16, 622–632. 20, 611–615. Analysis of mass transfer parameters
more inter-phase mass transfer terms, although possibly providing better fit to experimental data, can lead to diffi-
culty in determining actual best-fit values. The problem of determining unique values for each term may be due to a
high degree of correlation between terms such as the wetting phase film thickness and the specific interfacial area, or to
the small influence of a term on the final model results, such as the non-wetting phase film thickness.
Additional experimental data should provide more insight into which mass transfer terms can be uniquely determined
and which terms can be combined as effective parameters. From sensitivity studies, it can be concluded that additional
saturation and wetting phase concentration data will likely not provide information regarding the non-wetting film
thickness, or the ratio of the wetting phase film thickness to the interfacial area. Non-wetting phase composition data
should, however, provide insight into the non-wetting phase film thickness.
From model calibration using alcohol flooding data for an IPA–water–PCE
ternary system,
conditions that
approached equilibrium were found to occur. Increased mass transfer rates had very little impact on simulation out-
come. For alcohol flooding using a 1-propanol–water–TCE system, significant differences were found when comparing
results from the equilibrium and the non-equilibrium models. Although these findings are preliminary, it is sug-
gested that application of an equilibrium assumption to an alcohol flood where alcohol tends to swell the organic
should be used with caution.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work contained in this paper was supported by Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc. of Oak Ridge National
Laboratories in Oak Ridge, Tennessee under subcontract No. 19Y-GUG26V. Additional funding was provided by
the Solvents in Groundwater Consortium which receives support from Boeing, Ciba-Geigy, Eastman Kodak, General
Electric, Motorola, PPG, and UTC. Further acknowledg- ment is given to the Natural Science and Engineering
Research Council of Canada and Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. A special acknowledgment is extended
to Dr. Ross Taylor at Clarkson University for advice on multicomponent mass transfer and for review of the mass
transfer equation development.
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