Risk management support through India Remote Sensing Satellites
N Aparna
a,
, A V Ramani
b
R Nagaraja
c a
Scientist Engineer “SG”, Head Mission Interface and User Services NRSC-NDC - aparna_nnrsc.gov.in
b
Scientist Engineer “SF” MIUS NRSC-NDC –ramani_avnrsc.gov.in
c
Group Director NDC-NRSC :nagaraja_rnrsc.gov.in
Commission VI, WG VI4 KEY WORDS: Payload planning, Emergency planning, Operational Remote Sensing Systems, GIS
ABSTRACT Remote Sensing along with Geographical Information System GIS has been proven as a very important tools for the monitoring of
the Earth resources and the detection of its temporal variations. A variety of operational National applications in the fields of Crop yield estimation , flood monitoring, forest fire detection, landslide and land cover variations were shown in the last 25 years using the
Remote Sensing data. The technology has proven very useful for risk management like by mapping of flood inundated areas identifying of escape routes and for identifying the locations of temporary housing or a-posteriori evaluation of damaged areas etc.
The demand and need for Remote Sensing satellite data for such applications has increased tremendously. This can be attributed to the technology adaptation and also the happening of disasters due to the global climate changes or the urbanization. However, the
real-time utilization of remote sensing data for emergency situations is still a difficult task because of the lack of a dedicated system constellation of satellites providing a day-to-day revisit of any area on the globe. The need of the day is to provide satellite data
with the shortest delay. Tasking the satellite to product dissemination to the user is to be done in few hours. Indian Remote Sensing satellites with a range of resolutions from 1km to 1m has been supporting disasters both National International. In this paper, an
attempt has been made to describe the expected performance and limitations of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites available for risk management applications, as well as an analysis of future systems Cartosat-2D, 2E ,Resourcesat-2R RISAT-1A. This paper
also attempts to describe the criteria of satellite selection for programming for the purpose of risk management with a special emphasis on planning RISAT-1SAR sensor.
INTRODUCTION
ISRO has launched several satellites with multi sensors. Each sensor has a capability to provide the information of the surface
of earth spatially and spectrally. These are unique information about the properties of the earth surface the land topography and
the shallow waters. The satellites systems considered are optical and Radar. The Optical satellite systems considered here are ,
Resourcesat-2 , Oceansat-2 , Cartosat-2 Cartosat-1. The Radar satellite considered is RISAT-1. Earth observational
optical systems are passive sensors, operating in the visible spectrum 0.4µ -0.7µ near infrared 0.8 µ to 0.9 µ and 1.5 µ-
1.8µ medium infrared. These measurements of easily interpretable but have the impact of the atmospheric conditions.
Moreover whenever Cyclones , floods , forest fires , volcano’s occur they are always accompanied with either clouds or thick
smoke. This reduces the utilization of optical sensors operationally for disasters
RADAR sensors are active instruments they are independent of the sun illumination allowing both ascending and descending
orbits for image acquisitions. High sensitivity to roughness and humidity also allows to retrieve different physical parameters
compared to the optical sensors. The fact that they are “all weather” capable makes Radar sensors operational in
emergency context. For the context of emergency the revisit time and appropriate
resolutions are very important parameters to be considered. For example Oceansat-2 which has a receptivity of 2 days
cover the area every alternate day and gives a synoptic view of the area in 8 narrow spectral bands. This can be used for
monitoring at broad level. In case of AWIFS we can look at the same area on every fifth day , with a resolution of 56 m and 12
bit radiometry. This helps in the flood inundations, effected area mapping and also monitoring at regular intervals. RISAT-1
can view the area every 23 days. These satellites if planned and data is made available to users in timely manner, gives lot of
information to the decision makers to manage and allocate the resources
.
1.1 Current Indian Remote Sensing satellites IRS constellation of satellites
: The IRS optical and microwave satellites can be operated in
multimode’s. Resourcesat-2 has three sensors allowing imaging at a
resolution of 5.8m to 56m , Cartosat-1 can be operated in 2 modes , either stereo or wide. The Wide mode gives the
advantage of covering larger area ~ 56km with 2.5m resolution. Cartosat-2 can be operated in Spot mode strip mode or paint
brush mode. The paint brush mode gives the maximum area coverage of 2727 sq km. RISAT-1 can be operated in four
modes , FRS -1 FRS-2 , CRS and MRS. The resolution ranges
ISPRS Technical Commission VIII Symposium, 09 – 12 December 2014, Hyderabad, India
This contribution has been peer-reviewed. doi:10.5194isprsarchives-XL-8-1-2014
1
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ISPRS Technical Commission VIII Symposium, 09 – 12 December 2014, Hyderabad, India
This contribution has been peer-reviewed. doi:10.5194isprsarchives-XL-8-1-2014
2
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