreign language. Although English has been studied for years, the students still find many difficulties in using and studying it, such as in grammar, vocabulary, spelling, etc. These are because every language has its own system, such as vocabulary. Someone cannot speak English well if they don’t have vocabulary. For that, if someone wants to speak English well, she/he must have a lot of vocabulary in their pocket. Someone can get and study vocabulary in the classroom or in a course place.

Teaching English vocabulary as foreign language classroom is not easy. Some students like to study English and some others do not. Teachers, in this


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case, have a big role to motivate all of them to have the same perception about the importance of English today. They should be aware that by knowing English vocabulary, it will help them to understand English easily, both spoken and written form.

The mastery of vocabulary becomes very essential in supporting a foreign language skill. In other side, vocabulary building is not easy thing to do because there are many various meanings, word forms, and also word choices. Therefore, English teachers are expected to create some exercises and activities for the students in order to increase the students’ vocabulary.

Realizing the importance of vocabulary building for the students, teachers must take an effort to develop their students’ vocabulary. There are many teaching techniques or strategies that teachers can use.

Since language learning strategy research mushroomed and various classifications of these strategies were carried out, translation has usually been identified as one of the cognitive learning strategies (Posen Liao, 2006:192). O’Malley et al.’s (1985) also said that translation was found to be a frequently used learning strategy, and translation can help in vocabulary acquisition. Husain in Posen Liao (2006: 196) also said that translation strategy could enhance English learning in general. He discovered that students who used translation tended to make more gains in learning vocabulary and phrases, compared to a lower level gain in learning tenses. So, these researchers believed that strategic learners can make intelligent use of the repertoire of their first language (L1) skills and translation in order to learn a new language.


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Moreover, (Harmer, 1991:162) stated that translation is a guide and easy way to present the meaning of words without problems. In the first place, it’s not always easy to translate words. In the second place, even where translation is possible, it may take a bit too easy for student by discouraging them from the interacting with the words.

From the English teacher of class XC MAN 1 Malang, the researcher got information that there are 33 students in this class in the final test at first semester, most of them got low score, and small of them got good score from parallel class. The teacher concluded that some of students have a small number of vocabularies. Therefore, the teacher wanted to find a strategy to improve their vocabulary and to improve their skill of English.

Dealing with the statement above, the researcher wanted to ask the students to think of translation to increase their vocabulary because the researcher assumed that the student who are knowing about translation and more often doing translation, are more often finding kind of vocabulary, and they should try to find the meaning. Besides, finding the vocabularies in the dictionary or having the drawing of the meaning, they will probably understand more and keep the words longer in their mind. They will be able to use the words in their conversation because they know the appropriate use of the words that they can find in the sentence shown as example in the dictionary.

Based on the reason above, the researcher is interested in discussing this research with the title “The Using of Translation to Increase Vocabulary of XC Students at MAN 1 Malang in Academic Year 2012/2013”. The researcher chooses this title because of the preliminary observation, he got information that


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the problems that the students have in studying and teaching English is vocabulary. In this context, they don’t have many vocabularies, so that they cannot understand what someone says or what someone writes. Therefore, in this research, the researcher tries to use this method to increase student’s vocabulary.

Previous research conducted by Zulkhaeriyah (2012) shows that learning strategy through translating Indonesian short story into English has good contribution in the students’ vocabularies. She investigated the effect of translation strategy on vocabulary of year two students of SMA Negeri 1 Watampone. She took 20 students as the sample of the research and used translation Indonesian short story as the test. She applied one group pretest and posttest design giving treatment by using translation of Indonesian short story into English, she found that vocabulary achievement in post-test (72.15) was higher than in pre-test (38.04).

The previous researcher above showed that Translating Indonesian short story into English is a successful strategy in learning because it is very useful to improve students’ vocabulary, the students can work together to practice their language ability. In which, they can change and share information, reinforce each other, give feedback and they are also responsible for their answers group. Therefore, the researcher is interested in applying translation as a strategy to increase students’ vocabularies and to provide practical and theoretical solution on English learning generally, and particularly vocabulary development in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Malang.


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1.2 Statement of Problem

From the explanation above, the statement of problem is formulated as follows:

How can the translation strategy make the students’ vocabulary at class XC of MAN 1 Malang improve?

1.3 Objective of Study

To describe how using translation strategy can improve the students’ vocabulary of class XC MAN1 Malang.

1.4 Significance of Study

a. To improve students’ English vocabulary, particularly for students of class XC MAN 1 Malang.

b. To enrich the teaching technique for the English teacher to be applied in the classroom to improve the students’ vocabulary.

c. To become a reference for further researcher.

d. To give beneficial contribution for the improvement of the education of the school

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The researcher limits this research in the using of translating English news as a strategy on the first year students at MAN I Malang. The scope of this study focuses on students’ vocabulary improvement, particularly in translating English news text taken from The Jakarta Post article. The translating English news text was not included determining generic structure, language features, main idea, and general information from English news text.


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1.6 Definition of Key Terms

a. Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written passage/statement in one language by the name message/statement into another language (Newmark, 1982).

b. Translation as a strategy is the use of translation as a strategy to comprehend, remember, and produce a foreign language (Posen Liao, 2006: 200).

c. Improve means to bring (something) into a more desirable or excellent condition, or to advance or make progress in what is desirable (Meriam Webster Online Dictionary).

d. Vocabularies are all the words that a person knows or uses in particular language that people use when they are talking, especially in a book for learning a foreign language (Hornby, 1969:959).

e. XC students are the students applied translation as strategy to develop their vocabularies in class XC of MAN 1 Malang in Academic Year 2012/2013.


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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter has six sections. They are the background of study, statement of problem, objective of study, scope and limitation of study, significance of study, and the last is definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

It has been known that the language is an important media to communicate in human life. Through the language, we can interact and convey our thoughts, desires, ideas, wishes and feeling to other people. English as a language widely used in the world plays an important role in international relationship. It has become a communication tool among countries in business field, politics, diplomatic and other international relationships.

Nowadays, English in Indonesia has become a very important language. English has been learnt from elementary school to universities as a foreign language. Although English has been studied for years, the students still find many difficulties in using and studying it, such as in grammar, vocabulary, spelling, etc. These are because every language has its own system, such as vocabulary. Someone cannot speak English well if they don’t have vocabulary. For that, if someone wants to speak English well, she/he must have a lot of vocabulary in their pocket. Someone can get and study vocabulary in the classroom or in a course place.

Teaching English vocabulary as foreign language classroom is not easy. Some students like to study English and some others do not. Teachers, in this


(2)

case, have a big role to motivate all of them to have the same perception about the importance of English today. They should be aware that by knowing English vocabulary, it will help them to understand English easily, both spoken and written form.

The mastery of vocabulary becomes very essential in supporting a foreign language skill. In other side, vocabulary building is not easy thing to do because there are many various meanings, word forms, and also word choices. Therefore, English teachers are expected to create some exercises and activities for the students in order to increase the students’ vocabulary.

Realizing the importance of vocabulary building for the students, teachers must take an effort to develop their students’ vocabulary. There are many teaching techniques or strategies that teachers can use.

Since language learning strategy research mushroomed and various classifications of these strategies were carried out, translation has usually been identified as one of the cognitive learning strategies (Posen Liao, 2006:192). O’Malley et al.’s (1985) also said that translation was found to be a frequently used learning strategy, and translation can help in vocabulary acquisition. Husain in Posen Liao (2006: 196) also said that translation strategy could enhance English learning in general. He discovered that students who used translation tended to make more gains in learning vocabulary and phrases, compared to a lower level gain in learning tenses. So, these researchers believed that strategic learners can make intelligent use of the repertoire of their first language (L1) skills and translation in order to learn a new language.


(3)

Moreover, (Harmer, 1991:162) stated that translation is a guide and easy way to present the meaning of words without problems. In the first place, it’s not always easy to translate words. In the second place, even where translation is possible, it may take a bit too easy for student by discouraging them from the interacting with the words.

From the English teacher of class XC MAN 1 Malang, the researcher got information that there are 33 students in this class in the final test at first semester, most of them got low score, and small of them got good score from parallel class. The teacher concluded that some of students have a small number of vocabularies. Therefore, the teacher wanted to find a strategy to improve their vocabulary and to improve their skill of English.

Dealing with the statement above, the researcher wanted to ask the students to think of translation to increase their vocabulary because the researcher assumed that the student who are knowing about translation and more often doing translation, are more often finding kind of vocabulary, and they should try to find the meaning. Besides, finding the vocabularies in the dictionary or having the drawing of the meaning, they will probably understand more and keep the words longer in their mind. They will be able to use the words in their conversation because they know the appropriate use of the words that they can find in the sentence shown as example in the dictionary.

Based on the reason above, the researcher is interested in discussing this research with the title “The Using of Translation to Increase Vocabulary of XC Students at MAN 1 Malang in Academic Year 2012/2013”. The researcher chooses this title because of the preliminary observation, he got information that


(4)

the problems that the students have in studying and teaching English is vocabulary. In this context, they don’t have many vocabularies, so that they cannot understand what someone says or what someone writes. Therefore, in this research, the researcher tries to use this method to increase student’s vocabulary.

Previous research conducted by Zulkhaeriyah (2012) shows that learning strategy through translating Indonesian short story into English has good contribution in the students’ vocabularies. She investigated the effect of translation strategy on vocabulary of year two students of SMA Negeri 1 Watampone. She took 20 students as the sample of the research and used translation Indonesian short story as the test. She applied one group pretest and posttest design giving treatment by using translation of Indonesian short story into English, she found that vocabulary achievement in post-test (72.15) was higher than in pre-test (38.04).

The previous researcher above showed that Translating Indonesian short story into English is a successful strategy in learning because it is very useful to improve students’ vocabulary, the students can work together to practice their language ability. In which, they can change and share information, reinforce each other, give feedback and they are also responsible for their answers group. Therefore, the researcher is interested in applying translation as a strategy to increase students’ vocabularies and to provide practical and theoretical solution on English learning generally, and particularly vocabulary development in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Malang.


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1.2 Statement of Problem

From the explanation above, the statement of problem is formulated as follows:

How can the translation strategy make the students’ vocabulary at class XC of MAN 1 Malang improve?

1.3 Objective of Study

To describe how using translation strategy can improve the students’ vocabulary of class XC MAN1 Malang.

1.4 Significance of Study

a. To improve students’ English vocabulary, particularly for students of class XC MAN 1 Malang.

b. To enrich the teaching technique for the English teacher to be applied in the classroom to improve the students’ vocabulary.

c. To become a reference for further researcher.

d. To give beneficial contribution for the improvement of the education of the school

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The researcher limits this research in the using of translating English news as a strategy on the first year students at MAN I Malang. The scope of this study focuses on students’ vocabulary improvement, particularly in translating English news text taken from The Jakarta Post article. The translating English news text was not included determining generic structure, language features, main idea, and general information from English news text.


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1.6 Definition of Key Terms

a. Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written passage/statement in one language by the name message/statement into another language (Newmark, 1982).

b. Translation as a strategy is the use of translation as a strategy to comprehend, remember, and produce a foreign language (Posen Liao, 2006: 200).

c. Improve means to bring (something) into a more desirable or excellent condition, or to advance or make progress in what is desirable (Meriam Webster Online Dictionary).

d. Vocabularies are all the words that a person knows or uses in particular language that people use when they are talking, especially in a book for learning a foreign language (Hornby, 1969:959).

e. XC students are the students applied translation as strategy to develop their vocabularies in class XC of MAN 1 Malang in Academic Year 2012/2013.


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