AN ANALYSIS OF JANE EYRE’S SUFFERING IN CHARLOTTE BRONTE’S NOVEL “JANE EYRE”

AN ANALYSIS OF JANE EYRE’S SUFFERING IN CHARLOTTE BRONTE’S NOVEL “JANE EYRE”

THESIS

BY

SEPTIAN ADI KURNIAWAN 09360162

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AN ANALYSIS OF JANE EYRE’S SUFFERING IN CHARLOTTE BRONTE’S NOVEL “JANE EYRE”

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

BY

SEPTIAN ADI KURNIAWAN 09360162

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis, written by Septian Adi Kurniawan, was approved on January, 2014

By:

Advisor II Advisor I

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

on January 27, 2014

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd. 1.

2. Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, S.Pd, M.PEd. 2.

3. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum. 3.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah the beneficent and merciful, praised to be Allah which Him only we worship and which Him only we ask for help. Thanks to Allah the Lord of the world who has provided me the mercies and blessing until the writer able to finish my thesis. Peace be up on to our prophet Muhammad SAW, who was become the messenger of Allah who has brought the human from the darkness into the brightness.

For my advisor Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum and Drs. Munash Fauzi, M.M, thank you very much for your patience, contribution, and suggestion that you give to me to complete this thesis.

My deepest gratitude is also addressed to my parents Mr. Djuin and Mrs. Sulastini who always pray for me every day and give me love, motivation, attention, and financial supports. I also thank to my beloved little brother, you are my biggest motivation to be successful people, and my beloved family that I can’t mention one by one. Thank you for the support, motivation and attention, I can’t say anything and I can’t give anything except I love you all and thank you very much.

Finally, the writer realizes that thesis still needs the constructive criticisms and suggestion from the readers in order to make it perfect and hopefully it can be useful for the readers, especially for the English Department students.

Malang, January 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... iii

LEGALIZATION ... iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 3

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 3

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 4

1.6 Definition of the Key Term ... 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Literature ... 6

2.2 Kinds of Literature ... 7

2.3 Definition of Novel ... 8

2.4 Kinds of Novel ... 9

2.5 The Elements of Novel ... 10

2.5.1 Plot ... 10

2.5.2 Character ... 12

2.5.3 Characterization ... 13

2.5.4 Theme ... 14

2.5.5 Setting ... 14

2.5.6 Conflict ... 15

2.6 Suffering ... 16

2.6.1 The Meaning of Suffering ……… 16

2.6.2 Kinds of Suffering ……… 15

2.6.3 The Causes of Suffering ……… 17

2.6.4 The Solutions of Suffering ……… 18

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 19

3.2 Approach ... 20

3.2.1 Objective Approach ………. 20

3.2.2 Mimetic Approach ……… 20

3.2.3 Pragmatic Approach ……… 20

3.3 Object of the Study ... 21

3.4 Data Collection ... 21

3.5 Data Analysis ... 22

CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 23

4.1.1 Jane Eyre’s Suffering ... 22

4.1.1.1 Feeling afraid in the red room ………. 23

4.1.1.2 Feeling Sadness ……….. 25

4.1.1.3 Feeling Broken Heart ……….. 27

4.1.1.4 Jane got Physical Attack by John Reed ……… 28

4.1.2 The Causes of Jane Eyre’s Suffering ……….. 29

4.1.2.1 Jane had fight to John Reed ……… 29

4.1.2.2 Jane lost her best friend, Helen Burn ……….. 30

4.1.2.3 Jane felt had been lied by Mr. Rochester ……… 31

4.1.2.4 John Reed disturb Jane’s Activity ……… 33

4.1.3 Jane Eyre’s ways to Solve her Suffering ……….. 34

4.1.3.1 Jane imagined if her Uncle had been alive ……… 34

4.1.3.2 Jane Eyre moving to Another Place ……….. 35

4.1.3.3 Jane left the Thornfield Hall ……… ... 36

4.1.3.4 Jane tried to avoid of John’s Attack and mocking on him .. 37

4.2 Discussion ... 38

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion ... 40

5.2 Suggestions ... 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ary,Donald., et al. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education.United States: Thomson Wadsworth.

Eliade, Mircea. 1987. The Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Hartiningsih, Sri. 2001. Introduction to Literature. Unpublished Handbook. University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Jones Jr, Edward H. 1968. Outline of literature. New York. Macmillan Company. Kearns, George. 1984. American Literature. New York: Macmilan Publishing Company.

Kennedy,X.J. 1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.USA:Little, Brown and Company.

Koesnosoebroto, Basuki. 1988.The Anathomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi.

Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature, Second Edition. Bedford Ba : Martin’s Press.

Nugroho, Widyo & Muchji, Achmad. 1994. Ilmu Budaya Dasar. Jakarta : Gunadarma Prasetya, Joko Tri. et al. 1991. Ilmu Budaya Dasar. 3rd Edition. Jakarta: Penerbit

Rineka.

Sumardjo, Jakop & K.M Saini, 1997. Apresiasi Kesusastraan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Webster’s, Meriam. 1995.Encyclopedia of Literature.USA: Meriam-Webster, Inc. Widagdo, Djoko. et al. 1991. Ilmu Budaya Dasar. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

William, V. 1981. A History of English Literature. Great Britain: Basil Blackwell Publisher Limited.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the study

Analyzing literature can train the readers’ intelligence and sensitivity about human life. The readers not only express their feeling, idea, thought, and imagination but also get more lessons from good literature. Good literature gives knowledge and some information so that the readers can compare and receive good or bad information to apply in their daily activity.

According to Kennedy (1983) says that literature is a kind of art, usually written, that offers pleasure and illumination. In other words, literature is a mirror of society. The readers can learn about human personality and solve the problems that they face in daily life. Moreover, Meyer (1990) says literature as fiction consisting of carefully arranged words designed to stir the imagination. For example, stories, poems, and plays are fictional. They make up-imagined-even when based upon actual historic events. Such imaginative writing differs from

2

other kinds of writing because its purpose is not primarily to transmit facts or ideas.

One of literary works that can impress the readers and give them some values about life is novel. Novel concerns with human beings and often provides valuable messages for the reader through the given story. By reading a novel, the reader will not only get enjoyment but also be brought into a vast, close, and fresh relation to life. It derives us closer to other human being of other nationalities cultures and races. So the readers become richer through our literary knowledge.

However, it is not easy to understand and analyze the novel because the reader must understand the background of life first such where the story takes place in order to get more easily to appreciate the contain of the novel.

In this study the writer chose a novel entitled “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte and try to focus on the suffering aspect of the main character that is Jane Eyre. This novel is chosen because it is an interesting novel which shows about the reality life of woman who struggles to survive in her life. The story is about a woman named “Jane Eyre”. She was orphaned at the age of ten, because her parents died of typhus. Then she was living at Gateshead and was being reluctantly raised by Jane’s mother’s brother’s widow, Mrs. Sarah Reed. She and her children Eliza, John, and Georgiana treat Jane cruelly and spitefully, leaving her feel wretched. Then Mrs. Reed takes Jane Eyre into charity school for orphans, Lowood Institution. There, Jane got bad treatment, such as the food was poor which was has no nutrition. Besides, every night, the students felt cold because the school committee only gave thin blanket. At 18 in 1820, Jane became

3

a teacher for a French girl named Adele. Then she met Mr.Rochester which was Thorthern Hall’s owner, and fell in love with him until they decided to get married. When they would say their married vow, someone came and told that the marriage might not happen because the groom was still husband of a wife. Jane eyre was broken heart and ran away from Thorthern Hall. Anyway, Jane is always patient and strong in facing every suffering.

In this case, the writer discusses Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte novel “Jane Eyre”. It is interesting to be analyzed because this novel tells about the great suffer such as the struggle to face this world and also solve the human problem.

The writer of this thesis focuses on analyzing one of the main characters, Jane Eyre related to her struggle to face sufferings in her life.

1.2 Statement of the Study

Based on the background of the study on Charlotte Bronte’s novel, “Jane Eyre”, the problems are formulated as follows :

1. What are Jane Eyre’s sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre” ?

2. What are causes Jane Eyre’s sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s noveL “Jane Eyre” ?

3. How does Jane Eyre solve her sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre” ?

4

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1. To identify Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

2. To describe the causes of Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

3. To explain Jane’s solved her suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of the study is expected to give the following contributions. First, for the English Department students and literature lectures, it is expected that this thesis can be used as one of the references for literary courses, especially prose. Besides, it is also expected to be used as a model of analyzing novel.

Second, the writer intends to convince the readers that learning literature especially novel, will give valuable lessons to solve the problem in daily life. Finally, it is expected that the result of this study can be used as a picture on how to face and how to solve about suffering.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

Scope of this study is Jane Eyre’s sufferings. There are many topics in this novel that can be analyzed such as main character’s conflicts and the experience, the theme, the plot, etc. But, this study only focuses on the discussion about the main character’s sufferings. In this study, however the limitation is focused on

5

Jane Eyre, who is the main character in the novel because she has the deepest sufferings in her life, and she also has some ways to solve her sufferings.

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding in this thesis, the writer gives definition of the key terms. The key term in this study as follows:

1. Analysis is description about the element that has a purpose to comprehend

the relationship between one element and others in supporting the meaning of literary works (Sudjiman, 1964 : 4).

2. Sufferingis the endurance of or submission to affliction, pain, loss (Webster,

2000: 2284)

3. Jane Eyreis the main character in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

4. Charlotte Bronteis the author of the novel, “Jane Eyre”.

5. Novel is a book-length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the study

Analyzing literature can train the readers’ intelligence and sensitivity about human life. The readers not only express their feeling, idea, thought, and imagination but also get more lessons from good literature. Good literature gives knowledge and some information so that the readers can compare and receive good or bad information to apply in their daily activity.

According to Kennedy (1983) says that literature is a kind of art, usually written, that offers pleasure and illumination. In other words, literature is a mirror of society. The readers can learn about human personality and solve the problems that they face in daily life. Moreover, Meyer (1990) says literature as fiction consisting of carefully arranged words designed to stir the imagination. For example, stories, poems, and plays are fictional. They make up-imagined-even when based upon actual historic events. Such imaginative writing differs from

other kinds of writing because its purpose is not primarily to transmit facts or ideas.

One of literary works that can impress the readers and give them some values about life is novel. Novel concerns with human beings and often provides valuable messages for the reader through the given story. By reading a novel, the reader will not only get enjoyment but also be brought into a vast, close, and fresh relation to life. It derives us closer to other human being of other nationalities cultures and races. So the readers become richer through our literary knowledge.

However, it is not easy to understand and analyze the novel because the reader must understand the background of life first such where the story takes place in order to get more easily to appreciate the contain of the novel.

In this study the writer chose a novel entitled “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte and try to focus on the suffering aspect of the main character that is Jane Eyre. This novel is chosen because it is an interesting novel which shows about the reality life of woman who struggles to survive in her life. The story is about a woman named “Jane Eyre”. She was orphaned at the age of ten, because her parents died of typhus. Then she was living at Gateshead and was being reluctantly raised by Jane’s mother’s brother’s widow, Mrs. Sarah Reed. She and her children Eliza, John, and Georgiana treat Jane cruelly and spitefully, leaving her feel wretched. Then Mrs. Reed takes Jane Eyre into charity school for orphans, Lowood Institution. There, Jane got bad treatment, such as the food was poor which was has no nutrition. Besides, every night, the students felt cold

a teacher for a French girl named Adele. Then she met Mr.Rochester which was Thorthern Hall’s owner, and fell in love with him until they decided to get married. When they would say their married vow, someone came and told that the marriage might not happen because the groom was still husband of a wife. Jane eyre was broken heart and ran away from Thorthern Hall. Anyway, Jane is always patient and strong in facing every suffering.

In this case, the writer discusses Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte novel “Jane Eyre”. It is interesting to be analyzed because this novel tells about the great suffer such as the struggle to face this world and also solve the human problem.

The writer of this thesis focuses on analyzing one of the main characters, Jane Eyre related to her struggle to face sufferings in her life.

1.2 Statement of the Study

Based on the background of the study on Charlotte Bronte’s novel, “Jane Eyre”, the problems are formulated as follows :

1. What are Jane Eyre’s sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre” ?

2. What are causes Jane Eyre’s sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s noveL “Jane Eyre” ?

3. How does Jane Eyre solve her sufferings found in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre” ?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1. To identify Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

2. To describe the causes of Jane’s suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

3. To explain Jane’s solved her suffering in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of the study is expected to give the following contributions. First, for the English Department students and literature lectures, it is expected that this thesis can be used as one of the references for literary courses, especially prose. Besides, it is also expected to be used as a model of analyzing novel.

Second, the writer intends to convince the readers that learning literature especially novel, will give valuable lessons to solve the problem in daily life. Finally, it is expected that the result of this study can be used as a picture on how to face and how to solve about suffering.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

Scope of this study is Jane Eyre’s sufferings. There are many topics in this novel that can be analyzed such as main character’s conflicts and the experience, the theme, the plot, etc. But, this study only focuses on the discussion about the main character’s sufferings. In this study, however the limitation is focused on

Jane Eyre, who is the main character in the novel because she has the deepest sufferings in her life, and she also has some ways to solve her sufferings.

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding in this thesis, the writer gives definition of the key terms. The key term in this study as follows:

1. Analysis is description about the element that has a purpose to comprehend the relationship between one element and others in supporting the meaning of literary works (Sudjiman, 1964 : 4).

2. Sufferingis the endurance of or submission to affliction, pain, loss (Webster, 2000: 2284)

3. Jane Eyreis the main character in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre”.

4. Charlotte Bronteis the author of the novel, “Jane Eyre”.

5. Novel is a book-length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that, while we read, we experience actual life (Kennedy, 1983: 180)