Overview of Video Compression and Coding Technique
x V
RESULT
5.1 Simulation Result 37
5.1.1 First Stage 37
5.1.2 Second Stage 46
5.2 Algorithm Predicted Frame 56
VI CONCLUSION
57
REFERENCES 58
APPENDIX 59
xi
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE TITLE
PAGES 2.1
Type of video and its specification 23
2.2 Type of video and its categories
24
4.1 Average MSE of the first 90 frames
35 4.2
Average search points per motion vector estimation for the first 90 frames.
35
5.1 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs
37 5.2
Average search points for the chosen BMAs. 38
5.3 Speedup ratio for the chosen BMAs.
38 5.4
Simulation time second for the chosen BMAs. 38
5.5 Average PSNR dB for the first 30 frames simulation
46 5.6
Average search points for the first 30 frames simulation 47
5.7 Speedup ratio for the first 30 frames simulation
47 5.8
Simulation time second for the first 30 frames simulation
47
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE TITLE
PAGES
2.1 An example of MPEG-1 GOP
5 2.2
MPEG-1 coded video structure 6
2.3 Encoder video compression
7 2.4
Motion vector in motion estimation 8
2.5 The current and previous frames in a search window
9 2.6
Example frame size 176 x 144 divided into 16 x 16 macroblock
10
2.7 Block Matching a macro block of side 16 pixels and a
search parameter w of size 7 pixels. 11
2.8 The CS algorithm block diagram
13 2.9
An example of the CSA search for w=8pixelsframe 14
2.10 Block diagram and example of NTSS
16 2.11
DS search pattern 17
2.12 DS type search
18 2.13
The block diagram of the DS algorithm 19
2.14 Flowchart of the CDS algorithm
21 2.15
CDS algorithm examples 22
3.1 Project Methodology
26
4.1 4SS algorithm search path
30 4.2
4SS searching points 32
4.3 Two different search paths of 4SS
32
xiii 4.4
The 4SS algorithm block diagram 33
5.1 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Akiyo.avi 2
frames. 39
5.2 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in Akiyo.avi 2
frames. 39
5.3 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Claire.avi 2
frames. 40
5.4 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in Claire.avi
2 frames. 40
5.5 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in
Coastguard.avi 2 frames. 41
5.6 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Coastguard.avi 2 frames 41
5.7 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Foreman.avi
2 frames. 42
5.8 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Foreman.avi 2 frames. 42
5.9 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in News.avi 2
frames. 43
5.10 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in News.avi 2
frames. 43
5.11 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Salesman.avi
2 frames. 44
5.12 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Salesman.avi 2 frames. 44
5.13 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Tennis.avi 2
frames. 45
5.14 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in Tennis.avi
2 frames. 45
xiv 5.15
Average PSNR in dB for the chosen BMAs in Akiyo.avi 30 frames.
48
5.16 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Akiyo.avi30 frames. 48
5.17 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Claire.avi 30
frames. 49
5.18 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in Claire.avi
30 frames. 49
5.19 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in
Coastguard.avi 30 frames. 50
5.20 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Coastguard.avi 30 frames. 50
5.21 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Foreman.avi
30 frames. 51
5.22 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Foreman.avi 30 frames. 51
5.23 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in News.avi 30
frames. 52
5.24 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in News.avi
30 frames. 52
5.25 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Salesman.avi
30 frames. 53
5.26 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in
Salesman.avi 30 frames. 53
5.27 Average PSNR dB for the chosen BMAs in Tennis.avi
30 frames. 54
5.28 Average search points for the chosen BMAs in Tennis.avi
30 frames. 54
5.29 The 30
th
predicted frame for a FS, b 4SS, c NTSS, d DS, e CS and f CDS algorithm from
“Tennis” sequence. 56
xv
LIST OF ACRONYMS
4SS – Four Step Search
BDM – Block Distortion Measure
BMA – Block Matching Algorithm
CCB – Cross Centre Biased
CCITT – International Telegraph Telephone Consultative Committee
CDS – Cross Diamond Search
CS – Cross Search
DCT – Discrete Cosine Transform
DS – Diamond Search
FS – Full Search
GOP – Group Of Picture
IDCT – Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform
JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
LDSP – Large Diamond Search Pattern
LSI – Large Scale Integration
MAC – Media Access Control
MAD – Mean Absolute Difference
MAE – Mean Absolute Error
MBD – Minimum Block Distortion
ME – Motion Estimation
MPEG – Moving Picture Expert Group
xvi MSE
– Mean Square Error MV- Motion Vector
NTSS – New Three Step Search
PC – Personal Computer
PSNR – Peak Signal To Noise Ratio
SDSP – Small Diamond Search Pattern
VLC – Video LAN Client
xvii
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX TITLE PAGES
A Presentation Slide
59
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION