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lack of tolerance groups in building social and communal relation that pluralist-inclusive as great place of freedom of religionbelief.
he orange zone means the intensity of incident and violation on freedom of religion quantitatively, but with the violator and potential
ofender that existed in that region is quitely organized, the local government policy in restricted area, and socio-cultural potency and
still good-functioning tolerance group. he yellow zone means there are violation happens in low intensity the actor are usually also not in
high number and sporadical, the restrictive policy not prominent, and the aspect of socio-cultural of the society function properly.
9
1. Red Zone
a. West Java: he Acute Intolerance
West Java is the province with highest number of vilations in 8 years research of SETARA Institute. he total events occured in
West Java are 494, with the highest number occured 91 events in 2010, and lowest occured in 25 events in 2014.
Genealogically, West Java has strong radicalism root. Various religious organizations grows up with embracing intolerance
aspiration until now. Beside rooted radicalism, the society in West Java is generally not resistant against the violence in the name
of religion. In 2010, the contess of the District Head election in some regencies triggers escalation of violation on freedom of
religionbelief. As the thesis improved by SETARA Institute that the religious issue are the new political capital that quiet efective
to be used to collect political support or to object political rival. Although not become one of winning factor, but the religious issue
still become efective interesting magnet.
In West Java, there are organization that openly perform resistance actions head to head against the deviant sects,
misdirection, Ahmadiyah and others. Some of them are: 1 he Anti-Ahmadiyah Society Movement GERAM chapter
Garut, an alliance organization of some mass organizations, not just Islamic organization only, socio-political
organization are also joining in GERAM. At least, there are
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11 local organizations joining GERAM. 2 Communication Forum of Indonesian Muslim Forkami,
is local organization which based in Bogor. his group is actively rejecting the existence of GKI di Taman Yasmin
Church in Bogor.
3 Harokah Sunniyyah For Islamic Society HASMI,
organization that working in education da’wah ield. his organizaton has branches in whole of Java and Banten.
Besides da’wah, HASMI actively take part in demonstration anti-immortality and misdirection. It was established in
Bogor in 2005, HASMI claimed has 15.000 members.
4 Anti-Misdirection Movement and Anti-Cult Movement Gapas, a movement that guidance Cirebon City from
misdirection, cult, and immortality as well. 5 Islamic Reform Movement Garis, established in Cianjur,
West Java in 1998 by Haji Chep Hernawan, the son of rich businessman from Cianjur, Haji Dapet. Chep is known as
person who has good relation with senior Islamic activist, such as Anwar haryono, Yayan Hendrayana and Abdul
Qodir Jaelani, and other. He ever became the member of Islamic organization such as Indonesian Islamic Student and
Islamic Youth Movement. H. Chep Hernawan also took a part of establishing of Crescent Star Party PBB. Because of
splits in party in 2001, he resigned. he member of GARIS oten involved in some actions organized by GERAM. FPI,
and the others.
10
Comparatively, 2014 indeed as the year with lowest event quantity, but its events are still serious, such as declaration of
Anti-Syiah ater Legislative Election held. hat such declaration of anti-Syiah not happens once only, but also in many times. Started
from prohibition of Asyuro celebration, declaration plan making of anti-Syiah and the third is declaration of anti-Syiah itself. And
now, there is a training of anti-Syiah as well. hose such trainings should be aware. It means that suspectibility increasing. Indeed,
the conlict not happens yet, but its suspectibility already appears. So, at the irst of declaration of anti-Syiah, this political issue will
be longer because Jalaluddin Rakhmat, the Indonesian’s Syiah
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icon has been elected as member of House of Representatives. “he situation would be heat up even now it seems stable”. Arip
Yogiawan, the Director of Legal Aid Institute chapter Bandung said.
11
Besides that, in 2014 also, the case of worship prohibition happened in Ciamis. In South Cianjur also the disturbance befall
on congregation, such as the damaging on religious facility of congregation, exactly in Neglasari district, Ciparay. In generally,
some similar cases happened. Whereas, the Ahmadiyah case slightly decreased. hat causes by two possibilities, are; irst, the
existence of Ahmadiyah congregation may be already accepted. Second, the attacker people may be get bored with what they
have done because even being disturbed, thrown, or burnt their facilities, they did not ight back.
12
According to Dedi Ahmadi, one of Ahmadiyah igure in West Java, until today, the administration-intimidation againts
Ahmadiyah congregation still happens, especially related to the problems of basic rights of the citizens. For example is in Kuningan
District where the people are compounded while making identity card, Marriage Certiicate, and Hajj registration. And there
are also some people come the congregation to push them read Syahadat. hey are also promised will be given money if they want
to of congregation. here is also resident recognizing himself as congregation in just to get money. he congregation’s worship
decreases because the mosques of Ahmadiyah are mostly sealed, moreover destroyed and locked.
13
he root of violation problem, discrimination and intolerance against Ahmadiyah in West Java are truly more determined
by legislation issued by the state. Because the state of denial on freedom for Ahmadiyah congregations with legal instruments,
so the society groups that basicly are intolerance-fundamentalist found momentum to “help” the state.
he religious igures “only” followed the state’s will. According to Habib Ahmad bin Hasan al-Haddad, the initiator of
Laskar Santri Kun Fayakun, former member of FPI, Ahmadiyah is actually clearly stipulated in the law that Indonesia do not achieve
Ahmadiyah. In the view of this active igure of NU chapter Cianjur,
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Ahmadiyah is assessed damaging the other Islamic generation. Ater joint decree of 3 Ministers, Ahmadiyah is prohibited to do
activitied, but they stay to do their activities, so it meand that they violates the law. Because they have money, so Police just stay quiet.
Whereas, the Ahmadiyah congregation was truly violating the joint decree. Society also saw that the law enforcer again became the
source of the problem. If the law enforcer responds and respects the situation, they better to make society should be feeling safe,
than let the social chaos happens then they are quickly handling it. And NU itself already states that Ahmadiyah is outside Islam.
14
he religious conlict source in West Java is not because of diferent value, diferent thought, but there is problem relates to
interest. For example in the Ahmadiyah case in Cikeusik. hat such problem relates to the ight for political position for being
Village Head. In Tenjowaringin Tasikmalaya also there is a case of refusal of marry service.
Besides it, interest meeting existing because there is a big naration involving Ahmadiyah that relating to the Joint Decree and
Gubernatorial Regulation, then shared again to economical factors, social jealousy, and business competition. In Tenjowaringin,
society who are not Ahmadiyah congregation that initiated by a group to build IMKASA Association of Ahmadiyah Cult Victim
Society and it has support that spreaded everywhere.
15
Ater Gobernatorial Regulation of Ahmadiyah prohibition, operation named Sajadah Operation appeared. hat operation
uses Local Budget APBD, and in that operation also there is element from National and Political Unity Oice Kesbangpol
and Indonesian Millitary TNI. If discussing about inance in big scheme, and small scheme, there is instrument to inance that
operation and there is also interest meeting as well by using the name of religious sect such as Ahmadiyah. If we seeing again fatwa
of MUI for several things, they are not followed by the people. But when it relates to deviant sect, it is used as an excuse persecution,
it is causing furcation.
16
Besides Ahmadiyah, the sophisticated problem on freedom of religion and belief in West Java is about house of worship
establishment, especially the church. Such as in Cikampek. he
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building is already inished and it has lisence. But the Regent is changed, and the new Regent is intolerance. “Well, this should
not be happened, as long as I am here, that church should not be established”
17
he lack of house of worship for Catholic congregation in Cikampek in accordance to data of Ministry of Religion, is
presumably caused by the lisence which hard to be issued. Such as what was said by Kiagus Zaenal Mubarok who ever brought the
Catholic congregation to face Mr. Imron in Ministry of Religion. here is another congregation who came from Taman Kopo who
replaced to Sulaeman. Turns, the permit is stagnated in Camat. he chaos also occured in Camat and Ministry of Religion.
18
he absence of church for Christian congregation, make them diicult
to worship, especially relating to the membership system that embraced by them.
19
Accumulatively, problem on freedom of religion and belief in West Java could be classiied into some big problem: First, massive
and continous discrimination against Ahmadiyah congregation. he assault while worship occured on Ahmadiyah, sealing and
mosque damaging, and mass rioting against them are the scenes which repeteadly happens year by year.
Second, the house of worship establishment for the Christian is an acute problem which even the civil society’s ratio and
tolerance religious igur are hard to explain how diicult to build a Church. he whole legal eforts that served by normal procedure of
state judiciary have been reached, even the Supreme Court MA also issued inkracht verdict which won the Christian for the case
of Church establishment of GKI Yasmin and HKBP Filadelia, but they never realize their dream to have house of worship and to
worship there as well.
hird, the intolerance group, in various organization and movement under the “robe turn” modus, is positively perform
himself as the persecutor in diversity in Pasundan Land. In this case meant are the Central and Local government. hey seems
have no power against those such intolerance groups.
Fourth, the discriminative policies of Local Government, either in provincial level or regencycity level, have been main
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determinant that triggered and opened a festival momentum for violation on freedom of religionbelief by intolerance. he
Governor of West Java, as the sample, issued a Gubernatorial Regulation number 122011 about the Warning Prohibition of the
Teaching, and Activity of Ahmadiyah congregation. As we know that the Gubernatorial Regulation have trigger the occurrence of
various violence againts Ahmadiyah in some regency and city in West Java.
Fith, the real tolerance group who are prefer to become silent majority and not doing meaningful efort to counter intolerance
groups who openly dare to perform anarchy to disturbing religious life in West Java. he local socio-cultural potency of West Java also
did not give role to minimize the discrimination, intolerance, and incidents on freedom of religionbelief in West Java. he big
problem accumulation becomes main factor of triggering violation occurece that massively and continously, so West Java sufering
acute intolerance phenomena with having serious homeworks on critical freedom of religion and belief and never been inished until
today.
b. Aceh: Constitutional Disintegration
