Design And Devlopment Of Smart Drying For Clothes System.

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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF SMART DRYING FOR

CLOTHES SYSTEM

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering

Technology (Process and Technology) with Honours

BAHIYUDDIN BIN AHMAD B071210142

910913 – 14 – 5873

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2015

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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMART DRYING FOR CLOTHES SYSTEM

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/2016 Semester 1

Saya BAHIYUDDIN BIN AHMAD

mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) Alamat Tetap:

NO. 1, Jalan 2/54 A, Taman Setapak Permai, 53300 Kuala Lumpur,

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: _______________________ ** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.

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DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Design and Development of Smart Drying for Clothes System” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature :………

Name : Bahiyuddin bin Ahmad Date : 11 December 2015

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APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Engineering Technology (Manufacturing Process) (Hons.). The member of the supervisory is as follow:

……….. Syahrul Azwan Bin Sundi @ Suandi

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ABSTRAK

Kertas ini melaporkan mekanisme dan fabrikasi pintu pintar yang berfungsi berdasarkan cuaca; memberi tumpuan kepada perubahan iklim di Malaysia. Ideanya adalah untuk menggunakan peranti sensor air untuk mengesan kehadiran air dan menggerakkan keseluruhan sistem berdasarkan arahan yang direka. Pintu automatik yang direka dipasang pada Pengering Pakaian Pintar untuk yang secara amnya almari pakaian yang boleh memanipulasikan haba lesap dari penghawa dingin untuk membantu mengeringkan kain basah yang diletakkan. Tujuan utama pintu automatik ini dipasang pada almari pakaian khusus adalah untuk meningkatkan tempoh pengeringan pakaian basah dengan menggunakan aliran udara melalui almari pakaian itu. Keberkesanan pintu automatik diukur melaui fungsi dan tindak balas keseluruhan dianalisis pada akhir projek ini melalui ujian lapangan. Idea sistem yang direka ini diekstrak daripada produk dipasaran dengan peningkatan berdasarkan keupayaan yang ada. Peningkatan yang dihasilkan termasuk faktor ekonomi dan mesra pengguna.

Kata kunci

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ABSTRACT

This paper is reported the mechanism and fabrication of smart door that functioning based on weather; focusing on Malaysia climate change. The idea is to utilized water sensor device to sense the water presence and employ the overall system to response based on designed command. Functioned automatic door is installed on fabricated Smart Drying for Clothes which generally a wardrobe that could be attached with dissipated heat from split air conditioner to assist drying a wet cloth that being placed. Main purpose of an automatic door embedded on specifically wardrobe is to boost the drying duration of wet clothes by utilized the air flow through the wardrobe. The effectiveness of an automatic door which is measured by functionalities and overall respond of command is analysed by end of this project through common field test. This idea of fabricated system is extracted from marketed product with improvement in range of available capabilities. The improvement generated include economic and user friendly factors.

Keywords

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DEDICATIONS

This report is dedicated to all people that hold me dear. Thank you for your continuous support during my vital educational years. Without their consent, understanding and most of all love, the completion of this final year project would

not have been possible.

To my beloved parents,

My sibling,

My supportive friends,

and my supervisor,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this report. A special gratitude I give to my final year project manager, Mr. Syahrul Azwan Bin Sundi @ Suandi, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this report.

Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff of related workshop, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to complete the project of Smart Drying for Clothes System. Special thanks go to one of my friends, Muhammad Ridwan bin Jaafar, who help me to regarding the electronic assembly and gave suggestion about the task. Last but not least, I have to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisor as well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has improved our presentation skills thanks to their comment and advices.

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viii

DECLARATION ... ii

APPROVAL ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

DEDICATIONS ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

LIST OF TABLES ... xii

LIST OF FIGURES ... xiii

CHAPTER 1 ... 1

INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Problem Statement ... 2

1.2 Objective ... 3

1.3 Scope ... 3

CHAPTER 2 ... 4

LITERATURE REVIEW ... 4

2.1 Introduction ... 4

2.2 Clothes Drying Case Studies ... 4

Drying Process Cycle ... 4

2.2.1 Traditional Drying Method ... 5

2.2.2 Clothes Dryer Studies ... 7

2.2.3 2.3 Technical Studies ... 9

Water Sensor ... 11 2.3.1

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Microcontrollers ... 11

2.3.2 2.4 Conclusion ... 13

CHAPTER 3 ... 14

METHODOLOGY ... 14

3.1 Project Planning ... 14

Gantt Chart of PSM 1 ... 15

3.1.1 Gantt Chart of PSM 2 ... 16

3.1.2 3.2 Process Flow Chart ... 17

Define Problem ... 18

3.2.1 Literature Review ... 18

3.2.2 Detailed Function and System Design Requirements ... 18

3.2.3 Conceptual System Design ... 19

3.2.4 Best System Selection ... 19

3.2.5 Detailed System Design ... 19

3.2.6 Specify Material, Function, Conditions of Service and the 3.2.7 Manufactured ... 19

Prototype Testing ... 20

3.2.8 Patent and Manufacture for Marketing ... 20

3.2.9 3.3 Concept Development and Selection ... 20

Design A (DATUM) ... 21

3.3.1 Design B ... 22

3.3.2 Design C ... 23

3.3.3 Design D ... 24

3.3.4 3.4 Concept Screening ... 25

3.5 Main Components ... 27

Power Window Motor ... 27

3.5.1 Car Jack ... 28 3.5.2

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Water Sensor ... 28

3.5.3 Power Supply ... 29

3.5.4 Open-Source Electronic Platform ... 29

3.5.5 Motor Driver ... 30

3.5.6 3.6 Additional Implement Features Idea... 30

Solar Panel ... 30

3.6.1 Bluetooth module ... 31

3.6.2 CHAPTER 4 ... 33

DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT ... 33

4.1 Final Design of System ... 33

4.2 Real Product Fabrication ... 37

4.2.1 Mechanical Assembly Process ... 41

4.2.2 Electronic Assembly Process ... 44

4.2.3 Code Programming Process ... 46

4.3 Issues Faced During Fabrication... 49

4.3.1 Problem in fabrication progress ... 49

4.3.2 Developed solution ... 50

CHAPTER 5 ... 52

RESULT AND DISCUSSION ... 52

5.1 Complete System of Automatic Door ... 52

5.2 Control Device ... 57

5.3 System Testing ... 58

5.3.1 Test 1: System responds ... 59

5.3.2 Test 2: Manual command ... 60

5.3.3 Test 3: Automatic mode ... 61

5.4 Problem Encounter ... 61

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CHAPTER 6 ... 67

CONCLUSION ... 67

APPENDIX A ... 68

APPENDIX B ... 84

APPENDIX C ... 90

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xii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Gantt Chart of PSM 1 ... 15

Table 3.2: Gantt Chart of PSM 2 ... 16

Table 3.3: Pugh’s Evaluation Method. ... 25

Table 4.1: Description of fabricated electronic box ... 35

Table 4.2: Description of fabricated car jack connector ... 36

Table 4.3: Description of fabricated hanging bar... 36

Table 4.4: Description of fabricated L - joint ... 36

Table 4.5: Description of fabricated extend bar ... 36

Table 4.6: Wire connection between water sensor and limit switch. ... 47

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xiii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Outdoor laundry ... 5

Figure 2.2: Outdoor laundry in China ... 6

Figure 2.3: Structure of a domestic tumbler dryer ... 7

Figure 2.4: Modular configuration of the simple Integrated Heat Pump System (IHPS) for drying. ... 8

Figure 2.5: Computer chip – illustration image ... 12

Figure 3.1: Process flow chart planning ... 17

Figure 3.2: Sketching of conceptual design A ... 21

Figure 3.3: Sketching of conceptual design B ... 22

Figure 3.4: Sketching of conceptual design C ... 23

Figure 3.5: Sketching of conceptual design D ... 24

Figure 3.6: Final design for prototype fabrication ... 26

Figure 3.7: Power window motor... 27

Figure 3.8: Scissor car jack ... 28

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Figure 3.10: DC 12V 17A power supply ... 29

Figure 3.11: Arduino UNO R3 ... 29

Figure 3.12: 30A DC Motor Driver ... 30

Figure 3.13: Solar panel ... 31

Figure 3.14: Bluetooth module ... 32

Figure 4.1: Full view of prototype Smart Drying for Clothes ... 34

Figure 4.2: Full view of system for prototype fabrication ... 34

Figure 4.3: Mechanical part: left side and Electronic part: right side ... 35

Figure 4.4: Electronic box ... 35

Figure 4.5: Car jack connector ... 36

Figure 4.6: Hanging bar ... 36

Figure 4.7: L – joint ... 36

Figure 4.8: Extend bar ... 36

Figure 4.9: Hollow rectangular bar steel ... 37

Figure 4.10: Power window motor... 38

Figure 4.11: Scissor car jack ... 38

Figure 4.12: Car jack connector ... 39

Figure 4.13: Electronic box ... 40

Figure 4.14: Welded Scissor car jack with stud ... 41

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Figure 4.16: Car jack connector assembly ... 42

Figure 4.17: Hanging bar assembly ... 42

Figure 4.18: Assembly of motor with hanging bar ... 43

Figure 4.19: Assembly of scissor car jack with hanging bar ... 43

Figure 4.20: Assembly of system with wardrobe... 44

Figure 4.21: Electronic circuit assembly drawing... 45

Figure 4.22: Electronic circuit assembly ... 46

Figure 4.23: Arduino software interface ... 46

Figure 4.24: Initial design of holding car jack. ... 49

Figure 4.25: Incompatibility of materials fusion in fabricating car jack connector ... 50

Figure 4.26: Final design of holding car jack. ... 50

Figure 5.1: Full view of fabricated Smart Drying for Clothes which the automatic system is embedded and situated on the upper sided. ... 53

Figure 5.2: Location of automatic door system situated inside of Smart Drying for Clothes. ... 53

Figure 5.3: View of complete electronic circuit assembly that installed on the prototype. ... 54

Figure 5.4: Replacement of limit switch with potentiometer ... 55

Figure 5.5: Modified electronic circuit assembly drawing ... 55

Figure 5.6: Electronic circuit assembly ... 56

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Figure 5.8: The application of Smart Drying for Clothes interfaced in smart phone 58

Figure 5.9: Connecting application and system through Bluetooth ... 60

Figure 5.10: Unaligned push wheel with operated door ... 62

Figure 5.11: Heatsink that embedded on circuit. ... 62

Figure 5.12: Unfitted door... 63

Figure 5.13: Slanted of car jack ... 64

Figure 5.14: Wire connection into negative and positive terminal of main switch. .. 65

Figure 5.15: Larger heat sink is being replaced. ... 65

Figure 5.16: Improper weld joint between car jack and extended bar. ... 66

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

It has long been known that Malaysia experienced a kind of equatorial climate which is hot and humid throughout the year. As being said, there is almost not possible for Malaysia to experience a long period of rain or sunny day. Though that, there’s a certain occurrences that influenced the unstable weather such as cold and windy season that happen on early 2014 year and the latest one Northeast Monsoon Season phase that cause heavy rain and massive floods.

The seasonal wind flow patterns coupled with the local topographic features determine the rainfall distribution patterns over the country. During the northeast monsoon season, the exposed areas like the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Western Sarawak and the northeast coast of Sabah experience heavy rain spells. On the other hand, inland areas or areas which are sheltered by mountain ranges are relatively free from its influence. It is best to describe the rainfall distribution of the country according to seasons. (Malaysian Meteorological Department, 2014)

It has been recorded by Malaysian Meteorological Department that, highest average number of rain day per year is 279 days which happen in Kuching, Sarawak. This data obviously shows how often a certain area or state, specifically in Malaysia could encounter rainy and humid seasons in a year.

This particular weather season has affected on people by various consequences. One of the reason, it result the difficulties to people especially housewife to complete the chars routine by washing and drying a cloth. Eventually,

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this matter unexpectedly consider as serious matter or problem that being overlook by many expertise around the world.

As has been noted, the rain and humid weather season could lead into uncomfortable environment by indoors laundry drying that prompt to be serious healthy issue. A study carried out by the Mackintosh School of Architecture, found that many homes had too much moisture indoors and up to 30 per cent of this was caused by laundry. The researchers said three-quarters of homes surveyed had moisture levels that could lead to dust mite growth and were at risk of increased concentration of mould spores. This reduction in air quality has been tied to asthma and other allergic conditions. (Bates, 2012)

1.1 Problem Statement

In densely built urban areas in the humid tropics, drying of clothes is becoming a problematic household chore. In most high rise flats, it is a very time consuming operation because of the year round humid climate, limited sun rays and restricted air flow. Furthermore, in the humid tropics, solar radiation, when available, is mostly of the diffuse type and, hence, less effective for drying purposes. Even if natural drying of clothes were practical, its use would not be acceptable generally and even more so in relatively affluent private housing and condominiums due to aesthetic reasons as well. The use of a conventional domestic electrical dryer is a practical but expensive solution for clothes drying, as it is inherently an energy intensive process. Hence, a search for a low cost solution of drying clothes for such cases is quite relevant and more so in the context of the global concern for energy conservation and protection of the environment. (Ahmadul Ameen, 2004)

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1.2 Objective

To ensure that this project achieves the purpose of paper studies and meet the goal, the objectives of this project is defines as below:

a) To design and develop a wardrobe for drying a clothes which is embedded with smart door water sensor that is fully functioning.

b) To fabricate a completed prototype of smart drying for clothes that implements the ideal system for consumer.

c) To studies and examine the effectiveness on system and overall mechanisms.

1.3 Scope

The scope is set as a border of this project to clarify the area of a study that would be cover in this report and which is not. The limitation of this report is included as: a) Design and develop a system of smart drying for clothes which provide the

system enhancement based on studies range.

b) Examine the smart drying for clothes effectiveness in terms of system functionality and endurance.

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter provides a brief writing of previous research related to the tittle of this report. Contains of this chapter include an explanation on drying process flow, invention of recent cloth dryer, techonology embeded and others mechanism that may related to cloth drying process. The idea of this project mainly would be support by an elaboration of source from academic and scholarly article.

2.2 Clothes Drying Case Studies

This section contains a basics understanding thoroughly on the intentions of this project by discussing recent studies on drying principles and embedded technology that have been put to project the idea of drying a clothes.

Drying Process Cycle 2.2.1

As a matter of fact, drying clothes involves two processes. Energy has to be provided to change the water from liquid to vapour and an air stream is needed to remove the vapour. In other words, heat and ventilation are each essential to evaporate water from a surface. A wet material contains water molecules. Under normal conditions these molecules will start to evaporate into the air, if the relative humidity of the air is lower than 100%. The evaporation of water molecules will

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result in a temperature drop, because the energy used for evaporation is taken from the surrounding water molecules in the wet material.

Therefore, the evaporation rate is depending on two independent factors which is heat and air circulation. When adding heat, the temperature of the surrounding air will raise and the relative humidity of the same air will drop. Therefore this air can now contain more water, which again speeds up the process of evaporation. The air passing by the wet material will have a relative humidity of a 100 % when leaving the material. By creating an air flow, “fresh” air (able to contain water) will be provided. This also speeds up the process of evaporation. (Kaisa Bengtsson, 2004)

Figure 2.1: Outdoor laundry

(Source: http://www.wisebread.com/kilowatts-a-killer-tips-for-air-drying-clothes)

Traditional Drying Method 2.2.2

Under those circumstance, it is undeniable to state that the drying a clothes is favourable on outdoor whereas the weather is hot and windy. However, the weather is not always been favourable and sometimes there are raining and humid season especially equatorial climate country as Malaysia. Shiming Deng and Hua Han (2004) examined that, in order to maintain an acceptable appearance of building facade,

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clothes drying using natural means by hanging clothes outside windows or a balcony may not be allowed. As shown in figure 2.2 below.

Figure 2.2: Outdoor laundry in China

(Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2239084/Now-thats-Chinese-

laundry-Washing-hung-students-balconies-creates-bright-rainbow-patchwork-colours.html)

In addition, if a clothes drying is achieved by either an electrical or a gas – powered dryer, the drying process may be completed within hours but at the expense of additional energy use and associated pollution. In evaporative clothes dryer, air is heated, by either electricity or gas, to a higher temperature (50–70 °C) and the hot air stream is then used to dry clothes. Hot and humid air that carries away the moisture after passing through clothes is discharged outdoors, contributing to local heat and air pollution.

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Clothes Dryer Studies 2.2.3

Clothes drying have become in industrialized societies an important consumer of electrical or other types of energy through the use of tumbler dryers. Tumbler dryers provide a fast and convenient method of drying wet clothes, especially when space for drying outdoors is limited. The operating cost of the dryer is exacerbated by some fashion trends which produce clothes requiring individual laundry cycles, and consequently, dryers are commonly used with small and inefficient loads. However, the benefits of using tumbler dryers as shown in figure 2.3 below are significant and their domestic use is growing at an increasing rate. (Deans, 2001)

Figure 2.3: Structure of a domestic tumbler dryer

(Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431100000922)

However, according to V. Yadav and C. G. Moon (2008), clothes dryers are responsible for almost 9% of the total residential electricity use in the United States of America (USA). Household tumble-dryers are generally considered as inefficient devices, which are based on a sixty-year old technology. Their energy consumption has attracted attention due to the establishment of minimum energy-performance

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this matter unexpectedly consider as serious matter or problem that being overlook by many expertise around the world.

1.1 Problem Statement

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3 1.2 Objective

To ensure that this project achieves the purpose of paper studies and meet the goal, the objectives of this project is defines as below:

a) To design and develop a wardrobe for drying a clothes which is embedded with smart door water sensor that is fully functioning.

b) To fabricate a completed prototype of smart drying for clothes that implements the ideal system for consumer.

c) To studies and examine the effectiveness on system and overall mechanisms.

1.3 Scope

system enhancement based on studies range.

b) Examine the smart drying for clothes effectiveness in terms of system functionality and endurance.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Clothes Drying Case Studies

Drying Process Cycle 2.2.1

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result in a temperature drop, because the energy used for evaporation is taken from the surrounding water molecules in the wet material.

Figure 2.1: Outdoor laundry

(Source: http://www.wisebread.com/kilowatts-a-killer-tips-for-air-drying-clothes)

Traditional Drying Method 2.2.2

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clothes drying using natural means by hanging clothes outside windows or a balcony may not be allowed. As shown in figure 2.2 below.

Figure 2.2: Outdoor laundry in China

(Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2239084/Now-thats-Chinese-

laundry-Washing-hung-students-balconies-creates-bright-rainbow-patchwork-colours.html)

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7 Clothes Dryer Studies 2.2.3

Figure 2.3: Structure of a domestic tumbler dryer

(Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431100000922)

Design And Devlopment Of Smart Drying For Clothes System.

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA