FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN MANDAILINGNESE SONG LYRICS.

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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN MANDAILINGNESE

SONG LYRICS

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

ANNISA LATIFAH LUBIS

Registration Number: 2103220005

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2015

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DECLARATION

Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis in my own work, has been expressed on my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment. I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.

Medan, Agustus 2015

Annisa Latifah Lubis Reg. No 2103220005

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer like to dedicate her special gratitude to Allah SWT, Rabb who has Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim who always guide and protect the writer in accomplishing this thesis.

This thesis has been written to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department of Faculty of Language and Arts the State University of Medan.

During the process of writing this thesis, the writer is indebted to many people for their guidance, helps, comments and suggestion. The writer also would like to dedicate her special gratitude to :

1. Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of

Medan.

2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Language and

Arts.

3. Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature

Departments.

4. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of Applied Linguistics Program.

5. Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., her Thesis Advisor, for her advices,

suggestion, correction, motivation, support, ideas and for precioustime that she had given during completing this thesis.

6. Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Academic Counselor.

7. Drs. Willem Saragih, Dipl.Appl., M.Pd., her reviewer, thanks for the

suggestions, idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.

8. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., the Writer’s Reviewer, thanks for the suggestions, idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.

9. Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd and Pantes, administrations staff of

English and Literature Departement who always helped the writer during her academic year.

10.Great thanks for The Writer Family, especially her beloved parents,

Denggan Lubis and Maimunah Nasution who never give up to support,

pray, sacrifices, their endless love, giving spritual, financial, and always patient to help the writer. The writer realizes that without their love, she may never have overcome this amazing and long adventure. They always give support to the writer in facing all complications happened in her life. Her beloved sisters, Yumna Alifah Lubis, Mutia Mardiyah Lubis,

Nurul Hidayah Lubis, Halimatus Syakdiah Lubis and her beloved, Waladi Hasan for his support, cares, prays, ideas, and for precioustime

that He had given during completing this thesis.

11.Thanks to all her beloved friends in Aplied Linguistics, especially Nur

Huda and Sumarni Parapat thank you for the suggestion, advices, and

for support me. And all classmates in Applied Linguistics A and B 2010 that she cannot mention one by one.

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Finally, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestions and responses for the improvement of this thesis in the future because she admits that this thesis is still far from being complete and perfect.

Medan, September 2015

Annisa Latifah Lubis Reg No. 2103220005

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ABSTRACT

Lubis, Annisa Latifah. 2103220005. Figurative Language in Mandailingnese Song Lyrics. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.

This study deals with the use of figurative language in Mandailingnese song lyrics. The objectives of this study are to find out the types and the dominant types of figurative language in Mandailingnese song lyrics. This research is conducted by descriptive qualitative design, which makes a description of the situation or event/occurance. The data of this study is derived from the lyrics of Mandailingnese songs by downloading from internet. The results shows that there are 40 figurative languages. The findings indicated that Mandailingnese song lyrics used eight types of figurative language : Simile, Metaphor, Symbol, Metonymy, Synecdoche, Personification, Hyperbole, and Irony. The total calculations and percentages of figurative language in each types are Simile 8 (20.00%), Metaphor 4 (10.00%), Symbol 2 (5.00%), Metonymy 2 (5.00%), Synecdoche 1 (2.50%), Hyperbole 6 (15.00%), Irony 8 (20.00%). And the dominant types of figurative language is Personification 9 (22.50%).

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Page

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLE ... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 3

C. The Objective of the Study ... 4

D. The Scope of the Study ... 4

E. The Significances of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6

A. Theoretical Framework... 6

B. Figurative Language ... 6

1. Simile ... 8

2. Metaphor ... 9

3. Symbol ... 10

4. Metonymy ... 11

5. Synecdoche ... 12

6. Personification ... 13

7. Hyperbole ... 14

8. Apostrophe ... 15

9. Allegory ... 15

10. Paradox ... 17

11. Understatement ... 17

12. Irony ... 18

13. Litotes ... 19

C. Mandailingnese Song Lyrics ... 19

1. Mandailingnese ... 20

2. Song Lyrics ... 20

D. Conceptual Framework ... 22

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 24

A. Research Method ... 24

B. The Source of Data ... 24

C. The Technique of Collecting Data... 26

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CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 29

A. Data ... 29

B. Data Analysis ... 29

C. Research Findings ... 36

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 38

A. Conclusion ... 38

B. Suggestion ... 39

REFERENCES ... 41

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 3.1 The Source and Title of Song ... 25 Table 4.1 The Explanation of Figurative Language of Each

Lyrics ... 30 Table 4.2 The Percentage of Figurative Language ... 36

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page Appendix A The Lyrics that Consist of Figurative Language in

Mandailingnese Song Lyrics ... 43 Appendix B Mandailingnese Song Lyrics ... 47

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of The Study

Humans are social creature. Because of that, there is no one in this world that can live without the others. Human have to build a relationship with others to show their opinion, ideas and feelings. Every human being needs language to communicate with other societies. They use language in their daily communication. They can express everything in their mind by using language to follow every human's activities. In other words, without language they cannot communicate each other and they will get difficulty in communication, because language is the most important media of human being to express their ideas. Walija (1996) said that language is the most complete and effective communication way to convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings and opinions.

Language is very important for human not only for expressing ideas, but also is very important in entertainment world. The example of most creative using of language in entertainment is song writing. Song is the media for people to express their feelings, emotions, ideas and opinions. Almost everyone in this world likes songs because by listening or singing the songs, it will make people entertained. Listening or singing the songs is the simplest way for entertaining people.

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In song writing, the songwriters know that they have to catch listener’s attention. They have to do this, for instance by using figurative language on the

song’s lyric. Figurative language uses "figures of speech" - a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words. It is a mode of expression which is used in order to add beauty or emotional intensity of something. Some examples of figurative language:

- Broken heart. (Her heart is not literally broken into pieces; She just felt hurt

and sad) → Metaphor

- He takes Marlboro from his bag (Marlboro means cigarette) → Metonymy

- Indonesia won the match last year. (Indonesian people who won the match)

→ Synecdoche

There are so many kinds of songs that should be known, for instance vernacular songs. As the country which has so many cultures and tribes, Indonesia has many vernaculars automatically. The Mandailingnese is one of the vernaculars in North Sumatera. Mandailingnese is important part of Mandailing people because the using of Mandailingnese in their daily communication shows the identity of Mandailing people. Because there is no previous research that study about figurative language in Mandailingnese, the writer as Mandailingnese is interested in analyzing “Figurative Language in Mandailingnese Song Lyrics”. Some examples of figurative language in Mandailingnese song lyrics are as follows:

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- Loja pe au paitte janji (I was tired of waiting for your promise)

In “Gabus Do Sude” song lyric. → Personification

- Ulang ma di rasoi ho hatcit na songonon (You should not feel the pain like this)

In “Asoma Songonon Jadina” song lyric. → Simile

- Bumi dohot langit jadi saksi (The earth and the sky are our witnesses)

In “ParahuCinta” song lyric. → Metaphor

Talking about songs, the songwriters usually use figurative language to make the listener is interested in listening their songs. But, some people cannot understand the meaning which is implicit in the song. Because of that, the writer will explain about figurative language in Mandailingnese song lyrics. There are two previous researchers as references for this study. Those are: Hutajulu (2012)

The Figurative Language In Mata NajwaTalkshow’s Notes and Berutu (2013) An

Analysis of Figurative Language in Langston Hughes’ Poetry.

1.2The Problems of the Study

Related to the background of the study above, the problems of the research are formulated as follows:

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1. What are the types of figurative language used in Mandailingnese songs?

2. What type of figurative language is dominantly used in the Mandailingnese songs?

1.3The Objective of the Study

The objectives of this study related of the problems are:

1. To find out the types of figurative language used in Mandailingnese song.

2. To find out the type of figurative language which is dominantly used in the song.

1.4The Scope of the Study

This research is limited to the figurative language used in Mandailingnese song lyrics.

1.5The Significance of the Study

The significance of this study are expected:

1. To provide information to the readers, especially the students of English Department to increase the knowledge in figurative meaning of language.

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2. To help those who are interested in making research related to this study and as a comparison for the research on the same topic or as the resources for their research.

3. To help the students who want to get many examples of figurative language from the song lyrics.

4. To help those who do not understand the Mandailingnese, by reading this thesis they can understand the meaning and message of a song.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the 40 sentences that contain types of figurative language, this study makes the conclusion as follows:

1. From the fifteen song lyrics, there were 40 sentences providing the types of figurative language. There are eight types of figurative language that used in Mandailingnese song lyrics. They are Simile, Metaphor, Symbol, Metonymy, Synecdoche, Personification, Hyperbole and Irony. There are five types of figurative language that not used in Mandailingnese selected song lyrics, they are Apostrophe, Allegory, Paradox, Understatement, and Litotes.

2. The total calculations and percentages of figurative language in each types are Simile 8 (20.00%), Metaphor 4 (10.00%), Symbol 2 (5.00%), Metonymy 2 (5.00%), Synecdoche 1 (2.50%), Hyperbole 6 (15.00%), Irony 8 (20.00%). And the dominant type of figurative language is Personification 9 (22.50%).

3. The dominant type of figurative language that used in Mandailingnese song lyrics was Personification, which is 9 sentences from 40 sentences or 22.50%. Personification becomes the dominant type of figurative language

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in Mandailingnese selected songs and it leads us to a statement that the Mandailingnese songwriter uses personification in Mandailingese song lyrics to beautify, to make the lyrics more flowery so it can interest the listener to hear the song because of the used of expressive meaning from the song lyrics.

Therefore, Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or ideas. This can really affect the way the song’s listener imagines things.

B. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, the writer would like to purpose some suggestions as follows:

1. the listeners of Mandailingnese Songs are suggested to have background knowledge about figurative language, since it has been found that there are many lyrics containing of figurative language in Mandailingnese Song lyrics.

2. the students who want to learn about writing songs lyrics should study about the use of figurative language to see that the figurative language can give vigor and style of language in communication between the writers and the listeners of song.

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3. English teachers should make the students interested in learning figurative language in order that the students be easier to understand

what the writer’s message in their songs.

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REFERENCES

Aritonang, Helena and Ownie, Sri Juriati. 2013. LINGUISTICA Vol 2, No 4: The

Figures of Speech in Vogue’s Advertisements (Unpublished). Medan:

Universitas Negeri Medan.

Banhart, C., L., et al.1980. World Book Dictionary. Chicago: Boubleday and company.

Berutu, Agus Enmono. 2013. An Analysis of Figurative Language in Langston

Hughes’ Poetry (Unpublished). Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hady, Irvan. 2010. Figures of Speech in KOMPAS Newspaper (Unpublished). Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hartati, Rita S.S. 2011. Lecturer Material Paper: Semantic. Medan: FBS Unimed. Holman, C.H. and Harmon, W. 1986. A Handbook. To Literature. Washington

D.C: Macmillan.

Hutagalung, Lusi Rengsi Ana and Sumarsih. 2013. LINGUISTICA Vol 2, No 1:

Figures of Speech In Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs

(Unpublished). Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hutajulu, Ruth Stevy and Natsir Muhammad. 2012. LINGUISTICA Vol 1, No 2:

The Figurative Language In Mata Najwa Talkshow’s Notes (Unpublished).

Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Kennedy, X.J.1991. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston-Toronto: Little and Brown.

Nazir, M.1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Maclin, Alice.1992. A Handbook of English as a Second Language .Washington D.C: CBS College.

Lauren, S. Bahr and Johnson Bernard. 1997. Encyclopedia Americana. United States of America: New Field Publications.

Leech, G.1981. Semantic: The Study of Meaning. London: Penguins Books. Loongman. 1982. Loongman Dictionary of English Language. London: Longman

House.

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Walija. 1996. Bahasa Indonesia dalam Perbincangan. Jakarta. Ikip Muhammadiyah press.

http://daemoo.blogspot.com/2012/01/pengertian-lirik-lagu.html/ Accessed on January 7, 2015.

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-figurative-language.html/ Accessed on January 7, 2015.

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-synecdoche.html/ Accessed on January 7, 2015.

https://faculty.comm.virginia.edu/ Accessed on January 12, 2015. http://literarydevices.net/metaphor/ Accessed on January 7, 2015.

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/17088/4/Chapter%20II.pdf/ Accessed on January 13, 2015.

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/learner/metaphor/ Accessed on January10, 2015.

http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ Accessed on January 12, 2015.

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=lagu+mandailing/ Accessed on January 14, 2015.

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2. To help those who are interested in making research related to this study and as a comparison for the research on the same topic or as the resources for their research.

3. To help the students who want to get many examples of figurative language from the song lyrics.

4. To help those who do not understand the Mandailingnese, by reading this thesis they can understand the meaning and message of a song.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the 40 sentences that contain types of figurative language, this study makes the conclusion as follows:

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Therefore, Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or ideas. This can really affect the way the song’s listener imagines things.

B. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, the writer would like to purpose some suggestions as follows:

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3. English teachers should make the students interested in learning figurative language in order that the students be easier to understand

what the writer’s message in their songs.

ppp

000ppppppp

pp

pppppppp

ollll00llooolloo

ooo

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REFERENCES

Aritonang, Helena and Ownie, Sri Juriati. 2013. LINGUISTICA Vol 2, No 4: The Figures of Speech in Vogue’s Advertisements (Unpublished). Medan:

Universitas Negeri Medan.

Banhart, C., L., et al.1980. World Book Dictionary. Chicago: Boubleday and company.

Berutu, Agus Enmono. 2013. An Analysis of Figurative Language in Langston Hughes’ Poetry (Unpublished). Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan. Hady, Irvan. 2010. Figures of Speech in KOMPAS Newspaper (Unpublished).

Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hartati, Rita S.S. 2011. Lecturer Material Paper: Semantic. Medan: FBS Unimed. Holman, C.H. and Harmon, W. 1986. A Handbook. To Literature. Washington

D.C: Macmillan.

Hutagalung, Lusi Rengsi Ana and Sumarsih. 2013. LINGUISTICA Vol 2, No 1: Figures of Speech In Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs

(Unpublished). Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hutajulu, Ruth Stevy and Natsir Muhammad. 2012. LINGUISTICA Vol 1, No 2: The Figurative Language In Mata Najwa Talkshow’s Notes (Unpublished). Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.