v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract i
Abstrak ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables xi
List of figures xii
List Abbreviations xiv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background
1 1.2
Problems Statement 2
1.3 Objective
2 1.4
Scope 3
1.5 Important of the Project
4 1.6
Organization of the Report 4
1.7 Summary
5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW on DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 6
2.1 Introduction
6 2.2
DFE History 6
2.3 Definition of Design for Environment
7 2.4
The characteristic of DFE DFE Focus 8
2.5 DFE Rules or DFE Guidelines
9 2.6
Design for the Environment in Business 10
2.7 DFE Focus
11 2.7.1 Focus on the Disposal of the Product
11 2.7.2 Focus on the Use of Certain Material in Product Life Cycle
11 2.7.3 Focus on Longer Product Life
11 2.8
Hierarchy of Focusing 13
vi 2.8.1 Strategic Consideration Step 1
13 2.8.2 Focusing Within the Product Life Step 2
13 2.8.3 Implementing Design For Environment Step 3
15 2.9
Improvement of Environment 16
2.10 Selecting Material
17 2.11
Manufacture 17
2.12 Use
18 2.13
Approaches to Optimal Environment Performance 18
2.14 Pollution Prevention and Resource Conversation
19 2.15
Indentify Desire Technology 24
2.16 Case Study
27
3. LITERATURE REVIEW on DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY 28
3.1 Introduction
28 3.2
History 28
3.3 Definition
29 3.3.1 Definition of DFE Design for Sustainability
29 3.3.2 Sustainability
30 3.3.3 Design
30 3.4
Guidelines for Sustainable Exhibition Design 30
3.4.1 Guidelines in DFS 30
3.4.2 Element 31
3.5 Environment Issue
32 3.5.1 Global Warming
32 3.5.2 Ozone Layer Depletion
33 3.5.3 Tropical Deformation
33 3.5.4 Waste
33 3.5.5 Water Pollution
33 3.5.6 Resource Depletion
33 3.6
Principle of Sustainable Design 34
3.6.1 Minimize Resource Consumption 34
3.6.2 Reduction Pollution 34
3.7 Sustainable Strategies
34 3.7.1 Consumer Desire
34
vii 3.7.2 Cradle-To-Grave Analysis
35 3.7.3 Dematerialization
35 3.7.4 Energy Use
35 3.7.5 Transport
36 3.7.6 Design for Disassembly
36 3.7.7 Waste Management
36 3.7.7.1 Reducing Waste
36 3.7.7.2 Reducing Waste Pollution
36 3.7.7.3 Waste Recycling
37 3.7.8 Specifying Material
37 3.8
Business Environment for Sustainable Design 37
3.9 The Need for Case Study Evaluation
37 3.9.1 This Study was Limited in the Subject of Design for Sustainability
37 3.9.2 The Making an Industrial
38 3.9.3 Contamination in Case Study
38 3.10
The Opportunities for Changes 38
3.10.1 The Role of the Designer 38
3.10.2 Sustainability Policies 39
3.10.3 Cross-Discipline Collaboration 39
3.10.4 Education 39
3.11 Challenge for Design
39 3.12
Economic Bottom Line 40
3.13 Environment Bottom Line
40 3.14
Social Bottom Line 41
3.15 Major Challenge to Sustainable Development
41 3.16
The Business Case for Sustainable Development 41
3.17 A New Design Focus
42 3.18
Differentiation of Environment Design Philosophies 43
3.18.1 Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Design 43
3.19 The Difference Elements Affecting the Product Lifecycle
45 3.20
Material Selection 46
3.20.1 Type of Material 47
3.20.2 Dematerialization and MIPS 49
3.20.3 Some General Advices for More Efficient use of Materials 50
viii 3.20.4 Sustainability of Material
51 3.21
Environmental Managemenr Systems, EMS, EMAS and ISO 14001 51
3.22 Environmental Impact with the LCA-Method
52
4. METHODOLOGY 54
