4.4 Improvement on the Mini Kossel 3D Printer 48
5 CONCLUSION RECOMENDATIONS
49
5.1 CONCLUSIONS 49
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 50
REFERENCES 51
APPENDICES 55
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE
PAGE
2.1 FDM parameters and their level
10 2.2
Moduli and strength of material 12
2.3 Some mechanical properties with different orientation
13 3.1
Specimen dimension for thickness 15
3.2 The description of geometry function Interface
19 3.3
The description of color, build, print and help interface 20
3.4 The description for figure 3.9 and 3.1.1
21 3.5
The description for setting tab and printer configuration 22
3.6 Build setting interface
23 3.7
FDM machine comparison 26
3.8 All parts of Mini Kossel 3D printer
26 4.1
Tensile strength data 40
4.2 Elastic modulus data
41 4.3
Average roughness data 43
4.4 Porosity data
45 4.5
Porosity data using Archimedes principle 46
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE
PAGE
2.1 Fused deposition modeling process
4 2.2
ABS polymer and its functionality 5
2.3 Effects of FDM parameters on tensile and flexural strength of
test specimen 8
2.4 Build direction of specimen for tensile test X, Y and Z.
9 2.5
Parameter of tool path 10
2.6 Test specimens and dimensions ASTM D 638
13 3.1
Dimension drawing based on types 15
3.2 Sample specimen is design by using CAD software
16 3.3
Build direction for the specimens 17
3.4 Slic3r software interface
17 3.5
Interface tabs 18
3.6 CAD files function
19 3.7
Geometry functions 19
3.8 Color, build, print and help
20 3.9
Zoom and view 21
3.1.1 Prints paths
21 3.1.2
Setting tab printer configuration 22
3.1.3 Build setting
23 3.1.4
Test specimen is prepare from Cube Pro software 24
3.1.5 Assemble process and calibrated
31
3.1.6 Cube Pro 3D printer
32 3.1.7
Inside view of Cube Pro 3D printer 32
3.1.8 Example of measurement of surface roughness
33 3.1.9
Arrow indicate pat of roughness measured 33
3.2 Inverted microscope
34 3.2.1
Image J interface 34
3.2.2 Digital weight balance and graduated cylnder
35 3.2.3
INSTRON floor mounted and clamped specimen 36
3.2.4 Bluehill software
37 3.2.5
Test specimen printed by both FDM machine 37
4.1 Tensile Specimen after test
39 4.2
Stress-strain graph 39
4.3 Graph of tensile strength
42 4.4
Graph of young’s modulus 42
4.5 Graph bar chart of average roughness
44 4.6
Microstructure magnification 45
4.7 Original images and image measured
45 4.8
Bar chart graph of porosity 46
4.9 Effect of pattern spacing on porosity
47 4.1.1
Improvement on Mini Kossel 3D printer 48
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
ABS = Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
CAD = Computer Aided Design FDM = Fused Deposition Modeling
FEA = Finite Element Analysis PLA = Polylactic-Acid
RP = Rapid Prototyping
STL = Stereo-Lithography 3D
= Three-Dimensional
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO TITLE
PAGE
A TEST SPECIMENS DRAWING
60
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
