Conclusion Suggestion Biological and Economic Evaluation of The Impact of Predators on Oyster Mortality (A Case study in Quiberon Bay, France).

6 Conclusion and Suggestion

6.1 Conclusion

The present study confirm that the highest mortality of oysters is happened in the cultured of adults oysters exposed to predations on the bottom BAP and it happened greatly in the deeper zone almost 100. Indeed, we have identified that there was an impact of predators, gastropods Ocenebra erinacea and Ocinebrillus inornatus and starfishes Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, which existed in Quiberon Bay. Identification with the statistic, showed that starfishes Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis gave significantly great impact with oyster mortality. In each month and station, Marthasterias consumes about 10 oysters and the both starfishes consume 11 oysters. The impact of gastropods is clear apart from in autumn during the reproduction phase of O. inornatus. The relation between oysters mortality and the presence of gastropods were depend on time and according to reproduction cycle. Several months show clearly a predation of oysters and others show a concentration of gastropods for spawning. Based on economic value analysis on oyster culture model at RISCO project shows that BSP was higher than BAP. Economic loss in BAP greatly happen in station 2 and 5, approximately €81.28 - €81.83. On the contrary, station 15 indicate has the higher loss in BSP approximately €54.92 or 363 oysters and for the rest, the economic value was varies between €29.67-€40.30.

6.2 Suggestion

Several suggestion for this study, 1 in the oyster culture, it would be better to use a cage 2 to reduce the predator, it is better to use an empty cage to attract gastropod and during the time of reproduction spring and autumn, lift up the cage and throw the eggs of gastropods, 3 it is better to use a cage which is 55 56 containing the mussels to avoid oysters from predation by predators, and 4 consult with other countries that cultivate more than one species of oyster. 57 Reference Allen, P.L. 1983. Feeding Behaviour of Asterias Rubens L. On Soft Bottom Bivalves: A Study in Selective Predation. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 1983, Vol. 70, pp 79-90. Anderson, M.J. and Connell, S.D. 1999. Predation of Fish on Intertidal Oysters. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 187:203-211 Arin. G and Arin. A., 1976. Farming the European Flat Oyster Ostrea edulis in the Classical Style in Brittany, France. A Multi Disciplinary Treatise. Development in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science 3. 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Case Study Research: Design and Methods,: Newbury Park, Sage Publications, page 23. 64 Appendix oyster mortality data and the presence of predators s t a t i o n m o n t h B A P B S P B A P l i f e B S P l i f e B A P n b B S P n b B A P - B S P o c i n o c e n a s t e r i a s m a r t h a s g a s t r s t a r f i s h 1 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 1 4 6 2 9 4 4 6 1 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 4 5 2 7 0 1 4 - 1 3 3 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 9 2 4 9 6 1 5 1 1 1 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 2 1 8 8 1 7 1 1 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 1 8 8 1 1 1 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 3 5 1 4 1 1 1 7 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 6 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 3 1 1 8 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 5 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 9 2 2 2 7 1 4 8 5 3 1 2 0 1 6 1 6 2 2 0 . 0 5 1 9 7 2 1 1 2 8 8 2 3 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 4 1 1 5 3 9 9 2 4 8 5 2 7 9 2 4 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 5 5 2 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 8 2 9 7 1 0 8 6 2 2 2 6 1 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 3 3 4 8 2 1 2 9 1 1 2 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 5 4 9 3 4 8 1 2 3 2 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 5 8 4 3 7 3 8 1 1 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 5 0 2 7 9 4 - 2 1 1 3 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 2 5 3 2 6 - 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 4 8 2 3 1 2 - 1 2 2 3 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 9 0 1 9 8 4 5 3 4 3 1 1 3 5 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 3 1 8 1 6 3 8 3 5 8 0 1 3 4 3 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 4 3 1 2 5 3 8 3 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 7 4 5 0 2 4 3 8 3 3 3 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 3 9 4 6 4 4 2 5 5 4 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 2 8 3 2 7 - 2 4 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 1 4 7 2 5 5 1 8 - 4 4 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 3 6 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 4 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 2 0 3 5 1 4 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 3 1 1 7 2 1 - 1 1 1 4 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 1 3 7 1 3 4 1 8 - 7 3 3 4 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 1 2 8 1 0 8 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 9 3 7 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 0 2 2 6 2 1 4 8 2 8 1 3 4 1 0 5 1 5 5 2 0 . 1 6 2 0 5 2 3 8 2 2 5 7 5 3 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 1 7 2 1 0 0 1 3 9 3 3 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 2 1 1 3 9 9 7 3 9 5 2 1 2 1 5 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 0 7 1 0 0 2 9 8 5 3 1 8 1 5 6 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 7 1 5 0 2 4 9 2 1 1 3 1 5 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 3 8 4 5 1 4 4 1 1 2 5 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 5 0 5 0 3 1 4 65 6 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 1 2 7 2 8 7 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 6 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 2 6 6 2 5 1 2 5 1 1 6 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 9 9 2 3 8 3 8 6 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 5 2 0 7 4 1 4 6 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 9 3 1 7 7 2 2 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 8 1 4 3 1 - 1 6 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 5 8 1 1 1 4 1 3 5 5 1 0 6 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 5 5 7 9 1 1 5 5 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 5 0 2 9 7 3 - 2 7 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 7 2 7 6 3 1 2 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 6 2 5 5 1 1 7 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 4 5 2 2 1 1 3 - 1 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 3 1 9 1 2 2 1 1 7 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 1 2 1 1 3 8 6 1 5 1 5 1 5 7 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 1 1 4 1 0 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 9 7 3 1 4 1 4 8 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 1 4 2 2 7 4 8 6 5 4 4 8 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 1 2 9 2 5 0 1 3 4 1 1 4 4 8 3 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 4 2 2 9 2 5 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 8 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 7 2 1 9 1 3 2 8 2 8 7 7 8 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 1 4 5 1 5 9 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 6 3 7 8 6 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 2 9 2 4 3 2 3 1 5 2 2 3 7 8 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 6 2 4 9 3 2 5 6 2 2 2 6 2 1 4 7 8 8 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 2 3 9 6 1 5 1 4 3 3 9 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 3 1 4 4 2 7 3 6 7 2 1 1 9 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 1 4 1 2 4 8 3 6 2 2 9 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 3 9 2 2 6 2 2 1 2 2 9 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 1 3 3 1 8 9 6 8 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 3 3 1 5 7 2 - 2 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 1 2 3 9 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 8 0 9 4 1 6 1 6 1 1 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 2 6 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 3 7 8 2 7 3 7 2 7 6 8 2 8 2 2 8 2 1 0 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 2 6 5 2 4 8 1 3 5 1 1 4 4 1 0 3 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 5 0 2 2 6 5 0 2 4 9 1 4 1 4 1 0 4 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 4 4 1 1 9 1 6 0 7 5 6 1 5 1 5 1 0 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 2 5 0 1 5 7 4 2 4 4 0 1 3 3 1 6 1 0 6 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 2 3 2 1 2 7 1 8 2 1 7 7 7 1 0 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 2 9 9 2 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 3 2 1 1 0 8 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 6 1 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 2 1 2 8 2 9 5 2 2 5 2 0 2 6 2 6 66 BAP-BSP = Number dead Oysters BAP – Number life oysters in BAP + Number dead Oysters in BAP X Percentage dead oysters in BSP 1 1 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 2 1 1 1 2 7 0 1 7 5 1 5 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 5 2 2 4 3 5 9 7 5 6 1 5 2 1 7 1 1 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 1 6 2 1 8 9 3 2 2 4 2 1 6 6 1 1 5 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 6 2 1 5 6 1 8 3 1 6 9 8 1 7 1 1 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 7 0 1 0 8 2 1 2 - 5 2 2 4 2 6 1 1 7 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 6 4 4 7 3 2 1 5 1 7 2 3 9 0 1 1 3 1 1 8 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 2 3 5 4 4 1 0 1 9 3 4 6 6 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 1 3 6 2 1 9 1 4 1 1 7 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 7 1 4 1 8 7 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 9 2 1 9 3 1 2 3 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 5 2 1 5 9 9 6 8 9 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 2 2 3 1 2 7 7 4 2 7 2 1 6 1 6 1 2 5 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 6 6 9 6 3 0 1 2 9 5 1 9 2 2 4 2 1 2 6 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 9 5 8 6 2 9 6 3 1 0 7 1 7 1 2 7 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 5 6 4 4 1 0 0 1 2 8 0 . 3 6 3 0 1 7 1 7 2 1 8 2 0 1 3 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 5 1 1 2 2 7 5 3 8 1 5 3 0 7 1 4 8 4 1 3 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 5 1 8 2 4 3 9 4 1 2 8 9 3 5 1 3 6 1 3 3 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 5 5 2 1 2 9 5 1 1 9 0 8 4 8 4 1 3 4 0 . 9 7 0 . 0 3 3 1 7 4 9 7 6 9 4 7 3 1 7 4 1 3 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 4 3 8 8 1 8 7 5 4 5 4 1 3 6 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 4 7 1 0 9 9 2 8 9 9 1 3 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 7 3 4 8 4 4 6 8 8 1 3 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 8 2 2 2 0 2 1 4 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 3 1 0 0 2 7 2 6 6 8 6 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 9 8 2 4 8 2 5 1 1 1 4 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 9 6 2 2 6 4 2 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 4 8 1 9 4 5 3 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 5 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 6 7 5 1 5 4 9 1 0 4 3 3 1 4 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 6 6 1 2 5 9 4 7 2 2 1 4 7 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 6 8 8 6 6 2 2 8 1 0 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 8 4 3 5 6 7 5 3 8 1 8 1 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 6 1 2 6 2 3 5 2 4 1 5 1 5 2 9 2 3 1 1 5 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 2 6 9 1 1 9 6 3 5 7 0 2 1 4 1 4 1 5 3 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 9 7 8 1 6 0 2 2 1 6 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 5 4 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 4 7 1 2 3 5 6 7 5 0 7 7 1 5 5 0 . 7 7 0 . 1 3 2 2 8 1 7 3 1 2 6 1 8 1 8 2 6 1 5 6 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 6 1 8 3 5 3 0 1 2 1 8 2 8 1 9 4 7 1 5 7 0 . 8 5 0 . 6 5 7 3 5 4 0 6 4 1 0 6 6 2 7 6 3 4 2 1 5 8 0 . 6 3 1 5 2 6 2 6 1 8 3 4 5 2 ABSTRACT IKA MEIDY DEVIARNI. Biological and Economic Evaluation of The Impact of Predators on Oyster Mortality A Case study in Quiberon Bay, France. Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiska R. Zakaria, M.Sc and Dr. Ir. Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo, DEA Since the year of 2000 and especially 2006, the oyster mortality rates have reached quite unusual, estimated at 60 mortality in a breeding cycle ending in late 2006 in Quiberon Bay. This mortality brought a great impact on the Frances economy since oyster cultures are activities of collective small scale industry of great importance economic. So, in this study, we observed the effects of oyster mortality in terms of biology and economics value. The impact of predators in Quiberon Bay France, was examined. The objectives of this study are to analyse Risks in Shellfish Farming RISCO located in Quiberon Bay data on oyster mortality, to determine effect of predators on oyster culture, to map the distribution of different types of predators and to calculate the economic analysis of oyster mortality. We investigated the potential role of two species of starfishes, Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis and two species of gastropods, Ocenebra erinacea and Ocenebrillus inornatus. Marthasterias glacialis indicated a great impact on mortality of adult oysters. The relation between oysters mortality and the presence of gastropods were time dependent and according to reproductive cycle. Several months show clearly a predation of oysters and concentration of gastropods for spawning. Predators on oyster culture also indicated a great impact in economic value. The economic value on on oyster culture model applied at RISCO project shows that BSP was higher than BAP. Economic loss in BAP greatly happen in station 2 and 5, approximately €81.28 - €81.83. On the contrary, station 15 indicate has the higher loss in BSP approximately €54.92 or 363 oysters and for the rest, the economic value was varies between €29.67-€40.30. Key words: Crassostrea gigas, Mortality, Predators, Quiberon Bay, Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, Ocenebra erinacea and Ocenebrillus inornatus. 64 Appendix oyster mortality data and the presence of predators s t a t i o n m o n t h B A P B S P B A P l i f e B S P l i f e B A P n b B S P n b B A P - B S P o c i n o c e n a s t e r i a s m a r t h a s g a s t r s t a r f i s h 1 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 1 4 6 2 9 4 4 6 1 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 4 5 2 7 0 1 4 - 1 3 3 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 9 2 4 9 6 1 5 1 1 1 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 2 1 8 8 1 7 1 1 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 1 8 8 1 1 1 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 3 5 1 4 1 1 1 7 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 6 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 3 1 1 8 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 5 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 9 2 2 2 7 1 4 8 5 3 1 2 0 1 6 1 6 2 2 0 . 0 5 1 9 7 2 1 1 2 8 8 2 3 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 4 1 1 5 3 9 9 2 4 8 5 2 7 9 2 4 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 5 5 2 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 8 2 9 7 1 0 8 6 2 2 2 6 1 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 3 3 4 8 2 1 2 9 1 1 2 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 5 4 9 3 4 8 1 2 3 2 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 5 8 4 3 7 3 8 1 1 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 5 0 2 7 9 4 - 2 1 1 3 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 2 5 3 2 6 - 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 4 8 2 3 1 2 - 1 2 2 3 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 9 0 1 9 8 4 5 3 4 3 1 1 3 5 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 3 1 8 1 6 3 8 3 5 8 0 1 3 4 3 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 4 3 1 2 5 3 8 3 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 7 4 5 0 2 4 3 8 3 3 3 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 3 9 4 6 4 4 2 5 5 4 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 2 8 3 2 7 - 2 4 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 1 4 7 2 5 5 1 8 - 4 4 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 3 6 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 4 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 2 0 3 5 1 4 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 3 1 1 7 2 1 - 1 1 1 4 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 1 3 7 1 3 4 1 8 - 7 3 3 4 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 1 2 8 1 0 8 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 9 3 7 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 0 2 2 6 2 1 4 8 2 8 1 3 4 1 0 5 1 5 5 2 0 . 1 6 2 0 5 2 3 8 2 2 5 7 5 3 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 1 7 2 1 0 0 1 3 9 3 3 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 2 1 1 3 9 9 7 3 9 5 2 1 2 1 5 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 0 7 1 0 0 2 9 8 5 3 1 8 1 5 6 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 7 1 5 0 2 4 9 2 1 1 3 1 5 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 3 8 4 5 1 4 4 1 1 2 5 8 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 5 0 5 0 3 1 4 65 6 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 1 2 7 2 8 7 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 6 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 2 6 6 2 5 1 2 5 1 1 6 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 9 9 2 3 8 3 8 6 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 5 2 0 7 4 1 4 6 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 9 3 1 7 7 2 2 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 8 1 4 3 1 - 1 6 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 5 8 1 1 1 4 1 3 5 5 1 0 6 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 5 5 7 9 1 1 5 5 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 5 0 2 9 7 3 - 2 7 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 7 2 7 6 3 1 2 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 6 2 5 5 1 1 7 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 4 5 2 2 1 1 3 - 1 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 3 1 9 1 2 2 1 1 7 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 1 2 1 1 3 8 6 1 5 1 5 1 5 7 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 1 1 4 1 0 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 9 7 3 1 4 1 4 8 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 1 4 2 2 7 4 8 6 5 4 4 8 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 1 2 9 2 5 0 1 3 4 1 1 4 4 8 3 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 4 2 2 9 2 5 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 8 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 7 2 1 9 1 3 2 8 2 8 7 7 8 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 1 4 5 1 5 9 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 6 3 7 8 6 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 2 9 2 4 3 2 3 1 5 2 2 3 7 8 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 6 2 4 9 3 2 5 6 2 2 2 6 2 1 4 7 8 8 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 2 3 9 6 1 5 1 4 3 3 9 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 3 1 4 4 2 7 3 6 7 2 1 1 9 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 1 4 1 2 4 8 3 6 2 2 9 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 3 9 2 2 6 2 2 1 2 2 9 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 1 3 3 1 8 9 6 8 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 3 3 1 5 7 2 - 2 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 1 2 3 9 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 8 0 9 4 1 6 1 6 1 1 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 2 6 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 3 7 8 2 7 3 7 2 7 6 8 2 8 2 2 8 2 1 0 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 2 6 5 2 4 8 1 3 5 1 1 4 4 1 0 3 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 5 0 2 2 6 5 0 2 4 9 1 4 1 4 1 0 4 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 4 4 1 1 9 1 6 0 7 5 6 1 5 1 5 1 0 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 2 5 0 1 5 7 4 2 4 4 0 1 3 3 1 6 1 0 6 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 2 3 2 1 2 7 1 8 2 1 7 7 7 1 0 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 2 9 9 2 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 3 2 1 1 0 8 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 6 1 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 2 1 2 8 2 9 5 2 2 5 2 0 2 6 2 6 66 BAP-BSP = Number dead Oysters BAP – Number life oysters in BAP + Number dead Oysters in BAP X Percentage dead oysters in BSP 1 1 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 2 1 1 1 2 7 0 1 7 5 1 5 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 5 2 2 4 3 5 9 7 5 6 1 5 2 1 7 1 1 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 1 6 2 1 8 9 3 2 2 4 2 1 6 6 1 1 5 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 6 2 1 5 6 1 8 3 1 6 9 8 1 7 1 1 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 7 0 1 0 8 2 1 2 - 5 2 2 4 2 6 1 1 7 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 6 4 4 7 3 2 1 5 1 7 2 3 9 0 1 1 3 1 1 8 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 2 3 5 4 4 1 0 1 9 3 4 6 6 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 1 3 6 2 1 9 1 4 1 1 7 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 7 1 4 1 8 7 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 9 2 1 9 3 1 2 3 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 5 2 1 5 9 9 6 8 9 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 2 2 3 1 2 7 7 4 2 7 2 1 6 1 6 1 2 5 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 6 6 9 6 3 0 1 2 9 5 1 9 2 2 4 2 1 2 6 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 9 5 8 6 2 9 6 3 1 0 7 1 7 1 2 7 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 5 6 4 4 1 0 0 1 2 8 0 . 3 6 3 0 1 7 1 7 2 1 8 2 0 1 3 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 5 1 1 2 2 7 5 3 8 1 5 3 0 7 1 4 8 4 1 3 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 5 1 8 2 4 3 9 4 1 2 8 9 3 5 1 3 6 1 3 3 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 5 5 2 1 2 9 5 1 1 9 0 8 4 8 4 1 3 4 0 . 9 7 0 . 0 3 3 1 7 4 9 7 6 9 4 7 3 1 7 4 1 3 5 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 4 3 8 8 1 8 7 5 4 5 4 1 3 6 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 4 7 1 0 9 9 2 8 9 9 1 3 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 7 3 4 8 4 4 6 8 8 1 3 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 8 2 2 2 0 2 1 4 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 3 1 0 0 2 7 2 6 6 8 6 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 9 8 2 4 8 2 5 1 1 1 4 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 9 6 2 2 6 4 2 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 4 8 1 9 4 5 3 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 5 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 6 7 5 1 5 4 9 1 0 4 3 3 1 4 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 6 6 1 2 5 9 4 7 2 2 1 4 7 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 6 8 8 6 6 2 2 8 1 0 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 8 4 3 5 6 7 5 3 8 1 8 1 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 6 1 2 6 2 3 5 2 4 1 5 1 5 2 9 2 3 1 1 5 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 2 6 9 1 1 9 6 3 5 7 0 2 1 4 1 4 1 5 3 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 9 7 8 1 6 0 2 2 1 6 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 5 4 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 4 7 1 2 3 5 6 7 5 0 7 7 1 5 5 0 . 7 7 0 . 1 3 2 2 8 1 7 3 1 2 6 1 8 1 8 2 6 1 5 6 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 6 1 8 3 5 3 0 1 2 1 8 2 8 1 9 4 7 1 5 7 0 . 8 5 0 . 6 5 7 3 5 4 0 6 4 1 0 6 6 2 7 6 3 4 2 1 5 8 0 . 6 3 1 5 2 6 2 6 1 8 3 4 5 2 1 Introduction

1.1 Background