THE EFFECT OF USING QUESTION ANSWER RELATIONSHIP STRATEGY ON STUDENTS` ACHIEVEMENT IN READING NARRATIVE TEXT.
THE EFFECT OF USING QUESTION ANSWER
RELATIONSHIP STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’
ACHIEVEMENT IN READING NARRATIVE TEXT
A THESIS
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
HANDIKA SAPUTRA HUTABARAT
Registration Number 2103321017
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, Agustus 2015
Handika Saputra Hutabarat
NIM. 2103321017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all the writer would like to thank Jesus Christ, the Almighty God.
Because of His great love and blessing, the writer could finally complete this
thesis as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S-1) at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
During the process of writing, the writer realizes that he can not
accomplish without God blessings and supporting from many people, therefore
the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department,
Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M. Hum., the Head of English Non-Educational
Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S. M. Hum., the Head of
English Education Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., his Thesis Supervisor, for his patience and
suggestions in guiding the writer to finish this thesis.
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., his
Thesis Examiners, for their guidance.
Jhonson Hutabarat and Melina., his beloved parents for giving her
everlasting love, affection, pray and care. The writer’s special gratitude
ii
also goes to his dearest brothers, Alex Cristian Hutabarat, Tringot
Maranatha Hutabarat, his dearest sister Dama Yanti Hutabarat who
always supported the writer to be hard working to finish his study.
The Headmaster of SMP Negeri 3 Indrapura, Syurya Darma, M.Pd., for
his permission and opportunities in allowing the writer to do observation
and to collect data.
His beloved close friend Elisa Simamora and his best friends, the students
of english Department, Misida Marpaung, Wardana Sihotang, Novalia,
Soraya Grabiela Dinamika, Viviana Simanjuntak, and all people that
can not be mentioned one by one for their care, support, pray and love.
Last but not least, the writer resizes that her thesis still has some weakness and
mistakes. Thus, he would be gratefull to accept any suggestion and correction
from anyone for the better writing.
Medan,
Agustus 2015
The Writer,
Handika Saputra Hutabarat
NIM. 2103321017
iii
ABSTRACT
Hutabarat, Handika Saputra. 2103321017. The Effect of Using Question
Answer Relationship Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Narrative
Text. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. States
University of Medan. 2015.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether Question Answer Relation
Strategy significantly affected on students’ achievement in reading narrative text.
This study was an experimental research design. The population of this study was
grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 3 Indrapura with the total number of students
was 60 as samples and all of the students was taken by using random sampling.
The students were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control
group. The experimental group was taught by using Question Answer
Relationship Strategy, while the control group was taught by using Conventional
Technique. The instrument of collecting data was multiple choice tests which then
divided into pre-test and post-test. To obtain the result of the reliability of the test,
the researcher used the Kuder Richardson formula (KR-21). The result of the
calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.64, which means that the
reliability of the test is high. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The
result of the analysis showed that tvalue is higher than ttable (3.30 > 2.00) at the level
of significance 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. It means that there is a
significant effect of using Question Answer Relationship Strategy on the students’
achievement in reading narrative text.
Keyword : Question Answer Relationship Strategy, Reading Achievement,
Narrative Text.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1
A. The Background of Study ...........................................................................1
B. The Problem of Study ..................................................................................4
C. The Objective of Study ................................................................................4
D. The Scope of Study ......................................................................................4
E. The Significance of Study ............................................................................4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................6
A. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................6
1. The Students’ Achievement ....................................................................6
2. Reading ....................................................................................................6
3. The Purpose of Reading ..........................................................................8
4. Reading Comprehension .........................................................................9
5. Level of Reading Comprehension .........................................................10
6. Genre of Text .........................................................................................11
7. Question Answer Relationship Strategy ...............................................15
a. The Procedure of Question Answer Relation Strategy .....................17
b. The Advantages of Question Answer Relation Strategy ..................19
c. The Disadvantages of Question Answer Relation Strategy ..............21
B. Relevant Studies .........................................................................................21
C. Conceptual Framework .............................................................................22
D. Hypothesis ..................................................................................................23
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH......................................24
A. Research Design .........................................................................................24
B. Population and Sample ...............................................................................24
iv
C. The Instruments of Collecting Data ...........................................................25
D. The Procedure of Research ........................................................................25
E. The Scoring System ...................................................................................29
F. The Validity and Reliability of The Test ...................................................29
G. Technique for Analyzing Data ...................................................................30
H. Statistical Hypothesis ................................................................................31
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ...............32
A. Data ............................................................................................................32
B. Data Analysis .............................................................................................36
C. Testing Hypothesis .....................................................................................40
D. Research Findings ......................................................................................41
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS..................................42
A. Conclusions ................................................................................................42
B. Suggestions.................................................................................................42
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................44
APPENDIXES ......................................................................................................47
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Experimental Group ..........46
Appendix B. The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Control Group ...................47
Appendix C. The Result of Try Out .......................................................................48
Appendix D. The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ........................................49
Appendix E. The Mean Score of Experimental Group ..........................................50
Appendix F. The Mean Score of Control Group ...................................................51
Appendix G. The Calculation of T-test for Experimental Group ..........................52
Appendix H. The Calculation of T-test for Control Group....................................53
Appendix I. T-table Distribution ............................................................................54
Appendix J. Pre Test and Post Test Items ..............................................................55
Appendix K. Answer Key for Pre Test and Post Test Items..................................61
Appendix L. Lesson Plan .......................................................................................62
vii
REFERENCES
Beacon. 2013. Question Answer Relationship. Reading Educator. From
(http://www.readingeducator.com/ strategies/qar.htm). Retrieved on
April 12th, 2013/08:02:09.
Brown, H. Douglas.2003.Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy, Second Edition, London: Longman.
Burns et al. 1984. Teaching Reading in Todays Elementary School. Boston :
Houghton Mifflin.
Cummins,Sean. Streiff, Melissa and Ceprano, Maria. 2012 Understanding and
Applying the QAR Strategy to Improve Test Scores.
Dorn, Linda. 2006. A Close Look at meaning in Reading Comprehension:
Arkansas Reading Association an Affiliate International Reading
Association.
Elfriede. 2012. Improving Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension
Through Question Answer Relationship (QAR) Strategy. Unpublished
Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Fisher, D., and Frey, N, 2004. Improving Adolescent Literacy: Strategies at
Work. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Furtado, Leena and Pastell, Heidi. 2011. Question Answer Relationship
Increases Reading Comprehension among Kindergarten Students.
Grabe,W and F.L.Stoller. 2002. Teaching and Researching Reading. London:
Pearson Education.
Haris, Rapicha. 2014. The Effect of Using Question Answer Relationship
Strategy on Student Achievement in Reading Narrative Text.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Joseph, Isable et al. 2007. Impact of Question-Answer-Relationships on
Reading Comprehension. Singapore: Pei Chun Public School and
Marymount Convent Ministry of Education.
Kinniburgh, Leah. 2010. Question Answer Relationships in the Primary
Grades: Laying the Foundation for Reading Comprehension.
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, II (1)
1-14.
Kurniawan, Ade. 2013. Improving the students’ reading comprehension
achivement by applying the Question Answer Relationship Strategy.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Moreillon, Judi. 2007. Collaborative Strategy for Teaching Reading
Comprehension: Reading Comprehension Strategy Three Questioning.
American Library Assocation.
Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta:
Published Andi.
Raphael. T.E. & Au, K. H. (2005). QAR : Enhancing comprehension and test
taking across grades and content areas. The Reading Teaching, 59(3),
206-221.
Raphael, T.E. (1984). Teaching learners about sources of information for
answering comprehension questions. Journal of Reading, 27, 303-311.
Readence, J.E. (2006) Question-Answer Relationship. University of Nevada,
Las Vegas.
Reid and Lienemann. 2006. Strategy instruction for students with learning
disabilities: postreading strategies. The guilford press.
Simanjuntak, Viviana. 2014. The Effect of Applying Collaborative Strategic
Reading on Students’ Achievement in Reading Narrative Text.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
RELATIONSHIP STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’
ACHIEVEMENT IN READING NARRATIVE TEXT
A THESIS
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
HANDIKA SAPUTRA HUTABARAT
Registration Number 2103321017
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, Agustus 2015
Handika Saputra Hutabarat
NIM. 2103321017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all the writer would like to thank Jesus Christ, the Almighty God.
Because of His great love and blessing, the writer could finally complete this
thesis as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S-1) at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
During the process of writing, the writer realizes that he can not
accomplish without God blessings and supporting from many people, therefore
the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department,
Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M. Hum., the Head of English Non-Educational
Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S. M. Hum., the Head of
English Education Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., his Thesis Supervisor, for his patience and
suggestions in guiding the writer to finish this thesis.
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., his
Thesis Examiners, for their guidance.
Jhonson Hutabarat and Melina., his beloved parents for giving her
everlasting love, affection, pray and care. The writer’s special gratitude
ii
also goes to his dearest brothers, Alex Cristian Hutabarat, Tringot
Maranatha Hutabarat, his dearest sister Dama Yanti Hutabarat who
always supported the writer to be hard working to finish his study.
The Headmaster of SMP Negeri 3 Indrapura, Syurya Darma, M.Pd., for
his permission and opportunities in allowing the writer to do observation
and to collect data.
His beloved close friend Elisa Simamora and his best friends, the students
of english Department, Misida Marpaung, Wardana Sihotang, Novalia,
Soraya Grabiela Dinamika, Viviana Simanjuntak, and all people that
can not be mentioned one by one for their care, support, pray and love.
Last but not least, the writer resizes that her thesis still has some weakness and
mistakes. Thus, he would be gratefull to accept any suggestion and correction
from anyone for the better writing.
Medan,
Agustus 2015
The Writer,
Handika Saputra Hutabarat
NIM. 2103321017
iii
ABSTRACT
Hutabarat, Handika Saputra. 2103321017. The Effect of Using Question
Answer Relationship Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Narrative
Text. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. States
University of Medan. 2015.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether Question Answer Relation
Strategy significantly affected on students’ achievement in reading narrative text.
This study was an experimental research design. The population of this study was
grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 3 Indrapura with the total number of students
was 60 as samples and all of the students was taken by using random sampling.
The students were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control
group. The experimental group was taught by using Question Answer
Relationship Strategy, while the control group was taught by using Conventional
Technique. The instrument of collecting data was multiple choice tests which then
divided into pre-test and post-test. To obtain the result of the reliability of the test,
the researcher used the Kuder Richardson formula (KR-21). The result of the
calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.64, which means that the
reliability of the test is high. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The
result of the analysis showed that tvalue is higher than ttable (3.30 > 2.00) at the level
of significance 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. It means that there is a
significant effect of using Question Answer Relationship Strategy on the students’
achievement in reading narrative text.
Keyword : Question Answer Relationship Strategy, Reading Achievement,
Narrative Text.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1
A. The Background of Study ...........................................................................1
B. The Problem of Study ..................................................................................4
C. The Objective of Study ................................................................................4
D. The Scope of Study ......................................................................................4
E. The Significance of Study ............................................................................4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................6
A. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................6
1. The Students’ Achievement ....................................................................6
2. Reading ....................................................................................................6
3. The Purpose of Reading ..........................................................................8
4. Reading Comprehension .........................................................................9
5. Level of Reading Comprehension .........................................................10
6. Genre of Text .........................................................................................11
7. Question Answer Relationship Strategy ...............................................15
a. The Procedure of Question Answer Relation Strategy .....................17
b. The Advantages of Question Answer Relation Strategy ..................19
c. The Disadvantages of Question Answer Relation Strategy ..............21
B. Relevant Studies .........................................................................................21
C. Conceptual Framework .............................................................................22
D. Hypothesis ..................................................................................................23
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH......................................24
A. Research Design .........................................................................................24
B. Population and Sample ...............................................................................24
iv
C. The Instruments of Collecting Data ...........................................................25
D. The Procedure of Research ........................................................................25
E. The Scoring System ...................................................................................29
F. The Validity and Reliability of The Test ...................................................29
G. Technique for Analyzing Data ...................................................................30
H. Statistical Hypothesis ................................................................................31
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ...............32
A. Data ............................................................................................................32
B. Data Analysis .............................................................................................36
C. Testing Hypothesis .....................................................................................40
D. Research Findings ......................................................................................41
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS..................................42
A. Conclusions ................................................................................................42
B. Suggestions.................................................................................................42
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................44
APPENDIXES ......................................................................................................47
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Experimental Group ..........46
Appendix B. The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Control Group ...................47
Appendix C. The Result of Try Out .......................................................................48
Appendix D. The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ........................................49
Appendix E. The Mean Score of Experimental Group ..........................................50
Appendix F. The Mean Score of Control Group ...................................................51
Appendix G. The Calculation of T-test for Experimental Group ..........................52
Appendix H. The Calculation of T-test for Control Group....................................53
Appendix I. T-table Distribution ............................................................................54
Appendix J. Pre Test and Post Test Items ..............................................................55
Appendix K. Answer Key for Pre Test and Post Test Items..................................61
Appendix L. Lesson Plan .......................................................................................62
vii
REFERENCES
Beacon. 2013. Question Answer Relationship. Reading Educator. From
(http://www.readingeducator.com/ strategies/qar.htm). Retrieved on
April 12th, 2013/08:02:09.
Brown, H. Douglas.2003.Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy, Second Edition, London: Longman.
Burns et al. 1984. Teaching Reading in Todays Elementary School. Boston :
Houghton Mifflin.
Cummins,Sean. Streiff, Melissa and Ceprano, Maria. 2012 Understanding and
Applying the QAR Strategy to Improve Test Scores.
Dorn, Linda. 2006. A Close Look at meaning in Reading Comprehension:
Arkansas Reading Association an Affiliate International Reading
Association.
Elfriede. 2012. Improving Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension
Through Question Answer Relationship (QAR) Strategy. Unpublished
Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Fisher, D., and Frey, N, 2004. Improving Adolescent Literacy: Strategies at
Work. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Furtado, Leena and Pastell, Heidi. 2011. Question Answer Relationship
Increases Reading Comprehension among Kindergarten Students.
Grabe,W and F.L.Stoller. 2002. Teaching and Researching Reading. London:
Pearson Education.
Haris, Rapicha. 2014. The Effect of Using Question Answer Relationship
Strategy on Student Achievement in Reading Narrative Text.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Joseph, Isable et al. 2007. Impact of Question-Answer-Relationships on
Reading Comprehension. Singapore: Pei Chun Public School and
Marymount Convent Ministry of Education.
Kinniburgh, Leah. 2010. Question Answer Relationships in the Primary
Grades: Laying the Foundation for Reading Comprehension.
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, II (1)
1-14.
Kurniawan, Ade. 2013. Improving the students’ reading comprehension
achivement by applying the Question Answer Relationship Strategy.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Moreillon, Judi. 2007. Collaborative Strategy for Teaching Reading
Comprehension: Reading Comprehension Strategy Three Questioning.
American Library Assocation.
Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta:
Published Andi.
Raphael. T.E. & Au, K. H. (2005). QAR : Enhancing comprehension and test
taking across grades and content areas. The Reading Teaching, 59(3),
206-221.
Raphael, T.E. (1984). Teaching learners about sources of information for
answering comprehension questions. Journal of Reading, 27, 303-311.
Readence, J.E. (2006) Question-Answer Relationship. University of Nevada,
Las Vegas.
Reid and Lienemann. 2006. Strategy instruction for students with learning
disabilities: postreading strategies. The guilford press.
Simanjuntak, Viviana. 2014. The Effect of Applying Collaborative Strategic
Reading on Students’ Achievement in Reading Narrative Text.
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.